Academic mathematics skills

, 56–58

Activity grid display

, 75

Adaptive bicycles

, 167–168

Adaptive seating systems

, 168

Adobe Connect

, 209

Alphabet-based systems

, 82

Alternative and augmentative communication (AAC)

, 11

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

, 209

Answer-getting

, 131–132

Apps

, 99–100

ASD. See Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Assistive technologies (ATs)

, 133

augmented reality (AR)

, 7

biological factors

, 142

brain–computer interfaces (BCI)

, 7

challenging deficit perceptions

, 152–153

continuum

, 3

critical periods

, 142

definition

, 2–3

developmental delay

, 142

device selection

, 4–6

early intervention

, 142–144

electroencephalogram (EEG)

, 7

environmental factors

, 142

evaluation

, 179–180

foetal alcohol syndrome

, 141–142

high-tech assistive technology

, 4

inclusive classrooms

, 178–180

inclusive education

, 8–9

Internet of Things (IoT)

, 8

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

, 218

learning process

, 149–152

low-tech assistive technology

, 3

mid-tech assistive technology

, 4

quality of use

, 148

service and supports

, 6

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

, 1–2

virtual reality (VR)

, 7

Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory

, 148–149

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) system

, 70–71, 186, 226

Augmented reality (AR)

, 7

Australian Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF)

, 144–145

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

, 52, 126, 225

adolescents

, 137

assistive technology (AT)

, 133

characteristics

, 126–127

diagnosis

, 126–127

inclusion

, 128–129

interventions

, 128

prevalence

, 126–127

robotics

, 129–130

science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM)

, 127

Battery-operated augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) system

, 77

Behavioural support

, 103

Belonging, inclusive education

, 9–11

Brain–computer interfaces (BCI)

, 7

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) format

, 180

Calculators

, 58

Cerebral palsy

, 165–166

Children

developmental delay

, 142

early intervention

, 142–143

sleep

, 166

wheelchairs

, 165–166

Chromebook

, 180–181

Claro

, 206–207

Classroom expectations

, 103

Cluster grid display

, 75

Coding

, 132

Communication

, 33

boards

, 75

books

, 75

Community of practice (CoP)

, 182

Complex communication needs (CCN)

augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) system

, 70–71

communication boards

, 75

communication books

, 75

considerations

, 83–87

definition

, 70

high technology communication systems

, 77–87

low technology communication systems

, 71–77

symbols and symbol selection

, 71

Computational thinking

, 132

Computer-based graphic organiser (CBGO)

, 182

Concrete-representational-abstract (CRA)

, 57–58

Connectedness

, 199–200

Content Knowledge (CK)

, 98

Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (CRPD)

, 144

Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRD)

, 144

Critical skills

, 127

Critical thinking

, 132

Data-driven decision-making (DDDM)

, 186–187

Decision-making

, 33

Dedicated communication systems

, 79

Designing inclusive learning

, 128–130

Developmental delay

, 142

Device selection

, 4–6, 29–30

Digital textbooks

, 60

Disabled Student Allowances (DSA)

, 206–207

Display arrangements

, 83

Distributed grid display

, 75

District Disability Rehabilitation Centres (DDRC)

, 40

Diverse Learners

, 207

Down syndrome

, 223–224

Dragon

, 206–207

Early intervention

, 142

assistive technology legal mandates

, 144–145

conceptions

, 142

evidence-based practices

, 146–147

low-tech and high-tech AT devices

, 149

rationale for

, 143–144

service providers

, 144

valuing families

, 146

Economic approaches

assistive technology (AT) outcomes

, 115–116

benefits

, 113–114

costs

, 117

economic pathway analysis

, 118–121

future challenges

, 121

learning environments

, 116–117

mainstream technologies

, 116

philosophical approaches

, 112

Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYS)

, 110

savings

, 113–114

social return on investment

, 118–121

types

, 111–112

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

, 7

Evidence-based strategies

, 53–55, 146–147

Face-to-face communication

, 199–200

Foetal alcohol syndrome

, 141–142

Functional mathematics skills

, 59–60

Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology (GATE)

, 13, 39

High-tech assistive technology

, 4, 41–42

High technology communication systems

, 77–87

alphabet-based systems

, 82

dedicated communication systems

, 79

display arrangements

, 83

language-based systems

, 81

nondedicated communication systems

, 79–80

selection techniques

, 82

semantic compaction

, 82

single meaning picture systems

, 81

speech output capabilities

, 81

Implementation planning

, 196

Inclusive classrooms

, 178–180

computer-based graphic organiser (CBGO)

, 182

data-driven decision-making (DDDM)

, 186–187

implementation resources

, 187–189

mobile-based graphic organiser (MBGO)

, 182

overcoming barriers

, 189–190

strategy instruction and modelling

, 185–186

technology-based graphic organisers (TBGOs)

, 182

training and collaboration

, 180–182

web-based graphic organiser (WBGO)

, 182

Inclusive education

, 8–9

belonging

, 9–11

Global Coorperation on Assistive Technology (GATE)

, 13

learning

, 12–13

planning

, 11–12

teaching

, 12–13

Inclusive learning

, 129

Indian Standards Institution (ISI)

, 40

Individualized Educational Plan (IEP)

, 18, 21, 177–178, 217–218

Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)

, 147

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)

, 230–231

Information and communication technology (ICT)

, 225

Inspiration software

, 206–207

Intellectual disability

, 53

Internet of Things (IoT)

, 8

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

, 217–218

assistive technology (AT)

, 220–222

current status

, 223–224

education system

, 218–219

individualized education plan

, 230–231

issues and challenges

, 227–228

legislation and regulations

, 222

professional development

, 228–229

special education

, 219–220

specialists in schools

, 230

teachers’ attitudes

, 224–225

teachers’ knowledge

, 225–227

Language-based systems

, 81

Learning

, 12–13

disability

, 52

environments

, 31–32

Literacy skills

, 102

Low-tech assistive technology

, 3

benefits

, 43–44

definition

, 40–41

District Disability Rehabilitation Centres (DDRC)

, 40

Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology (GATE)

, 39

high-tech assistive technology

, 41–42

Indian Standards Institution (ISI)

, 40

international legislation

, 39

low-income countries

, 42–46

nongovernment organisations (NGOs)

, 39

Persons with Disabilities Act

, 39

Priority Assistive Products List (PAPL)

, 39

project-based learning (PBL) exercise

, 46

Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (RPWD)

, 39

UNESCO project-based learning

, 46–48

World Health Organization (WHO)

, 38–39

Low technology speech-generating devices (SGDs)

, 77

Manipulative-based instructional sequences

, 57–58

Matching Person and Technology (MPT)

, 187–188

Mathematics

academic mathematics skills

, 56–58

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

, 52

calculators

, 58

concrete-representational-abstract (CRA)

, 57–58

definition

, 55

digital textbooks

, 60

disability students

, 51–53

effective-based strategies

, 53–55

evidence-based strategies

, 53–55

functional mathematics skills

, 59–60

intellectual disability

, 53

learning disability

, 52

manipulative-based instructional sequences

, 57–58

mild intellectual disability (MID)

, 53

National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard (NIMAS)

, 60

technology-mediated mathematics (TMM)

, 56, 58

virtual manipulatives

, 57

Measuring participation

, 170

Mid-tech assistive technology

, 4

Mild intellectual disability (MID)

, 53

Mobile-based graphic organiser (MBGO)

, 182

Mobile technology

, 94

Multiple message speech-generating switches

, 77

National Assistive Technology Research Institute (NATRI)

, 188

National Centre for Educational Professional Development (NCEPD)

, 229

National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard (NIMAS)

, 60

Neural-controlled wheelchairs

, 173

Nondedicated communication systems

, 79–80

Nongovernment organisations (NGOs)

, 39

Ozobot^™

, 129

Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK)

, 98

Persons with Disabilities Act

, 39

Pertinent information

, 33

Physical education

, 171–172

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

, 101

Postural management systems

, 165–166

Powered wheelchairs

, 167

Pragmatic organisation dynamic display (PODD)

, 75–76

Priority Assistive Products List (PAPL)

, 39

Project-based learning (PBL) exercise

, 46

Project WeGotIT!

, 182

Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYS)

, 110

Quality Indicators of Assistive Technology (QIAT)

, 187

Reasoning

, 130

Regional assistive technology programme

, 204

Remote assistive technology services

, 195–196

accessibility

, 209

advantages

, 199–201

challenges

, 202

client’s familiarity with technology

, 208

confidentiality

, 209–212

drawbacks

, 203–204

medical telepractice

, 198–199

organisation

, 202

planning

, 212–213

remote open assistive technology lab

, 206–207

remote supports

, 205–206

research

, 199

teams roles

, 196–197

University of Wyoming’s ECHO AT project

, 207–208

virtual teamwork

, 198

Remote monitoring

, 205

Remote supports

, 205–206

Remote Tutoring

, 206

Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (RPWD)

, 39

Robotics

, 127–128

barriers to use

, 132–133

norms

, 133

Ozobot^™

, 129

unguided exploration

, 134

Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM)

, 126

attending to thinking

, 130

learning

, 130

robotics

, 127–128

sense-making

, 130

soft skills and technical habits

, 127–128

Scripting

, 101

Self-propelling wheelchairs

, 166

Semantic compaction

, 82

Semantic-syntactic grid display

, 75

Shared knowledge

, 33

Single meaning picture systems

, 81

Single message speech-generating switches

, 77

Smart wheelchair

, 164

Social skills instruction

, 104

Soft skills

, 127

Speech-generating devices (SGDs)

, 77

Speech output capabilities

, 81

Standing wheelchair

, 167

Student, Environment, Task, Tool (SETT) framework

, 5

assistive technology (AT) services

, 30

communication

, 33

continual process

, 34

critical elements

, 32–34

decision-making

, 33

definition

, 18, 20–30

device selection

, 29–30

environments

, 23–26

Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)

, 18, 21

learning environments

, 31–32

multiple perspectives

, 21, 33

needs

, 18–20

pertinent information

, 33

questions for

, 31

student

, 22–23

student supporters

, 32

tasks

, 26–28

time

, 30

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

, 31–32

Tablet computer devices

academics

, 102

apps

, 99–100

behavioural support

, 103

classroom expectations

, 103

communication

, 101

content knowledge (CK)

, 98

definition

, 94–95

implications

, 97–99

literacy skills

, 102

management

, 99–104

mobile technology

, 94

motivation

, 102–103

numeracy skills

, 102

organisation

, 103

pedagogical content knowledge (PCK)

, 98

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

, 101

research

, 96–97

response cards

, 103

scripting

, 101

social emotional

, 103

social skills instruction

, 104

technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)

, 97–98

token economies

, 104

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

, 93–94, 94–95

Tatweer Company for Educational Services (T4edu)

, 221–222

Taxonomic grid displays

, 75

Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)

, 97–98

Technology-based graphic organisers (TBGOs)

, 182–183

Technology-mediated mathematics (TMM)

, 56, 58

Technology Outreach and Program Support (TOPS) teacher

, 181–182

Telemedicine practice

, 198–199

Token economies

, 104

Two-way video communication

, 205–206

UNESCO project-based learning

, 46–48

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

, 1–2, 11–12, 31–32, 93–95, 129

University of Wyoming’s ECHO AT project

, 207–208

USA Assistive Technology Act, 2004

, 6

Video conferencing

, 199–200

Virtual Home Visiting Project

, 202

Virtual manipulatives

, 57

Virtual reality (VR)

, 7

Virtual teamwork

, 198

Visual scene displays (VSDs)

, 83

Web-based graphic organiser (WBGO)

, 182

Wheelchairs

, 172

children and adolescents

, 164–166

fixed frames

, 166

neural-controlled

, 173

participation and inclusion

, 164

postural management

, 165–166

powered

, 167

restricted mobility

, 164

school environment

, 171

self-propelling

, 166

smart wheelchair

, 164

standing

, 167

types

, 167

Wheeled mobility

, 169–170

measuring participation

, 170

physical assessment

, 170–171

World Health Organization (WHO)

, 38–39

Wyoming Assistive Technology Resources (WATR) project

, 206