Index
ISBN: 978-1-78754-813-8, eISBN: 978-1-78754-812-1
ISSN: 2042-1443
Publication date: 6 September 2019
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2019), "Index", Experiencing Persian Heritage (Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice, Vol. 10), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 393-406. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2042-144320190000010021
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Abbasid Revolution
, 32
Accessibility
, 249–250
Active participation
, 178–179
and memories
, 183–185
Adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI)
, 237–239
Adolescents
, 137, 138, 141
motivations and satisfaction
, 141
Amir Bazaar
, 37–38
Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
, 33–34
Anthropocentrism
, 270
Anthropologists
, 47–48
Anti-Western authoritarian theocracy
, 34
Apadana
, 31
Apathy
, 258–259, 261, 264–269, 313
and community development
, 264–270
dimensions based on literature
, 272
individual aspects of
, 270–271
meaning and related constructs
, 265–269
Architectural heritage
, 214
Architectural renaissance
, 32–33
Art history
, 35, 140–141
Art tourism
, 213
Arts tourists
, 108
Ashura (10th day of Muharram in Islamic calendar)
, 305
Authenticity
, 77, 173, 210, 211–212, 312–313
Authoritarian theocracy
, 34
Autobiographical memory
, 87–89
Average variance extracted (AVE)
, 234–237, 248
Awareness
, 6, 76, 89–90, 224–225, 229, 287–291
brand
, 225–226, 231
Bakhtiari
, 208
Banks
, 55
Basking
, 89, 96–97
Benchmarking and culture
, 90–93
Biodiversity
, 69
Booking sites
, 191
Booking.com
, 190
databases of
, 195–196
Bootstrapping
, 250–251, 252
Bourgeoisie
, 17
Brand
awareness
, 225–226, 231
equity concepts
, 225–226
image
, 313
personality
, 226
value
, 225
Branding
, 218–219
operations
, 313
Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice
, 2
Cambridge History of Iran, The
, 30–31
Caspian Sea region, second-home tourism in
economic impacts
, 280–281
environmental impacts
, 281–282
host community attitudes toward second-home impacts
, 288–291
second homes in Iran
, 279–280
second-home market
, 278–279
sociocultural impacts
, 282–283
study methodology
, 283–285
study results
, 285–291
Casual leisure
, 107
Chicago Institute & The Oriental Institute (2014)
, 36
Chronology
, 5–6
Civilization
, 97–98
Co-creation
, 122–124
Coding procedure
, 178, 180
Collective memory
, 70
Communication
, 125–126
development
, 190
heritage
, 217
systems
, 192–203
Community
, 78
community-based approach
, 112–113
community-based tourism development
, 259
development
, 264–270
heritage and culture
, 112
Community participation and limits
, 260–261
limitations to community participation in tourism
, 261
Comparative fit index (CFI)
, 237–239
Composite reliability (CR)
, 234–237, 248
Confirmatory factor analysis
, 231
Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)
, 33
Constitutionalists
, 33
Constructed assets
, 119–120
Constructive authenticity
, 122
Consumer behavior, eWOM and
, 194
Consumer-generated content (CGC)
, 176
Contact dimension
, 107
Content analysis
, 175–176, 177–178, 181
Country’s morphology
, 208–209
Critical incidents
, 43–44, 51
Critical invisible cultural heritage features
, 67
Cronbach’s alpha
, 234
Cross-cultural relations
, 114–115
Cultural heritage
, 30, 67–68, 69–70, 105, 120, 211, 216, 218, 309, 314
management
, 120–121, 216–217
sites
, 213–214
tourism
, 120–122, 170
See also Intangible cultural heritage (ICH)
Cultural tourists
, 1–2, 105–115, 311
host–guest relations and expected sociocultural impacts
, 109–113
prospects of tourism development in Iran
, 113–115
Culture
, 1, 19, 50, 61–62, 67, 90–93, 104–105, 137–138, 155–156, 311–312
assets
, 66
attractions
, 106, 180–181
barriers
, 258
challenges
, 19
chronology and heritage of Iran
, 30
confusion
, 49–50
contacts
, 107
contrariety
, 13
culture-led agendas
, 78
of destination
, 2
diversity
, 213
encounters
, 49
exchange
, 209–210
identity
, 136
landscape
, 2, 35, 73–74
resources
, 171, 214–215
tourism
, 1–2, 30, 39–42, 65–66, 105, 109, 208, 311
Currency
, 55
Customary laws
, 75
Customer
engagement
, 123–124
enthusiasm
, 225
satisfaction
, 54–55
Customs
, 19
Dark tourism. See International tourist arrivals
Data extraction process
, 196
Decentralization of tourism management
, 309–310
Decision-making processes
, 12–13, 139
Deductive procedure
, 179
Deductive thematic analysis
, 126–127
Deductive-inductive analysis approach
, 180–181, 182–183
Demographic variables
, 231
Descriptive coding
, 180
Destination
, 224
branding
, 217, 218–219
destination-specific attributes
, 125
image of
, 6–7
personality
, 6, 228, 231, 313
Destination brand awareness (DBA)
, 227–228, 231, 235–237
Destination brand image (DBI)
, 225–240, 235–237
convergent and discriminant validity and model fits
, 238
data analysis and study results
, 231–240
demographic profile of respondents
, 232–234
exploratory factor analysis results
, 235–237
hypothesis development
, 227–229
research methodology
, 229–231
Destination brand value (DBV)
, 227, 235–237
development
, 225
Destination image (DI)
, 171–185, 224, 244–253
measurement model
, 249–250
profile of respondents
, 247
structural model
, 250–253
study methodology
, 246
study results
, 246–247
Destination loyalty (DL)
, 226–227, 244–253
Destination personality contemporaneity (DPC)
, 235–237
Destination personality excitement (DPE)
, 235–237
Destination personality ruggedness (DPR)
, 235–237
Divorce
, 45
Domestic tourism
, 76, 208
Driving behaviors
, 52–53
Durbin-Watson test
, 142
E-commerce
, 190
E-democracy
, 261
Ecocentrism
, 270
Economic(s)
, 46–47, 55
challenges
, 17–19
diversification
, 276
system
, 46
Ecotourism
, 104, 208
Education and learning
, 138
Educational and multidisciplinary agency
, 34
Eiconics
, 173
Eid al-Adha (feast of sacrifice or Hajj festival)
, 305
Eid al-Fitr (marking end of Ramadan)
, 305
Elamite civilization
, 34–35
Electronic word of mouth (eWOM)
, 192, 193
and consumer behavior
, 194
tourism development
, 193
Emotional labor
, 50
Emotions
, 50, 178–179
Encyclopædia Iranica
, 30–31
Engagement
, 119, 122–124
Enthusiasm
, 50
Entry visa
, 15–16
Environment(al)
, 137–138
apathy
, 270
impacts of second-home tourism
, 281–282
Ethnicity
, 34
Ethnography
, 71–72
Evolution
, 192–193
Exceptional hospitality
, 312
Existential authenticity
, 122–123
Experiential images in photographs
, 176
“Exuberance” category
, 180–181
Facebook
, 59, 312
Factor loadings
, 234–237
“Fake culture”
, 282–283
Fars Province
, 213–214
Feminine cultures
, 93
Festivities
, 69
Feudalism
, 16–17
Flickr
, 176
Food
, 53, 54
Fruitful policy approach
, 113
Functioning cultural heritage site experience
, 119–130
co-creation, socialization, and engagement
, 122–124
cultural heritage tourism
, 120–122
memorable tourism and positive post-travel intentions
, 124–126
study methodology
, 126–127
study results
, 127–130
See also Intangible cultural heritage (ICH)
Gastronomic tourism
, 213
Gay relationships
, 45
Generic process
, 90
Geopolitical borders
, 70–71
Global Muslim Travel Index
, 301–302, 305
Glocalization
, 11–12
of tourism
, 20–22
Gonbad-e Qabus
, 37
Goodness of fit index (GFI)
, 237–239
Governance
, 12–13
Government
, 12–13, 18
control economic processes
, 14
Great Persian Famine (1870–1871)
, 33
Great Silk Road
, 163
Gross domestic product (GDP)
, 40–41
Guest–host relationship
, 122–123
Hadis, Islamic traditions
, 161
“Hajj”, Ancillaries of Faith
, 92
Halal
, 296–297
accommodation
, 298–299
airport services
, 299
destination facilities
, 300–301
finance
, 300
food and beverage
, 298
tour packages
, 299–300
Halal tourism
, 296, 297
in Iran
, 303–305
in Islamic countries
, 301–302
Hamadan
, 213–214
Handicraft production
, 15–16
Handicrafts townships
, 104
Haram
, 298
Health tourism development
, 208–209
Healthcare
, 58
Heritage
, 2, 34, 67–68, 104–105, 119–120, 137–138
experience
, 121, 183
tourists
, 108, 171–185
value
, 182–183
Heritage attractions (NA)
, 249–250
Heritage sites of Shiraz
, 5, 244
destination image, satisfaction, and loyalty in
, 244–253
measurement model
, 249–250
profile of respondents
, 247
structural model
, 250–253
study methodology
, 246
study results
, 246–247
Heritage tourism
, 135–136, 170, 171, 172, 212–214, 263
cultural heritage
, 34–37
cultural tourism
, 39–42
historical context
, 31–34
historical perspective
, 30–42
Islamic and post-Islamic heritage
, 37–39
See also Intangible cultural heritage (ICH)
Heterogeneity
, 106
Higher education
, 58
Hijab (Islamic dress)
, 305
Historical heritage
, 30–31, 104
Hospitality
, 2–3, 5–6, 312
in everyday life
, 157–166
history of hospitality in Iran
, 163–164
Iranian food hospitality
, 162–163
Iranian literature
, 159–160
Iranian people
, 164–166
Iranian religious beliefs
, 160–162
Host communities
, 6–7, 258, 269–270
Host culture, portraiture of
, 59–62
Host–guest relations
, 109–113
Hostilities
, 30, 34
Hotel performance indicators
, 195
Hotel search engines
, 190
Human behaviors
, 19
Ideology
, 13
Image
, 171, 173
of destination
, 210, 244–245
formation of Iran
, 170
values
, 313
See also Destination brand image (DBI); Destination image (DI)
Imports
, 55
Incident analysis
, 52–53, 54–55, 56–58
Incomplete formation of civil government
, 16–17
Independent (newspaper)
, 164–166
Independent traveler
, 191
Inductive procedure
, 179
Inductive thematic analysis
, 126–127
Information
processing theory
, 174
technology
, 172
Infrastructure (I)
, 249–250
maintenance
, 75
Innovation
, 312–313
in territorial governance
, 214–216
Instagram
, 312
Institutional barriers
, 20
Intangible asset
, 65–66
Intangible cultural heritage (ICH)
, 65–66, 67–78, 172, 310–311
domestic and international tourism
, 76
interaction within Persian context
, 70–71
study methodology
, 71–72
study results
, 72–76
beyond tangible
, 68–69
tourism and ICH interaction
, 69–70
See also Heritage tourism
Intangible culture
, 1
Intangible heritage
, 120
Intellectual comprehension
, 178–179, 182–183
Intellectual motivations
, 136
Intention to recommend (IRC)
, 235–237
Intention to revisit (IR)
, 235–237
Intercultural dialogue, tourism and
, 216–218
Internal marketing
, 313
International calendar (Gregorian) system
, 15–16
International tourism
, 76
activity
, 211
development
, 312–313
industry
, 156–157
in Iran
, 211
market
, 104–105
See also Tourism
International tourist arrivals
, 13
Internet
, 176, 190, 192–193, 196, 199
Interview process
, 127
Iran
, 2, 3, 7, 11–12, 70, 208, 212–213, 224–225, 296, 305
cultural heritage
, 34–37
future of past in
, 218–219
future of tourism in
, 208
halal tourism in
, 303–305
heritage tourism in
, 212–214, 263
innovation in territorial governance
, 214–216
second homes in
, 279–280
tourism and intercultural dialogue
, 216–218
tourism development in Iran
, 210–219
tourism in
, 302–303, 304
Iran Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization (ICHTO)
, 20
Iran National Tourism Development Plan
, 15, 20
Iranian
, 155–156
automobile industry
, 55
citizens
, 85
cultural beliefs
, 157
food hospitality
, 162–163
history
, 30, 39
hospitality
, 53
Islamic architecture
, 37
literature
, 159–160
monuments (1931)
, 36
Muslims
, 92
people
, 164–166
Plateau
, 29–30, 31
religious beliefs
, 160–162
society
, 14–15, 34, 43–44, 52, 155–156
tour guides
, 43–44, 51
tourists
, 84
Iranian cultural heritage (ICH)
, 212–213
sites
, 119
Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handcrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO)
, 34
Iranian culture
approaching cultures
, 44–62
economics
, 46–47, 55
of hospitality
, 158–159
kinship
, 45–46, 51–55
knowledge emotions
, 49–50
politics
, 48–49, 57–59
portraiture of host culture
, 59–62
religion
, 47–48, 55–57
study method and results
, 50–51
tour guides
, 50
Iranian Revolution (1979)
, 34
Islam
, 84–85, 161
Islamic
architecture
, 214
culture
, 161, 214
festivals
, 158–159
finance
, 300
heritage
, 37–39
national symbols
, 156
religion
, 32
Islamic Republic of Iran. See Iran
Islamic Revolution (1979)
, 17–18, 304–305
Islamic tourism
concept and practice
, 296–305
halal accommodation
, 298–299
halal airport services
, 299
halal destination facilities
, 300–301
halal finance
, 300
halal food and beverage
, 298
halal tour packages
, 299–300
halal tourism in Iran
, 303–305
halal tourism in Islamic countries
, 301–302
tourism in Iran
, 302–303
See also Second-home tourism
Jafari’s tourist immersion model
, 86
Japanese economic marketing methods
, 20–21
Kandovan. See Kandovan Village
Kandovan Village
, 118
“Karans”
, 118
Kermanshah
, 213–214
Khuzestan Province
, 213–214
Kinship
, 45–46, 51–55
Kinship, economics, religion, and politics (KERP)
, 44–45, 59
Knowing
, 89
Knowledge
, 50
accessibility
, 61–62
emotions
, 49–50, 59
and skills
, 138
Land
, 69
Learning
, 139–140
Leisure, landscapes, and learning tourists (3 “L” tourists)
, 210–211
Life
, 69
Life-enriching activity
, 93
Likert scale
5-point
, 230, 231
7-point
, 230, 231
Linear regression analyses
, 142, 144–145
LISREL version 9. 30
, 234
Literary heritage
, 213
Literature
, 69
Local community
, 258, 277, 278, 313–314
engagement
, 215
Local lifestyle
, 73–74, 279
Longevity
, 85
Loyalty
, 226–227
of tourists
, 244
Luxuriating
, 89
commentary
, 100
Market segment
, 276
Marketing
, 218–219
Marriage
, 51–52
Marveling
, 89
Masculinity tendencies
, 93
Mashhad
, 304
Masjed-e Jame (Friday mosque)
, 37
Material heritage
, 67, 68
Mausoleum of Oljaytu
, 37
Mazandaran province
, 284
Means
, 143
Measurement model
, 249–250
Medieval-style Muslim society
, 33
Memorable experience
, 5, 107, 116, 124–125, 132
Memorable tourism
, 124–126, 130
Memorable tourism experiences (MTEs)
, 87–89
Memory and savoring
, 85–99
benchmarking and culture
, 90–93
key positive savoring terms
, 89
mean scores for savoring dimensions
, 95
study findings
, 94–99
study method
, 93–94
value of vacations
, 89–90
Memory-based story
, 86
Mesopotamian models
, 36
Metasearch engines
, 190
Migration of tribes
, 41
Mithraism
, 160–161
Mixed-method approach
, 312
Motivations
, 137
motivational factors
, 137
to visit museums
, 139–140
Mozzafarieh Bazaar
, 37–38
Multivariate statistical analysis technique
, 246
Museums
, 136
measures and data analysis
, 142–143
motivation to visit museums
, 139–140
satisfaction and experience
, 140–141
study methods
, 141–142
study results
, 143–145, 147
and tourism
, 137–145
Muslim conquest of Persia (633–656 ce)
, 31–32
Muslim-friendly tourism
, 297
Naqqali (Iranian art of dramatic storytelling)
, 212–213
National economic development
, 18
National Geographic (newspaper)
, 164–166
National identity of Iran
, 310
National oil-based economy
, 16
Natural heritage
, 170, 177
Natural resources
, 171, 214–215
Niche market
, 170
Nomad tours
, 208
Nonmaterial heritage
, 67
Normed fit index (NFI)
, 237–239
Nowruz (ancient Persian New Year)
, 212–213
Object-based authenticity
, 122
Oil
, 11–12
income
, 17–18
oil-based economic society
, 17–18
Online comments
, 191
Online commercialization
, 190
Online reputation
of hotels
, 194–195
management
, 191
Online travel agencies (OTAs)
, 190, 192
Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
, 301
Organizational structure
, 20
Organized tour
, 182–183
“Paideia approach to cultural heritage management”
, 217
Parse-Pasargad Research Foundation
, 35, 36
Partial least squares (PLS-SEM)
, 246
Pasargadae Ensemble
, 35
Pearson’s bivariate correlations
, 143
Perceived authenticity
, 77, 173
Performative labor
, 50
Performing arts
, 69
Persepolis
, 39
Persia. See Iran
Persian
, 156
culture
, 32, 92, 311
Gardens
, 35–36
Gulf
, 31
heritage
, 70–71, 84–85
interaction within Persian context
, 70–71
politeness
, 54
Persianate process
, 32
Persianization
, 32
Perso-Islamic gardens
, 35–36
Photo-based research approaches
, 175
Photographs
, 176
Pictorial analysis method
, 179–180
Pictorial image
, 6
Pictorial materials
, 175
Pilgrimage
, 36, 38, 41–42, 56, 96–97
Policymaking
, 12–13
for tourism development
, 23
Political beliefs
, 13
Political economy
, 12, 15
development
, 11–12
economic challenges
, 17–19
glocalization of tourism
, 20–22
incomplete formation of civil government
, 16–17
institutional barriers
, 20
priorities of tourism policymaking in Iran
, 23
sociocultural and religious challenges
, 19–20
study results
, 22–23
and tourism in Iran
, 12, 14–23
Political ideology
, 13, 19
Political tensions
, 30–31, 40
Politics
, 48–49, 57–59
Portraiture of host culture
, 59–62
Positioning of hotel
, 191
Positive post-travel behavioral intentions
, 130
Post-Islamic heritage
, 37–39
Post-revolution tourism movement
, 313–314
Post-travel intentions
, 124–126
Pre-Islamic era
, 30
Pre-Islamic Iranian architecture
, 35
Pre-Islamic national symbols
, 156
Pre-Revolution period
, 14
Preachers Travels, The
, 39
Price
, 312
Price and value (PV)
, 249–250
Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972)
, 68
Psychology
, 270–271
and memory studies
, 84
Public participation
, 215
Pyramidal stepped monument
, 34–35
Python programming language
, 196–197
Qashqai
, 208
R-square value (R2 value)
, 253
Recollection of experience
, 87
Recreational experiences
, 121
Religion
, 47–48, 55–57
Religious beliefs
, 47–48, 70, 160–162
Religious tourism
, 19–20
Reproductive technologies
, 45
Residents
, 262
Residents’ apathy
, 258–259, 264
and tourism community development
, 259–271
Respondents
, 143
Restoration of relics
, 104
Risk averse cultures
, 93
Root mean square error of approximation, (RMSEA)
, 237–239
“Royal garden”. See Perso-Islamic gardens
Royal Mosque (Masjed-e Shah)
, 38–39
“Royal Road”
, 31
Rural development
, 287
Rural tourism
, 276
Russo-Persian Wars (1804–1813 and 1826–1828)
, 33
Sacred natural sites
, 76
Sacred symbolism
, 38
Satisfaction
, 224, 228–229
of destination
, 244–253
and experience
, 140–141
Savoring, memory and
, 85–99
benchmarking and culture
, 90–93
key positive savoring terms
, 89
mean scores for savoring dimensions
, 95
study findings
, 94–99
study method
, 93–94
value of vacations
, 89–90
Schools
, 136
Scrapy
, 196–197
Sea, sand, and sun tourist (3 “S” tourist)
, 210–211
Second generation of web-based services
, 176
Second homes
in Europe
, 280
in Iran
, 279–280
market
, 278–279
owners
, 283
users
, 278–279
Second-home tourism
, 276–291, 313–314
economic impacts
, 280–281
environmental impacts
, 281–282
growth of
, 277
host community attitudes toward second-home impacts
, 288–291
second-home market
, 278–279
sociocultural impacts
, 282–283
study methodology
, 283–285
study results
, 285–291
See also Islamic tourism
Segregated public spaces
, 56
Semiotic analysis
, 175–176
Sensory perception
, 178–179, 181–182
“Serious leisure”
, 107
Shab-e Chelleh
, 158
Shab-e Yalda
, 158
Sharia tourism
, 297
Shia Muslims
, 158–159
Silk Road
, 39, 163
Sizdah Bedar
, 212–213
Smart tourism
, 261
Smart-PLS
, 246, 250–251
Social elements
, 69
Social exchange theory
, 264, 277
Social factors
, 121
Social media
, 312
average rating of staff
, 201
average value of comfort
, 200
comments by country within Booking. com
, 202
and communication systems
, 192–203
databases of TripAdvisor and Booking. com
, 195–196
eWOM and consumer behavior
, 194
filtering
, 58–59
for marketing purposes
, 176
online reputation
, 194–195
study methodology
, 196–197
study results
, 197–203
websites
, 176
Social process
, 47
Social travelers
, 210–211
Socialization
, 122–124, 129, 145
Society
, 18
Sociocultural
conditions
, 12
effects
, 110
factors
, 14–15
and religious challenges
, 19–20
Sociocultural impacts
, 109–113
of second-home tourism
, 282–283
Socioeconomic activity
, 76
Solar (Hijri) system
, 15–16
Souvenirs
, 85–86, 157, 162
Spectrum of accessible knowledge
, 60
Spillover effect
, 108
Spirituality
, 69
Sport tourism
, 208–209
SPSS 23.0
, 234
Spyder
, 197, 199
Staff rating
, 199
Stakeholders
, 259, 278
attitudes
, 277
theory
, 278
Standard deviations
, 143
Standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)
, 237–239
State ideology
, 11–12, 13–14
State policies
, 12–13
Storytelling
, 6
Storytelling
, 312
“Stranger” culture
, 282–283
Strategic management theory
, 66
Strategy making
, 71–72
Structural equation modeling (SEM)
, 246
Structural model
, 250–253
Sunni sect
, 56
Surprise
, 49
Sustainability
, 277–278
assessment
, 47
Sustainable development
, 67, 136, 277–278
Sustainable policy
, 259
Sustainable tourism
development
, 65–66, 262
programs
, 259
Symbols
, 69
Ta’arof
, 54, 157
Takht-e Soleyman
, 37, 215–216
Tangible asset
, 65–66
Tangible cultural assets
, 164
Tangible culture
, 1
Tangible heritage
, 120
Tangible pre-Islamic assets
, 159
Territorial governance, innovation in
, 214–216
Textual analysis
, 178–179
Textual and visual-based exposition of Iran
active participation and memories
, 183–185
emotions category
, 180–181
heritage tourist and DI
, 171–185
intellectual comprehension category
, 182–183
pictorial analysis method
, 179–180
sensory perception category
, 181–182
study methodology
, 176–180
study results
, 180–185
textual analysis method
, 178–179
Textual data
, 170, 175, 178
Thanksgiving
, 89, 95–96
Time-based momentum
, 86
Times, The (newspawer)
, 164–166
“Top Things to Do” category
, 177–178
Tour guides
, 50
Tourism
, 1–2, 13–14, 49, 66, 137–138, 171, 210–211, 277, 313–314
activity
, 211–212
behavior
, 119
decisionmakers
, 75–76
destination
, 300–301
future in Iran, agenda for
, 309
government and governance
, 12–13
and hospitality industry
, 2–3
and ICH interaction
, 69–70
impact
, 110
and intercultural dialogue
, 216–218
in Iran
, 192, 302–303
Iran’s political economy and tourism
, 14–23
management
, 75–76
in Muslim
, 296
photography
, 175–176
planning and development
, 258
planning and strategy making
, 71–72
state ideology and tourism
, 13–14
Tourism community development
, 259–271
apathy and community development
, 264–270
community participation and limits
, 260–261
conceptual frameworks
, 270–271
factors shaping residents’ support
, 262–263
heritage tourism in Iran
, 263
Tourism development
, 209, 215, 258, 309–310, 312–313
based on eWOM
, 193
in Iran
, 113–115, 209–219, 314
Tourism-phobia
, 263
Tourismification process
, 309–310
Tourist(s)
, 70
cycle
, 86
experience
, 224
stories
, 87–89
tourist-generating markets
, 15
tourist-oriented reproduction-style alternatives
, 121
Tourist’s satisfaction (TS)
, 140, 224, 226, 228–229, 235–237
Trackers
, 196
Traditional Islamic hospitality
, 41
Traditions
, 156–157
Transformational tourism
, 218
Travel
, 93
career
, 108–109
encounters
, 71
photography
, 175
and tourism
, 296
Travel companion
, 142
Travel Environment (TE)
, 249–250
TripAdvisor
, 170, 177–178
databases of
, 195–196
normalizes WoM recommendations
, 125–126
Twitter
, 59
Two-step model approach
, 234
UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN)
, 213
UNESCO World Heritage Convention (1972)
, 120
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
, 163
world heritage site
, 118–119
United Nations World Trade Organization (UNWTO)
, 15
“Unnatural” culture
, 282–283
Urban cultural tourists
, 113–114
Urban destinations
, 113
User-generated content
, 177–178
Vacation memories
, 90
“Value & significance” category
, 180–181
“Value co-creation”
, 119
Value of vacations
, 89–90
VB-SEM
, 248
Visit museums, motivation to
, 139–140
Visitors’ satisfaction
, 137
Visual content analysis, motifs/objects extracted from
, 185
Visual data
, 175
analysis
, 170, 174
Visual image
, 171
Visual movement
, 174
Visual stimuli
, 175, 184–185
Visual support
, 174
“Vitality & fascinating” category
, 180–181
Volcanic remnants
, 118
Vulnerability of mono-economy
, 208
Web Qualitative Data Analysis (webQDA)
, 178, 180
White Revolution
, 33–34
Wi-Fi
, 199
Women
clothing
, 55–56
public wear
, 161–162
in society
, 52
Word of mouth (WOM)
, 192–193
recommendations
, 125–126, 245
World Development and Annals of Tourism Research
, 12–13
World Health Organization (WHO)
, 138
World Heritage List (WHL)
, 30–31
World heritage sites
, 109, 170, 177
World Tourism Organization
, 106–107
World Travel & Tourism Council (2017)
, 40–41
YouTube
, 176, 312
Ziyarat
, 303–304
Zoroastrianism
, 32, 74–75, 160–161
- Prelims
- Introduction Sociocultural Contexts
- Part I Contextual Setting
- Chapter 1 Tourism in Iran A Political Economy Perspective
- Part II Taxonomies and Typologies of Cultural and Heritage Tourism
- Chapter 2 Heritage Tourism in Iran A Historical Perspective
- Chapter 3 Encounters with Iranian Culture A Critical Incident Approach in Tourism
- Chapter 4 Intangible Cultural Heritage in Tourism Strategy Insights from Iran
- Part III Visitors’ Perceptions of Heritage Setting and Cultural Attractions
- Chapter 5 Savoring Persian Travel Analyzing Iranian Tourists’ Memories
- Chapter 6 Host–Guest Relations Cultural Tourists in Iran
- Chapter 7 Kandovan Troglodyte Village A Functioning Cultural Heritage Experience
- Chapter 8 Effects of Museum Visits on Adolescents’ Motivations and Satisfaction
- Part IV Emerging Means of Promotion and Management
- Chapter 9 The Meaning of Hospitality in Iran
- Chapter 10 A Textual and Visual-based Exposition of Iran as a Destination
- Chapter 11 Social Media and Hotels in Iran Online Reputation of Hotels on Booking.com
- Chapter 12 Authenticity and Innovation The Future of Tourism in Iran
- Part V Image of Iran and Competitive Positioning
- Chapter 13 The Impact of Branding on Tourists’ Satisfaction and Loyalty in Iran
- Chapter 14 Tourist Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty in Heritage Sites of Shiraz, Iran
- Chapter 15 Residents’ Apathy and Heritage Tourism Development
- Chapter 16 A Holistic Analysis of the Second-home Tourism Impacts in the Caspian Sea Region of Iran From Host Communities’ Perspective
- Chapter 17 Islamic and Halal Tourism in Iran Toward New Horizons
- Conclusion The Agenda for the Future of Tourism in Iran
- References
- About the Contributors
- Reviewers of This Volume
- Index