Prelims

Half Title Page

Advances in Pacific Basin Business, Economics and Finance

Series Title Page

Advances in Pacific Basin Business, Economics and Finance

Series Editors:Dr. Cheng-Few Lee and Dr. Min-Teh Yu

Editorial Advisory Board

• James S. Ang

• Florida State University, USA

• Hong-Yi Chen

• National Chengchi University, Taiwan

• Ren-Raw Chen

• Fordham University, USA

• Sheng-Syan Chen

• National Taiwan University, Taiwan

• Anna Chernobai

• Syracuse University, USA

• Thomas C. Chiang

• Drexel University, USA

• Lin Guo

• Suffolk University, USA

• Chuan-Yang Hwang

• National Taiwan University, Taiwan

• Nathan L. Joseph

• Coventry University, UK

• Tao-Hsien Dolly King

• University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA

• Siong Hook Law

• University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

• Wayne Y. Lee

• University of Arkansas, USA

• Scott C. Linn

• University of Oklahoma, USA

• Huston McCulloch

• Ohio State University, USA

• Yaw Mensah

• Rutgers University, USA

• Tatsuyoshi Miyakoshi

• Hosei University, Japan

• Thomas H. Noe

• University of Oxford, UK

• Kwangwoo Park

• KAIST, Korea

• Fotios Pasiouras

• Montpellier Business School, France

• Edward W. Sun

• KEDGE Business School, France

• Cindy S. H. Wang

• HSBC Business School, Peking University, China

• Junbo Wang

• City University of Hong Kong, HK

• C. John Wei

• Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HK

• Chunchi Wu

• State University at Buffalo, USA

• Wenfeng Wu

• Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

• JingJing Yang

• Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, China

• Tong Yu

• University of Cincinnati, USA

• Laixun Zhao

• Kobe University, Japan

Title Page

Advances in Pacific Basin Business, Economics and Finance Volume 12, 2024

Advances in Pacific Basin Business, Economics and Finance

Edited by

Dr. Cheng-Few Lee

Rutgers University, USA

And

Dr. Min-Teh Yu

National Tsing Hua University and Providence University, Taiwan

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Publishing Limited

Emerald Publishing, Floor 5, Northspring, 21-23 Wellington Street, Leeds LS1 4DL

First edition 2024

Editorial matter and selection © 2024 Cheng-Few Lee and Min-Teh Yu.

Individual chapters © 2024 The Authors.

Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.

Reprints and permissions service

Contact: www.copyright.com

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters' suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-83753-865-2 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-83753-864-5 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-83753-866-9 (Epub)

ISSN: 2514-4650 (Series)

Aims and Submission Guidelines

Advances in Pacific Basin Business, Economics and Finance (APBBEF) is a peer-reviewed journal published by Emerald Publishing and is designed to focus on interdisciplinary research in finance, economics, and management among Pacific Rim countries. All articles published are peer-reviewed and recommended by one editorial board member. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Policy and management on financial markets and financial institutions;

• Options, futures, and other derivatives markets;

• Corporate finance and investment decisions;

• Insurance and risk management;

• Accounting, auditing, and taxation;

• Artificial intelligence and new technology in finance;

• ESG and sustainability;

• Income, employment, and education;

• Monetary and foreign exchange policy;

• Other economic policies among the Pacific Rim countries.