Index
Technology, Society, and Conflict
ISBN: 978-1-80262-454-0, eISBN: 978-1-80262-453-3
ISSN: 1572-8323
Publication date: 16 September 2022
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2022), "Index", Popkova, E.G. and Chatterji, M. (Ed.) Technology, Society, and Conflict (Contributions to Conflict Management, Peace Economics and Development, Vol. 30), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1572-832320220000030018
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2022 Elena G. Popkova and Manas Chatterji
INDEX
Advertising
, 42, 46, 161
Ageism
, 2
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
, 47
Airbnb
, 162
Alibaba
, 40, 56, 75, 185
Alphabet
, 56, 75, 185
Amazon
, 39, 46, 56, 57, 75, 162, 165, 185
Amazon Web Services
, 165
Analysis method
, 124
Analysis of variance
, 11
Antimonopoly law
, 45
App stores
, 184
Apple
, 56, 162, 185
Application markets
, 153
Artificial intelligence (AI)
, 1, 41, 42, 56, 69, 98, 109, 122, 135, 149, 153, 185
Asia countries
, 129
Automatability of jobs
, 130
Automation
, 140
Automatization
, 73–74, 122–123, 126
Awareness systems
, 55
Axiom
, 68
Base transceiver stations (BTS)
, 175
Big Data
, 41, 42, 85, 98
Biotic resources
, 179
Blockchain technology
, 124
Booking. com
, 57
Bosch Consulting Group
, 163
Broadband Internet in business
, 177
Broadband technology
, 23
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
, 163
initial estimates
, 164
Business
, 156, 190
interest
, 186
models
, 155
Business conflicts
, 19
in digital competition of enterprises as scientific concept
, 20–21
Business Digitalization Index
, 17–19
Business-to-business platforms (B2B platforms)
, 162–163
Business-to-consumer platforms (B2C platforms)
, 162–163
Capital productivity
, 179
Cash transfers
, 176
Cause-and-effect relations of business conflicts
, 21–22
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Programme (CAREC)
, 116
Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act
, 44
China, technological inequality in
, 96
Chinese digital giants
, 162
‘Clash of civilizations’
, 54
Climate change
, 82
Cloud computing
, 23, 41, 184
Cloud services in business
, 176
Cluster policy
, 189
Clusters
, 189
Collaborative networking platforms
, 184
Collectivism polar process
, 188
Communication
, 53, 62
Competitiveness
, 124
Complex socio-ecological systems
, 179
Computer services
, 143
Conflict
, 38, 150
of digital development
, 82
materials and methods
, 83–87
of regional technological development
, 174
results
, 87–89
in sphere of digital development
, 179
Conflict management
, 53, 82, 124, 150
history of humanity
, 94–95
inequality
, 100–101
materials and methods
, 95–98
results
, 98–100
Conflict of traditions and innovations
, 139
literature review
, 134–137
materials and methods
, 137–138
results
, 138–143
Conflict system-based conflict
, 21
Conflict theory
, 19, 24, 28, 54
Consumer ecosystem
, 164
Consumers of goods
digital development
, 47
materials and methods
, 39–44
OECD
, 38–39
results
, 44–46
Conventional business principles
, 139
Conventional industry market models
, 167
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
, 87
Corporate social responsibility
, 82
Correlation analysis
, 176
COVID-19 pandemic
, 2, 39, 55, 61, 76, 125–126, 136, 148, 150–151, 175
Crisis
, 38, 151
Cross-border data
, 185
Cross-industry coalitions
, 151
Customer p management technology
, 23
Cyberattacks
, 39
Data collection methods
, 108
Data-driven digital economy
, 185
Davos Summit
, 109
Deprivation
, 54
Design for the Environment (DfE)
, 88
Differentiation of economic systems
, 3, 8, 12
Digital age
, 69, 167
‘Digital barrier’
, 184
Digital cluster
, 190
Digital competition
, 16
Digital competitiveness
, 16
Digital deprivation
, 53–54
Digital development
, 1–2, 47
in different countries
, 16–17
Digital differentiation
, 174
Digital divide
, 95, 184
problem
, 160
technical aspects of
, 161
Digital economy
, 41, 46, 68–69, 83, 106–107, 164, 167, 184
cause and-effect links in
, 189
development of
, 191
formation of
, 186
share of
, 187
Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI)
, 167
Digital ecosystem
, 39
Digital financial services
, 153
Digital harm
, 45
Digital inclusion
, 175
Digital industries
, 17
Digital inequality
, 64
of Russian regions
, 28
technical measurement of
, 166
Digital instability
, 46
Digital intelligence
, 16–17
Digital interdependence
, 138
Digital literacy
, 175
Digital modernization
, 8
Digital platforms
, 164
Digital revolution
, 160
Digital skills indicators
, 168
Digital solutions
, 88
Digital technologies
, 41, 84, 98, 124, 160
by enterprises
, 168
Digital transformation
, 47, 53, 175
Digital inequality
, 184
Digitalization
, 2, 16, 39, 68, 72, 76, 78, 82, 83–84, 86, 123, 167, 176
inefficient management of
, 20
of public services
, 115
Discrimination of employees
, 4, 69, 71
Disruptive technology skills
, 112
Diversity
, 115
DP
, 161–162
Dynamic disruption
, 78
E-business
, 41
E-commerce
, 17, 163, 168, 184
innovative technologies in
, 139
leaders
, 57
Ecodesign Directive
, 88
Economic and political conflict of modern time
literature review
, 9
materials and method
, 9–10
results
, 10–12
Economic approach
, 2
Economic conflict
, 20, 21, 97
Economic inequality
, 1, 9, 192
Economic modernization
, 69, 70
Economic renaissance grow
, 151
Economic transformation
, 151–152
Economic value
, 152–153
Economy
, 39
with dominating services
, 129
Ecosystem
, 39–41, 98, 148
Education
, 107
Education technology
, 148
Educational institutions
, 108
Electricity
, 175
Electronic waste
, 88
Employment in STEM
, 109
Enterprise resource planning
, 23
Entrepreneurial skills
, 136
Entrepreneurship
, 16
integration mechanisms in
, 21
Environmental sciences
, 135
Extended producer responsibility (EPR)
, 88
systems in business
, 176
External factors
, 20
Facebook
, 56, 57, 75, 137, 161, 162, 165, 185
revenue model
, 161
Fifth generation mobile communications (5G)
, 63, 69, 141
Financial crises
, 39
Financial markets
, 151
Financial services
, 143
Financing of innovations
, 10–13
Fixed-line networks
, 175
Foreign trade surplus
, 9–11
Formal education system
, 107
4G technology
, 141
Four horsemen
, 162
Fourth Industrial Revolution
, 8
Freedom of international trade
, 9
Fritzy (Dutch travel app)
, 57
Functional modernization
, 70
‘G20 Digital Economy Development and Cooperation Initiative’
, 83
Gender conflict
digitalization of public services
, 115
materials and methods
, 107–109
results
, 109–114
women in CAREC countries
, 116–117
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
, 115, 117
‘Gender-based’ approach
, 106
Gender-sensitive learning environment
, 107
‘General-purpose technology’
, 143, 153
Generational theory
, 83
Gini Index
, 99
Glassdoor
, 167
Global Competitiveness Indicator
, 139
Global conflict
, 4, 58, 63, 93–101, 138
Global coordination
, 151
Global cross-industry coalitions
, 156
Global digital platforms
, 165
Global economy
, 151, 154
Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI index)
, 112, 117
Global Information Society process
, 174
Global Innovation Index (GII)
, 58–60, 139
Global Innovation Tracker
, 141
Global social media market
, 165
Global technological inequality
literature review
, 134–137
materials and methods
, 137–138
results
, 138–143
Global value chains (GVCs)
, 69, 71
Globalization
, 96
Golden Age Index (GAI)
, 129
Google
, 57, 137, 162, 165, 185
Government policies
on expenditure
, 176
on income redistribution
, 176
Government relations (GR)
, 61
Gross domestic product (GDP)
, 116
Gross National Income (GNI)
, 76
Hard drives (HDD)
, 89
‘Human capital’
, 154
Human Resources in Science and Technology (HRST)
, 109
Humanity
, 94
Hydrogen economy
, 148
Hyperloop transport systems
, 82, 148
Imitation modelling
In-depth analysis
, 19
Index data
, 168
Individualization polar process
, 188
Industrial economies
, 129
Industrial modernization
, 70
Industrial Revolution
, 16
in Great Britain
, 73
Industrialization
, 8
Inequality
, 28, 30, 95, 100–101
in technological conflict
, 99
Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA)
, 149
Information and communication technologies (ICT)
, 23, 55, 62, 83, 109, 136, 161–162, 165, 192
adoption
, 175
impact on inequality
, 174
infrastructure
, 175
sector in Ukraine
, 166
Information and technology collision
, 161
Information economy
, 186
Information society
, 63
Information technology (IT)
, 109, 138
Infrastructure conflict
, 20–21
Innovation(s)
, 70, 134–135, 138, 143
cluster
, 190–191
conflicts
, 32
Innovative development of economy
, 133
innovation processes
, 143–144
literature review
, 134–136
materials and methods
, 137–138
results
, 138–143
‘off the record’ employees
, 136–137
Innovativeness
, 134, 138
Institutional innovation
, 155
Integration mechanisms
government policies
, 192
literature review
, 189
methodology
, 186–189
results
, 189–191
‘Intellectual automatization’
, 122
Intellectual property rights
, 144
Internal factors
, 20
International business
, 40
International framework
, 185
International Labour Organisation (ILO)
, 71
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
, 9, 10, 116
International policy
, 138
International technological conflict management
, 11–12
International trade
, 150
Internet
, 17, 168
network
, 165
service
, 168
solutions
, 98
space
, 168
Internet cafés
, 175
Internet of Things (IoT)
, 41, 63, 69, 83
B2B platforms
, 161
Internet Protocol (IP)
, 55, 185
Interoperability standards
, 17
Intersectoral modernization
, 70
Investment
conflicts
, 32, 34
in digital assets
, 123
in R&D
, 142
strategy
, 95
Iterative method
, 124
JD. com
, 40, 162
Kayak
, 57
Knowledge transfer offices (KTO)
, 190
Knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS)
, 143
Knowledge-intensive employment
, 12–13
Labour conflicts
, 4, 60
digital economy
, 68–69
materials and method
, 69–75
results
, 76–78
Labour market
automatability of jobs
, 130
automatization
, 122–123
conflict in
, 123
large groups of countries
, 129
materials and methods
, 123–125
results
, 125–126
smart machines
, 127–128
Least developed countries (LDCs)
, 56, 185
Legal management
, 82
Linear regression equations
, 10
LinkedIn
, 111
Local inequality
, 179
Magnetic storms
, 39
Mainstreaming process
, 108
Market
, 153
capitalization
, 165
‘Markets of tomorrow’
, 150
literature review
, 150
materials and method
, 150–152
results
, 152–155
Measurable standards
, 71
Mechanical skill
, 136
Medium Term National Development Plan 2020–2024
, 175
Micro-enterprises
, 136
Microsoft
, 56–57, 185
Mobile telephone networks
, 175
Modelling of conflict
, 123
automatability of jobs
, 130
automatization
, 122–123
in labour market
, 122
large groups of countries
, 129
materials and methods
, 123–125
results
, 125–126
smart machines
, 127–128
Modern global conflict
, 58
Modern information technologies
, 58
Modern management
, 54
Modern progress
, 140
Modernization
, 70
Multiple linear regression
, 11
National Development Process
, 110
National maximum scenario
, 141
Netflix
, 57, 75
‘Network effects’
, 41
Neural network analysis
, 82
Non-formal education
, 107
Northern Europe countries
, 129
Not in education, employment, or training (NEET)
, 129
‘Off the record’ employees
, 136–137
On-the-job training
, 107
Online advertising
, 57, 184
Online commerce
, 163
Online communication platforms
, 57
Online game providers
, 57
Online implementation
, 168
Online media content providers
, 57
Online payment services
, 41, 184
Online sales in business
, 176
Online services
, 44
Online shopping
, 163
OpenTable
, 57
Optimism
, 143
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
, 38–39, 109, 160
Oxfam
, 63–64
Part-time workers
, 107
PayPal system
, 163
Periodic waves of pandemic
, 77
Perry Street Software
, 57
Pinduoduo
, 40
Policy-makers
, 151
Politics
, 160
Post-pandemic period
, 3–4, 53–54, 57–58, 61
Poverty
, 99
Preferential attachment process
, 179
Priceline
, 57
Product innovations
, 143
Promising markets
, 149
Public data infrastructures
, 17
Public health
, 135
Public institutions
, 150
Public-private partnership (PPP)
, 189–190
PwC
, 128–129
Quality of life conflicts
, 32, 34
Quantum computers
, 69
Quick digitalization
, 126
Recycled materials market
, 88
Regional technological conflicts
, 174
Regional technological inequalities
, 174
Regression equation
, 11
Remote learning
, 44
Renovation
, 69
Research and development (R&D)
, 140, 143
RFID
, 23, 177
technologies in business
, 176
Robotics
, 41
Robotization
, 53
Robots
, 109, 122
Robust technological systems
, 149
Russia’s regions
, 174
conflict theory
, 34
literature review
, 28–29
methodology
, 29–30
results
, 30–34
technological conflicts in regional economy
, 27
Russian companies, technology in
, 21–24
Russian Federation
, 175
Russian Regional Economy
, 176
digitalization index of
, 176
use of broadband internet and cloud service in
, 177
use of broadband internet in households in
, 178
use of ERP and RFID technologies and online sales
, 177
Russian technological space
, 174
Sales conflicts
acceleration of digital transformation
, 46
crises
, 38–39
digital support
, 46
materials and methods
, 39–44
results
, 44–46
Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM)
, 109, 111–113
Science and technology (S&T)
, 109
Service delivery system
, 154–155
Service deprivation
, 53
Service model
, 124
Skilled labour force
, 136
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
, 72, 100
Small enterprises
, 136
‘Smart houses’
, 53
Smart machines
, 127–128
Social Business Group LLC (SBG)
, 187
Social cohesion development
, 100
Social conflict
, 20–21
Social contradictions
, 53
‘Social credit’
, 85
Social deprivation
, 62
Social entrepreneurship
essence of
, 160
problem of
, 160
Social entrepreneurship
, 135
Social inequality
, 192
Social innovation
, 135–136, 155
Social modernization
, 69, 71
Socially oriented market digital economy
classification of indicators of technological inequality
, 166
features of DESI Index in Different Countries for 2020
, 168
literature review
, 160–162
methods
, 162–165
number of social network users around world as of period 2018–2019
, 165
results
, 166–167
trade turnover dynamics in B2C Sphere for 2016–2020
, 163
turnover dynamics in B2C Sphere for 2016–2020
, 163
Socially responsible corporate activities
, 107
Socio-economic commotions
, 39
Socio-economic development
, 49, 174–175
Socio-economic discrimination
, 2
Socio-institutional innovations
, 150
Socio-technical system
, 150
‘Soft’ skills
, 136
Software
, 17
Solid-state drives (SSD)
, 89
Special economic zones
, 189
Standards ensure rights
, 71
State regional governance
, 174
State regulation of technological inequality
, 177
Stationary broadband Internet
, 176
Statista portal
, 162
Statistical organizations
, 3
Steam engines
, 138
Stigmatization
, 68
Subsidies
, 176
Substantial social transformations
, 94
Supplementary materials
, 30
Sustainability of digital development
, 85
Sustainable development
, 1, 82
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
, 87
System-based conflict
, 21
Systematization
, 20
Tax revenues
, 125
Technical regulation
, 17
‘Techno-economic paradigms’
, 150
Technological changes
, 71–72
Technological competition
, 107
Technological conflicts
, 2, 98
Technological deprivation
, 20
Technological development
, 16, 41, 175
Technological discrimination of employees
digital economy
, 68–69
materials and method
, 69–75
results
, 76–78
Technological divide
, 160
Technological inequality
, 1, 3, 8, 16, 150, 161, 179, 184, 188–189, 192
broadband internet subscribers by selected regions of Russian federation in 2020
, 175
business conflicts in digital competition of enterprises as scientific concept
, 20–21
conflict management of
, 179
conflict theory
, 24
conflicts
, 174
difference of technology in Russian companies
, 21–24
digital development in different countries
, 16–17
digitalization index of Russian Regional Economy
, 176
literature review
, 9, 19
materials and method
, 9–10, 174–176
methodology
, 17–19
results
, 10–12, 20, 176–180
in Russian regional economy
, 176–177
scale of
, 176
state regulation of
, 177
technological inequality in Russian Regional Economy
, 178
use of broadband internet and cloud service in Russian Regional Economy
, 177
use of broadband internet in households in Russian Regional Economy
, 178
use of ERP and RFID technologies and online sales in Russian Regional Economy
, 177
Technological innovations
, 135, 150
Technological isolation
, 21
Technological leap
, 53
materials and method
, 53–58
results
, 58–64
Technological modernization
, 69–70
Technological nationalism
, 98–99
Technological revolution
, 188
‘Technological systems and institutions’
, 150
Technological wars
, 69
Technology/technologies
, 28, 39, 96, 179
literature review
, 28–29
methodology
, 29–30
parks
, 189
results
, 30–34
Telecommunication services
, 143, 175
Tencent
, 56, 185
Theory of modernization
, 54
3D print
, 41
Trade war
, 97–98
Traditional economic inequality
, 2
Traditional social inequality
, 2
Transformation of societies
, 54
Uber
, 57, 162
UberEats
, 138
Uncertainty
, 188
Underdeveloped countries
, 2, 8, 10–11
‘Underdevelopment whirlpools’
, 29–30
United States, technological inequality in
, 96
Urbanistic system
, 96
Urbanization
, 96
US-China trade war
, 98
‘Value co-creation processes’
, 161
Value conflicts
, 62
Variation analysis
, 17, 29, 176
Virtual assistants
, 53
Virtual environment
, 58
labour relations in
, 124
Volume
, 56
Wave of algorithms
, 123
Wave of augmentation
, 123
Wave of autonomy
, 123
Wealth
, 179
WhatsApp
, 137, 161
Women in Work Index (WWI)
, 129
World Bank
, 3, 72
World Economic Forum (WEF)
, 3, 109, 148, 154
World economy
, 7, 9–11
Young Workers Index (YWI)
, 129
Zoom (online communication platform)
, 57
- Prelims
- Introduction: Technological Inequality as a Source of Conflicts in Digital Development and the Advantages of the Economic and Legal Approach to their Resolution
- Chapter 1: Technological Inequality as a New Form of Economic Systems’ Differentiation in the Conditions of Digital Development: The Economic and Political Conflict of Modern Time
- Chapter 2: Unequal Distribution of Technologies in Entrepreneurship: Business Conflicts in Digital Competition and Opportunities for Conflict Management
- Chapter 3: Technologies as the Key Resources of Modern Regions: Digital Inequality and Solutions for Technological Conflicts in the Regional Economy
- Chapter 4: Technological Discrimination of Consumers of Goods Under the Conditions of Digital Development: The Essence of Sales Conflict, Its Manifestations, and Perspectives of Overcoming
- Chapter 5: Technological Leap Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic and in the Post-Pandemic Period: Digital Deprivation of Services, Social Contradictions and Conflict Management
- Chapter 6: Technological Discrimination of Employees Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic and in the Post-Pandemic Period: Labour Conflicts of Express Digitalization and their Solutions
- Chapter 7: Conflicts of Digital Development’s Sustainability and Resolving them Through the Balance of Social, Ecological and Economic Interests During Technological Progress
- Chapter 8: Monitoring of Technological Inequality in the Modern World Economy: Assessing the Scale of the Global Conflict and Scenarios for its Development Depending on Conflict Management
- Chapter 9: Gender Conflict as a Factor of Global Technological Inequality: Modelling and Conflict Management Through the Analysis of Women’s Participation in Science
- Chapter 10: Modelling of Conflict in the Labour Market Under the Conditions of Automatization Based on Robots, Big Data and AI: The Specifics of Technological Inequality of Countries and Conflict Management
- Chapter 11: Conflict of Traditions and Innovations as a Source of Global Technological Inequality: Social Consequences of the Innovative Development of the Economy and the Basics of Conflict Management
- Chapter 12: Technological Inequality as a Barrier to ‘Markets of Tomorrow’: The Conflict of International Trade and the Promising Directions of Conflict Management
- Chapter 13: Technological Inequality as a Barrier to Developing a Socially Oriented Market Digital Economy: International Experience and Conflict Management Through the Development of Social Entrepreneurship
- Chapter 14: Technological Inequality at the Level of the Regional Economy and the Economic and Legal Approach to Conflict Management in the Field of Digital Development: A Case Study on the Example of Russian Regions
- Chapter 15: Integration Mechanisms as Sources of Overcoming Technological Inequality and Overcoming the Conflict of Business Interests in the Digital Economy: Clusters, Special Economic Zones, Technology Parks and PPP
- Index