Advertising regulations

, 49

Age of Receding Pandemics

, 7–8

All Saints days

, 135–136

All Souls days

, 135–136

Anatomical pathology autopsy

, 44–45

Anticlericalism

, 16–17

Architectural styles

, 22–23

Ashes. See Cremated remains

Association of Funeral directors

, 50

Atheism

, 28–30

Austro-Hungarian Empire

, 1, 15–16, 19–20

Autopsy

, 44–45

Average national wage

, 106

Average prices

, 106–109

Bible

, 96–97

Body

, 5–6, 12–13, 46, 65, 84, 91, 126–127, 136

Bohemia

, 1–2, 16–17, 26–27, 79–80, 86–87, 116–117

Braunerová, Augusta

, 18–19

Brno

, 16–17

Burial

, 7–8

Burial grounds

, 10–11, 25–26, 31–32

Burial law

, 121–122

Burial register

, 127–128

‘Burial Site Regulations’

, 128

Burial sites

, 10–14, 115–117, 120–130

legislation

, 127–128

natural burial

, 130–131

private

, 117

public

, 117

Bushes

, 121

Cardio-vascular

diseases

, 9

revolution

, 9–10

Catafalque

, 88–90

Catholic Church

, 99–100

and consecration

, 13

and cremation

, 53–55

members of

, 74–75

Catholic funerary practice

, 3–4

Catholics

, 11

Cemeteries

, 12–14, 129–130

buildings

, 121–122

chapels

, 31

costs

, 111–113

governance

, 74

landscaping

, 55–56

lawn

, 73–75

management

, 49–50

municipal ownership

, 63–64

provision, statutory requirement

, 45–46

sections for faith groups

, 3–4

services

, 111

visiting of

, 133–136

Cemetery, Olšany (Prague)

, 130

Certificate for running Crematorium

, 63–64

Certificate of Coroner

, 43

Certificate of Funeral director

, 30–31

Certificate of Registration of Death

, 43–46

Child/children

, 6, 40, 45–46, 67–68, 93

Christ Jesus

, 96–97

Christian funerary practice

, 3–4

Christian symbolism

, 31, 120, 122–123

Christian theology

, 10–11, 36–37

Church of the Czech Brethren

, 3–4, 99–100, 118

Church-owned cemeteries

, 28–30

Churchyards

, 10–11

Civil funeral ceremony

, 30–31

Civil funeral speaker

, 92–93

Civil speech

, 92–93

Coffins

, 14–15, 88–89

Columbaria

, 69–70, 122–123

Commemoration

, 133, 136

Committal

, 105–106

Communist Bloc

, 1–2

Communist era

, 31–32, 34, 42

Communist government

, 1

Communist leadership

, 30

Communist party, Soviet

, 27–28

Communist Party rule

, 3–4, 27–28

Communist period in Czechoslovakia

, 27–34

infrastructure

, 30–32

occurrence of secular funerals

, 32–34

promotion of civil funerals

, 30

Communist regime

, 1–2, 28, 61, 115–116

Communist Rule (1948–1989)

, 53–58

Condolence

, 89–90

Consecration

, 11

Conservation

, 129

Coroner

, 43

Cortege

, 106

Cremated remains

and commemoration

, 133, 136

disposal of

, 66–75

and Roman Catholic Church

, 74–75

Cremation

, 21, 27–28, 30–31, 115–116

with a ceremony

, 30–31

without a ceremony

, 31–32, 100–101

costs

, 16–17

history

, 53–58

industry

, 64–65

international exhibition

, 16–17

legislation

, 17

movement in Czech Lands

, 15–23

number of

, 21

process

, 65–66

rates

, 59–61

Crematoria

, 20–21

animal

, 64

ceremonial halls

, 58

design

, 55–56

equipment

, 112

functioning

, 61–66

history

, 20–21

management

, 49–50

network development

, 19–20

numbers of

, 25–26

ownership

, 63–64

provision

, 50

services

, 112

Crematorium

, 17, 63–64

Bratislava

, 56–58

Kladno

, 57

Liberec

, 17

Pardubice

, 23

Prague Motol

, 88

Prague Strašnice

, 140

Zlín

, 57

Crosses

at cemeteries

, 120

by the roads

, 136–137

Cult of death

, 5–6

Czech Cremation Movement

, 18–21

Czech Cremation Society

, 19–20

Czech economy

, 2–3

Czech Funeral Act

, 46

Czech funeral companies

, 47

Czech funeral industry

, 14

Czech German Cremation Movement

, 16–17

Czech Lands

, 7–8, 15–17, 26–27

Czech legislation concerning death

, 43–46

Czech Republic

, 1–3, 11–12, 39, 42

Czech roadside memorials

, 139

Czech Silesia

, 1–2

Czech society

, 82

Czechoslovak Hussite Church

, 3–4

Czechoslovakia

, 1, 20–21, 26–27, 42, 53–55, 64

communist period in

, 27–34

Death, place of

, 41–42

Death, principal causes of

, 40–41

Death bodies

care of

, 83–84

dressing

, 91

transportation of

, 102

viewing

, 77–78

washing

, 84

Death grant

, 110–111

Death notice board

, 86

Death notices

, 85–87, 140

Death registration

, 43–46

Deaths, number of

, 39

Demographic context

, 39

Digging in of the ashes under a piece of lawn

, 123

Direct cremation

, 109

Do-it-yourself funerals (DIY funerals)

, 101–103

Dying

, 6, 34–35

East Germany

, 9–10, 28, 32–33, 60–61

Eastern bloc

, 1, 9–10, 28, 60–61

Eastern Europe

, 60–61

Eastern Orthodox Church

, 60–61

and cremation

, 60–61

Economic funeral

, 107

Economy

, 2–3

Eighteenth-century history

, 5–15

Embalming

, 48

England and Wales

, 7–8

Enlightenment movement

, 5

Environment of funeral services

, 51–52

Estonia

, 28

Eucharist

, 96–97

Eulogy

, 89

European Union

, 1–2

Family visits to the grave

, 133–135

Farský, Karel

, 21–22

Flowers

, 68–69, 88–89, 135–136

Foetus

, 47, 102

Folk beliefs

, 116

Forest cemeteries

, 130–131

Forest of memories

, 131

Freethinkers Association

, 19–20

Freethinking movement

, 21

Funeral Act (2017)

, 84

Funeral decree

, 65–66

Funeral directors

, 107

codes of practice

, 109

costs

, 108

grant

, 110–111

history

, 107

independent

, 24–25

industry

, 14–15

municipal

, 105–106

premises

, 50

range of services

, 35

trade associations

, 50

training and qualifications

, 47

Funeral expenses

, 111

fraternities

, 3

payments

, 108–109

Funeral(s)

, 77–78

attendance at

, 83–84

ceremony

, 77, 87–91

costs

, 83, 105–111

DIY

, 101–103

dress code

, 91

grant

, 110–111

homes

, 14–15

making arrangements

, 25–26

music

, 89–91

no ceremony

, 79–80

notices

, 85–87

ordering

, 84–85

pre-payment

, 108–109

preferences

, 82

private

, 77–78

regulation of funeral fees

, 49–50

religious

, 81, 94–100

secular

, 81–94

tea

, 91–92

time

, 83–84

traditional

, 77–78

tram

, 25–26

types

, 79–82

Funerary heritage

, 129

Gardening the grave

, 15

Gardens of Remembrance

, 128

German

cremation societies

, 16–17

cremationists

, 17

national confession

, 16–17

population

, 16–19

Germany

, 16–17, 26–27, 58

God´s will

, 8–9

Gotha

, 16–17

Grave digging

, 108

Graves

, 121

depth

, 123–124

dimensions

, 123–124

family

, 125–126

headstones

, 125

lease

, 126–127

objects left on

, 72–73

plots

, 123–126

private

, 117

public

, 117

purchase

, 111

re-use

, 126–127

register

, 117

traditional

, 108

urn

, 68–69

visiting

, 133–135

Green burial

, 130–131

Green cremation

, 130–131

Green funerals

, 130–131

Hearses

, 97–98

Historic Czech lands

, 14

Holy Water

, 96–98

Homeless cemetery

, 140

Hospice

, 42

Hospitals

, 43–45, 82–83

House of Hapsburg

, 15–16

Infant mortality

, 7–9

Influenza pandemic

, 25–26

International Cremation Congress

, 21–22

International Social Survey Programme (ISSP)

, 81–82

Interwar period history

, 21–23

Jewish funerary practice

, 7

cemeteries

, 11–12

Jews

, 3–4, 11–12

Joseph II

, 5, 12

Krematorium

, 19–20, 61–62

Labour force

, 2–3

Labour market strategy

, 2–3

Language

, 1–2

Lawns

, 122–123

for digging in the ashes

, 71–73

for scattering of the ashes

, 70–71

Legislation

, 127–128

Act on Healthcare services

, 43

Act on Undertaking/Czech Funeral Act

, 43

Civil Code

, 43

disposal of the death

, 44

Funeral Laws Amendment Act 2017

, 47

Labour Code

, 93

Liberec

, 17

Life expectancy

, 8–9, 39

Lime

, 121

Litomyšl

, 123

Local authorities

, 50, 62–64, 67–68, 115–116, 118, 120

Lutheranism

, 16–17

Marie Theresa

, 5, 12

Mass

, 96–99

Maur, Eduard

, 8–9

Medical autopsy

, 44–45

Medical examination certificate

, 44

Medical practitioner role in death registration

, 43

Memorial ceremonies

, 78

Memorials

in cemeteries

, 119

roadside

, 136–139

war

, 24–25, 136

Minimum prices

, 106–109

Ministry of Regional Development

, 48, 50, 64, 109–110

Mobile hospices

, 42

Moravia

, 1–2, 16–17, 53–55

Mortality rate

, 39

Mortuary

, 12–15, 120

Mourning attire

, 138

Municipal cemeteries

, 14–15, 27–28, 68–69, 119, 122–123

Municipal committees for civic issues

, 30–31

Municipal funeral services

, 34–35

Náprstek, Vojta

, 18–19

National revival

, 61

Natural burial

, 130–131

Natural Death Centre

, 102

Nineteenth-century

, 5–15, 7–10

Non-believers

, 27–28, 36–38, 122–123

North Bohemia

, 75, 86

Old Jewish Cemetery

, 129–130

Orthodox Church traditions

, 95

Out-of-church movement

, 20–21

Palliative care

, 42

Pardubice Crematorium

, 23

Paris

, 18–19

Pavel Hugo

, 102–103

Perpetuity

, 11–12

Personalised funerals

, 93

Photographs

, 86–87

Planning of funeral services

, 51–52

Plots

, 49–50, 122–123

Political structure

, 119

Population

, 1–2, 79–80

Post-communist period

, 58

Post-communist transformation

, 2–3

Post-mortem examination

, 44–45, 84

Prague

, 14, 18–19, 53–55, 89–90

Prague Strašnice crematorium

, 22–23

Prayers for the death

, 11

Pre-paid funeral plans

, 108–109

Principal legislation concerning funeral directing

, 47–52

Private burial sites

, 117

Private funeral

, 77–78

Protestant Church

, 3–4

Protestants

, 13

Public burial sites

, 117

Public interest service

, 128

Questionnaires

, 92–93

Reformation

, 5

Register

, 127–128

Religious affiliation

, 99–100

Religious belief and funerary practice

, 37–38

Religious funerals

, 81, 94–100

Remembrance services

, 136

Removal of remains

, 83–84

Rites of passage

, 30, 36–37

Christian

, 30

civil

, 30–31

Roadside memorials

, 136–139

Roman Catholic Church

, 3–4, 18–19

Roman Catholics

, 10–11

Rondocubism

, 22–23

Salvation

, 5–6

Secular ceremony

, 30–31

Secular funerals

, 32–34, 81–94

Secularity

, 3–4

Silesia

, 3–4, 20–21, 100

Slavs

, 20–23

Slovakia

, 1

Social funerals

, 46, 109–110

Society for the Burning of the Dead

, 19–20

Souls

, 11, 116–117

Soviet antireligious model

, 30–31

Spanish influenza pandemic

, 25–26

Stillbirths

, 47

Superstitions

, 36–37, 116

Swinging of incense

, 96–98

Teplotechna state company

, 64

Trade licence

, 48

Traditional

burial

, 108

funeral

, 77–78

Trees

, 121

Twentieth-century history

, 5–15

Urn

, 67–68

Vault

, 46–48, 117, 125–126

Velvet revolution (1989)

, 34–38, 58

continuity in funeral industry

, 35–36

religion and secularisation

, 36–38

Viewing of the body

, 77–78

Virtual commemoration

, 139–140

War cemeteries

, 130

War graves and memorials

, 118–119

Welfare assistance with funerals

, 35

Welfare state

, 2–3

Welfare system

, 2–3

Western Europe

, 7–8

World War, First

, 24–25

World War, Second

, 26–27

Wreaths

, 84–85, 88–89, 122–123, 135–136

Yew trees

, 121