Index
Electrifying Mobility: Realising a Sustainable Future for the Car
ISBN: 978-1-83982-635-1, eISBN: 978-1-83982-634-4
ISSN: 2044-9941
Publication date: 17 October 2022
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2022), "Index", Parkhurst, G. and Clayton, W. (Ed.) Electrifying Mobility: Realising a Sustainable Future for the Car (Transport and Sustainability, Vol. 15), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 247-255. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2044-994120220000015002
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Note: Page numbers followed by “n” indicate notes.
Acidification
, 43
Action plan electric mobility
, 78–79
Active mobility
, 162–163
Activity-based Model (ActBM)
, 180–181
Adoption
of EVs, influences on
, 99
theories of technology adoption
, 98–99
Afreecar
, 66–67
Agency model
, 65
Alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs)
, 103
Aluminium (Al)
, 39
Analytical approaches
, 8
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
, 181
Artificial intelligence (AI)
, 199
Automated travel
, 129
Automobile ‘regime’
, 233
Automobility
electric automobility
, 233
electrification of
, 4–11
gasoline-powered automobility
, 23
Automotive industry
, 9, 194
distribution model of incumbent
, 17–18
EU regulations on CO2 emissions
, 57
‘Formula E-team’
, 79
importance, and inertia of
, 16
structure and economics of
, 54
Automotive supply chain
, 240
Automotive value chain
, 244
Autonomous vehicle (AV)
, 212, 227, 242
adoption
, 213
AV-related Statistics
, 217
questions on AV-related policy
, 221
Back-up electricity supply
, 66
Battery electric vehicles (BEVs)
, 7, 34–35, 78, 194, 232
production, distribution, and retail strategies
, 63–65
well-to-wheel-efficiency of
, 36
Battery exchange
, 166, 204–205
systems
, 204
Battery swap (see Battery exchange)
Battery swap station (BSS)
, 204
Battery/batteries
, 37, 192, 196, 240
assembly capacity
, 57
components
, 39–40
end-of-life
, 65–66
management systems
, 197
packs
, 59–62
second life applications, 65-66
technologies in battery development
, 198–202
Behaviour change
, 233
Behavioural spillover
, 108
Beijing Automotive Industrial Corporation (BAIC)
, 205
Better Place concept
, 65–66
BMW i3
, 64
Bosch company
, 192
Business models
, 10–11, 192
of EV retail
, 241
Business-to-consumer model
, 100
Capacity
, 21
Car
car-based motorisation
, 10
industry
, 14–19
infrastructure, charging, and land use patterns
, 19–21
Car culture
, 16, 244
and habits
, 21–23
Car financing schemes
, 130
Car manufacturers
, 205
Car mobility
, 84
electrification of
, 75
hegemony of ICE mobility
, 75–78
surge in full-electric mobility
, 80–84
surge in plug-in HEV mobility
, 78–80
Car ownership
, 243
Car production
, 25, 77
Car-dependence
, 243
transportation system
, 16
Carbon black
, 39
Carbon case in lifecycle perspective
, 36–39
Carbon emissions
, 14, 39, 57, 61, 63, 239
Carbon fibre reinforced plastic body (CFRP)
, 64
Carbon footprint (CF)
, 36
Carbon monoxide (CO)
, 44
Carbonaceous fuels
, 34
Cell assembly
, 61–62
Cell finishing
, 61–62
Cell manufacturing process
, 61
‘Cell-to-pack’ technology
, 57, 61
Ceramic electrolytes
, 200
Charger network coverage
, 139
Charging behaviours
, 122
Charging source of electricity
, 37
Charging etiquette
, 240
Charging infrastructure
, 19–21
Charging points
, 142, 162, 171, 179, 181–182, 195–197, 204–206, 240
Charging process
, 195, 201
Charging stations
, 163
charging process
, 165–166
charging speed
, 166–167
energy source
, 164–165
methodology for location of charging stations
, 176
power flow direction
, 167–168
technology for
, 163
type
, 165
Charging technologies
, 10
Chinese EV market
, 205
Circular economy concept
, 235
Clean vehicle technologies
, 194
Climate change
, 4, 14, 40, 103
Co-dynamics of car drivers and manufacturers
, 85–87
CO2 emissions
, 40
‘Cocooning’ function of automobile
, 22
Communication channels
, 98
Comprehensive ReCiPe evaluation scheme
, 42
Congestion pricing scheme
, 213
Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV)
, 213
Construction costs
, 173
Contactless charging method (see Wireless charging method)
Conventional batteries
, 200
COP26 Declaration
, 232
Copper (Cu)
, 39
Costs
, 173
economic-financial criteria
, 174
and leasing options
, 99–100
of ownership
, 121
types of
, 179
COVID-19 pandemic
, 194
Cplex optimiser
, 179
Cultural narratives
, 22
Customer perception of EVs
, 136–137
Decarbonisation
, 9, 120
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
, 58
Demographics and early adopters
, 102
Detouring, to recharge
, 123
Diffusion of innovation theory
, 98
Digital ethnography
, 8
Directional smart charging
, 105
Discourse analysis
, 8, 75
Document analysis
, 75
Driver(s)
Adopting
, 127
challenges of being EV
, 123, 139–144
of conventional cars
, 122–123
Driving experience
EV
, 104
substantial negative impact on
, 140
Dynamic ride-sharing (DRS)
, 212, 221, 224
Dynamism
, 240
Dysprosium (Dy)
, 59
E-boards
, 34
E-commerce companies
, 194
E-mobility in Netherlands
, 72
E-scooters
, 7
Eco Ranking platform
, 127
Eco-driving
, 10
Economic-financial issues of charging stations
, 172–173, 174
Electric automobility
, 233
Electric bicycle (E-bike)
, 7, 34, 38
Electric car blogger
, 21
Electric car charging
challenges
, 162–163
criteria and parameters for location of charging stations
, 168–176
future trends in charging station research
, 182–184
infrastructure deployment
, 160
long-term policies of European Union
, 161
methodology for location of charging stations
, 176–182
technology for charging stations
, 163–168
Electric car owner
advice and recommendations
, 150–152
challenges of being EV driver
, 139–144
customer perception of EVs
, 136–137
EV owner
, 137–138
learning to EV owner
, 144–146
realities of EV ownership
, 137
sharing experiences
, 147–149
upscaling of innovations
, 138–139
Electric car production
, 54
BEV production, distribution, and retail strategies
, 63–65
EV manufacturing
, 59–62
EV supply chain
, 56–59
ICE and EV comparison
, 54–56
lifecycle management and end-of-life battery packs
, 65–66
L-class vehicles
, 66–67
Electric cars
, 5, 8, 34
attitudes towards acquisition, 215-227
beyond battery, potential solutions for future development
, 202–205
battery components
, 39–40
condition for achieving sustainability mobility
, 243–244
effects on local air quality
, 43–46
energy consumption of
, 34–36
EV market outlook
, 193–195
factors influencing rate of transition
, 236–239
follow-the-money analysis of vehicle electrification investments
, 195–198
full environmental impacts
, 40–43
future uncertainty
, 240–242
from life cycle perspective
, 39
technologies in battery development
, 198–202
Electric mini cars
, 38
Electric mobility
, 35, 193
Electric motive power
, 5
Electric powertrains
, 22
Electric road service (ERS)
, 203–204
Electric SAV service (SAEV service)
, 219
Electric skate
, 34
Electric vehicle (EV)
, 5–6, 14–15, 17–19, 97–98, 120, 136, 192, 212
buying or owning EV influence other behaviours
, 107–110
challenges of being EV driver
, 139
costs and leasing options
, 99–100
customer perception of
, 136–137
demographics and early adopters
, 102
environmental credentials
, 101
environmental identity, symbolism, and social influence
, 103–104
EV-related Statistics
, 223
experience and trust
, 104
ICE conversion to
, 236
influences on adoption of
, 99
infrastructural challenges139–140
innovative technologies for
, 160
innovativeness
, 102
manufacturing
, 59–62
market
, 193, 238
owner
, 137–138
pre-COVID 19 forecasts of production
, 54
preferences on EV purchase and usage
, 222–223
range and charging concerns
, 100–101
realities of EV ownership
, 137
smart charging
, 104–106
social
, 142–177
supply chain
, 56–59
technological
, 141–142
temporal challenges
, 140–141
theories of technology adoption
, 98–99
Electrification
, 5–6, 9, 34, 232–233
of car mobility practices
, 75–84
electrification-related technologies
, 195
of mobility sector
, 7
Electrified kick scooters
, 34
Electrode assembly
, 61
Electrode manufacturing
, 61
Electrolytes
, 201
Energy consumption of electric cars
, 34
BEVs
, 34–35
fuel cell electric car
, 35–36
well-to-wheel-efficiency of BEVs
, 36
Energy source
, 164–165
Energy-intensive production process
, 57
Environmental credentials of EVs
, 101, 103
condition for achieving sustainability mobility
, 243–244
effects on local air quality
, 43–46
energy consumption of
, 34–36
fine dust
, 41, 43
Particulate emissions
, 43
Particulate matter (PM)
, 44
Environmental identity
, 103–104
Environmental issues of charging stations
, 176
‘Etiquette cards’
, 143–144
European stimulus plans
, 194
EV transition
, 234, 243
Experience and trust
, 104
Ferrous Sulphate
, 39
FIAT 500e
, 64
Financial flows analysis
, 8
Fiscal structure
, 128–129
Flow Capturing Location Model (FCLM)
, 182
Follow-the-money methodology
, 192, 195
analysis of vehicle electrification investments
, 195–198
increment of amount invested on electrical vehicles technologies
, 196
investment analysis by components
, 197
Forecasting Evolutionary Activity-Travel of Households and Environmental Repercussions (FEATHERS)
, 181
‘Formula E-team’
, 79
Free trials
, 99
Fuel cell electric vehicle (FCV), 7, 35-36
Gasoline-powered automobility
, 23
General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS)
, 179
General Motors
, 16–17, 202
Genetic Algorithms (GA)
, 179
Geographic Information System (GIS)
, 181, 197
Global positioning system (GPS)
, 212
Global Value Chain (GVC)
, 194, 196
Graphite
, 39
Green charging stations
, 183
‘Green’ e-mobility marketing
, 236
Greener electronics production
, 43
Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG emissions)
, 36, 214, 239
Grid-to-vehicle (V2G)
, 105
Habitual behaviours
, 107
Hegemony of ICE mobility
, 75–78
Heuristic method
, 179, 197
‘High-octane’ approach
, 236
Hire Purchase arrangements
, 242
Home locations
, 224–227
future scenario statistics
, 225
responses regarding home location
, 228
Hybrid powertrain systems
, 192
Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV)
, 78, 222
purchasers
, 222
Hydrogen fuel cell
, 7
‘ICEing’ phenomenon
, 19, 22
Identity
, 23
environmental
, 103–104
person’s personal
, 22
self-identity
, 103
sense of
, 146
subcultural
, 23
Impact evaluation schemes
, 41
Infinity Power Solutions
, 199
Inflation
, 236
Informal support networks
, 137
Initial public offerings (IPO)
, 192–193
Innovations
in manufacturing process
, 62
upscaling of
, 138–139
Innovative technologies for electric vehicles
, 160
Innovativeness
, 102
Integer Programming (IP)
, 179
‘Intel inside’ strategy
, 65
Internal combustion engine (ICE)
, 5, 6, 54, 73, 234
‘city car’
, 237
co-evolution of ICE-based and electric mobility
, 87–88
hegemony of ICE mobility
, 75–78
ICE-EV hybrid
, 8
production strategies
, 233
vehicles (ICEVs)
, 34–35, 42, 97, 136, 140, 141, 162
International Energy Agency (IEA)
, 195
Interpersonal communication
, 103
Interview analysis
, 75
Land use
, 171
Land use patterns
, 19–21
Last-mile logistics
, 194
Learning to EV owner
, 144–146
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
, 36, 42–43
Lifecycle impact assessment
, 43
Lifecycle impact of electric cars
carbon case in lifecycle perspective
, 36–39
electric cars effects on local air quality
, 43–46
electric cars from life cycle perspective
, 39–43
energy consumption of electric cars
, 34–36
Lifecycle management
, 65–66
Liquid fuels
, 128
Lithium (Li)
, 199, 240
Lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE)
, 198
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)
, 62
Lithium mining
, 200
Lithium peroxide (Li2O2)
, 202
Lithium-air technologies
, 196–197, 200
Lithium-ion technology
, 192
Lithium–air batteries
, 200–202
Log-Gaussian Cox Process
, 180
Long-distance trips
, 123
Low-carbon mobility
, 14, 120
car culture and habits
, 21–23
car industry
, 14–19
car infrastructure, charging, and land use patterns
, 19–21
drop-in solution
, 14–16
political coalitions
, 24
Magnetic induction charging dynamic practices (MIC-D practices)
, 166
Magnetic induction charging static practices (MIC-S practices)
, 166
Manganese (Mn)
, 39
MATLAB simulation
, 182
Maximum coverage model
, 180
Mechanical process
, 202
Meta-heuristic method
, 179
Metal-air technologies
, 196–197
Metal–air batteries
, 202
Microsimulation model
, 213
Mineral resource depletion (MRD)
, 39
Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP)
, 179
Mobile phones
, 212
Mobility
disruptors
, 129–130
electrification of mobility sector
, 7
industry
, 194
Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)
, 73, 194, 242
Monte Carlo simulation
, 182
Motorisation
, 196
Multi-criteria decision analysis
, 181–182
Multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM)
, 181
Multi-Unit Residential Buildings (MURBs)
, 140
Multilevel perspective (MLP)
, 74
Multisourcing
, 57
Negative spillover
, 108
Negative stereotypes of EV
, 136
Neighbourhood effect
, 103
Neodymium (Nd)
, 59
Netherlands
co-dynamics of car drivers and manufacturers
, 85–87
conceptual framing and method
, 74–75
degree of reconfiguration
, 95
electric car mobility in
, 74
electrification of car mobility practices
, 75–84
emergence of e-mobility
, 72–73
evolving degree of obduracy
, 94
ICE-based and electric mobility, co-evolution of
, 87–88
New European driving cycle (NEDC)
, 34
Nickel, manganese, and cobalt (NMC)
, 61
Nickel (Ni)
, 39
Nio (car manufacturer)
, 205
ES6 and ES8
, 64
Nissan
Leaf
, 64
Operational costs
, 173
activity-based model
, 180–181
future trends in charging station research
, 182–184
Monte Carlo simulation
, 182
multi-criteria decision analysis
, 181–182
optimisation methods and inferential models
, 176–180
other methodologies
, 182
Original equipment manufacturers (OEM)
, 192
Ownership of charging stations
, 183
Ozone layer destruction
, 43
Paris Agreement (see UN Climate Agreement)
Parking Generation Rate Method (PGRM)
, 182
Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) 179
Passenger-km travelled (PKT)
, 37
Personal Contract Hire (car financing schemes)
, 130
Personal Contract Purchase
, 242
‘Personal mobility aids’
, 244
Phosphoric acids
, 39
Plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV)
, 79, 142, 194, 222, 232
surge in plug-in HEV mobility
, 78–80
Plug-in EVs. (PEVs)
, 214
Policy mix
, 87–88
Policymakers
, 14
Political-economic theory
, 8
Polymeric electrolytes
, 200
Potassium superoxide (KO2)
, 201
Powertrain
, 54, 197
battery
, 55
battery electric
, 54
BEV
, 55
diesel
, 222
efficiency
, 7–8
Electric
, 236
electrifying
, 63
EV
, 121
ICE
, 55
proportions of powertrain manufacturing costs for ICEV and BEV
, 60
Tesla
, 236
Practical aspects of car culture
, 22
Praseodymium (Pr)
, 59
Pre-COVID 19 forecasts of electric vehicle production
, 54
Private cars
, 15
Private Equity-related investments
, 193
Pro-car mayors
, 14
Psychological factors
, 100
Psychological theories of personality
, 8
Public charging
, 234
infrastructure
, 139–140
Public transport
, 162
Purpose dimension of travel
, 125–127
Quantitative travel data analysis
, 8
‘Range anxiety’
, 84, 162
‘Range virility’
, 244
Realities of EV ownership
, 137
‘Rebound effect’
, 236
Rechargeable lead-acid battery
, 5
ReCiPe
aggregation scheme
, 43
evaluation scheme
, 39, 42
LCA impact evaluation scheme
, 41
Renault (car manufacturer)
Zoe
, 64
Representational aspects of car culture
, 21
Research and Development (R&D)
, 194
Resources-related impact categories
, 41–42
Ride sharing platforms
, 129
Road transport
, 9
‘Salary sacrifice’ tax efficient purchase scheme
, 241
Shared Automated Vehicle (SAV)
, 219, 227
access costs
, 212
technologies
, 212
fleets
, 221
pricing scenarios
, 214, 219
rides
, 224
SAV-related statistics
, 220
Self-driving
cars, 215-227
technologies
, 218
vehicles
, 216
Self-identity
, 103
Self-presentation
, 8
Short-duration vehicle hire services
, 129
Singlet oxygen
, 201
Sion Power® (battery manufacturer)
, 199
‘Skateboard’ concept
, 65
Smart charging
, 104–106
Smart Management System for Electric Vehicle recharge (SMS-EV)
, 180
‘Smoke-shading’
, 4
Social influence
, 103–104, 152
Social media
, 236
Social norms
, 8, 99, 103
Social practice theory (SPT)
, 8–9, 74–75
Social practices
, 74, 123
Socio-demographic attributes
, 174–175
Sociotechnical transition
, 8
Solid system technology
, 200
Solid-state batteries
, 199, 201, 240
Solid-state technologies
, 196–197, 199
Space–time geography
, 8
Spatial dimension of travel
, 122–123
Spatial distribution of trips
, 214
Sports utility vehicles (SUV)
, 63
State of charge (SOC)
, 101
Storage systems, 185n1
Style dimension of travel
, 127–128
‘Sub-car’ vehicles
, 34
Sulphuric acids
, 39
‘Supercars’
, 236
Supportive EV etiquettes
, 241
Survey Sampling International (SSI)
, 214
Sustainable mobility
, 233, 244
electric car as condition for achieving
, 243–244
Sustainable transport modes
, 162
Symbolism
, 103–104
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)
, 181
Technological issues of charging stations
, 171–172
Technology acceptance model
, 98
Technology adoption theories
, 8, 98–99
Technology for charging stations
, 163–168
Temporal dimension of travel
, 123–124
Tesla (car manufacturer)
, 235
Tesla Model S
, 63, 64
Tesla Model X
, 59
Titanium (Ti)
, 39
Total cost of ownership (TCO)
, 195
Tracxn database
, 192–193, 195–196, 203
Traditional batteries
, 199
Traditional car
, 97
Traditional ICEVs
, 65
Transactions and travel behaviours
, 224
Transformation
path of car mobility practices
, 88
of practices
, 88
of social practices
, 99
Transition pathway
, 88
Transport planning
, 173–174, 175
Transport system
, 129
Transport-derived emissions
, 9
Travel behaviours
, 107, 224
Travel patterns
, 121–122
change in future
, 128
EV difference with conventional cars
, 120–121
fiscal structure
, 128–129
mobility disruptors
, 129–130
purpose dimension of travel
, 125–127
spatial dimension of travel
, 122–123
style dimension of travel
, 127–128
technical performance
, 128
temporal dimension of travel
, 123–124
Trip-making patterns
, 240
Trust, experience and
, 104
UN Climate Agreement
, 80
Uncertainty in rate of EV transition
, 240–242
Unidirectional smart charging
, 105
Unified Cell Concept
, 59
Urban planning
, 171–172
US Census Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
, 215
US National Household Travel Survey
, 214
Value of travel time (VOTT)
, 218
Vehicle miles travelled (VMT)
, 212
Vehicle range
, 10, 124, 126, 184, 243
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G)
, 65, 105–106
Vehicle(s)
, 120, 203
acquisition decision
, 215
follow-the-money analysis of vehicle electrification investments
, 195–198
manufacturers
, 55, 58
vehicle-related challenges
, 227
Venture Capital (VC)
, 193
Vertical integration and production strategies
, 56–59
Volatile organic compounds (VOC)
, 44
VW (car manufacturer)
ID
, 65
Sustainability performance
, 235
Well-to-wheel-efficiency of BEVs
, 36
Wireless charging method
, 166
Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP)
, 34
Zero emission vehicle (ZEV)
, 9, 43, 77
Zero PM-emission vehicles
, 46
Zero-carbon energy
, 5
Zinc–air batteries
, 202
- Prelims
- Part 1: The Political-Economic Context and Environmental Imperative
- Chapter 1: The Electrification of Automobility
- Chapter 2: Easy Street for Low-Carbon Mobility? The Political Economy of Mass Electric Car Adoption
- Chapter 3: The Energy and Emissions Case and the Lifecycle Impact of Electric Cars
- Part 2: Overcoming Inertia: From Internal Combustion Engine to Electric Car
- Chapter 4: Producing the Electric Car
- Chapter 5: Making the Market: The Transformation Pathway to Electric Car Mobility in the Netherlands
- Chapter 6: Choosing the Electric Car
- Part 3: Living with the Electric Car
- Chapter 7: The Effect of Electric Car Adoption on Travel Patterns
- Chapter 8: Becoming an Electric Car Owner – User Experience and the EV Community
- Chapter 9: Planning for Electric Car Charging: A Review of Technologies, Criteria and Methods
- Part 4: Electric Cars in the Future
- Chapter 10: Electric Cars: The Future Technological Potential
- Chapter 11: Americans’ Plans for Acquiring and Using Electric, Shared, and Self-Driving Cars
- Chapter 12: The Electric Car as a Component of Future Sustainable Mobility
- Index