Prelims

Half Title

Multilingual Metal Music

series-page

Emerald Studies in Metal Music and Culture

Series Editors:

Rosemary Lucy Hill and Keith Kahn-Harris

International Editorial Advisory Board: Andy R. Brown, Bath Spa University, UK; Amber Clifford-Napleone, University of Central Missouri, USA; Kevin Fellezs, Columbia University, USA; Cynthia Grund, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Gérôme Guibert, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, France; Catherine Hoad, Macquarie University, Australia; Rosemary Overell, Otago University, New Zealand; Niall Scott, University of Central Lancashire, UK; Karl Spracklen, Leeds Beckett University, UK; Heather Savigny, De Montfort University, UK; Nelson Varas-Diaz, Florida International University, USA; Deena Weinstein, DePaul University, USA

Metal Music Studies has grown enormously over the last 8 years from a handful of scholars within Sociology and Popular Music Studies, to hundreds of active scholars working across a diverse range of disciplines. The rise of interest in heavy metal academically reflects the growth of the genre as a normal or contested part of everyday lives around the globe. The aim of this series is to provide a home and focus for the growing number of monographs and edited collections that analyse heavy metal and other heavy music; to publish work that fits within the emergent subject field of metal music studies; that is, work that is critical and inter-disciplinary across the social sciences and humanities; to publish work that is of interest to and enhances wider disciplines and subject fields across social sciences and the humanities; and to support the development of early career researchers through providing opportunities to convert their doctoral theses into research monographs.

Published Titles and Forthcoming Publications

Pauwke Berkers and Julian Schaap, Gender Inequality in Metal Music Production

Ruth Barratt-Peacock and Ross Hagen (eds), Medievalism and Metal Music Studies: Throwing Down the Gauntlet

Catherine Hoad (ed) Australian Metal Music: Identities, Scenes and Cultures

Peter Pichler, Metal Music and Sonic Knowledge in Europe: A Cultural History

Karl Spracklen, Metal Music and the Re-imagining of Masculinity, Place, Race and Nation

Jasmine Shadrack, Black Metal, Trauma, Subjectivity and Sound: SCREAMING THE ABYSS

Interested in publishing in this series? Please contact Rosemary Lucy Hill R.L.Hill@leeds.ac.uk and Keith Kahn-Harris keith@kahn-harris.org

Title Page

Multilingual Metal Music: Sociocultural, Linguistic and Literary Perspectives on Heavy Metal Lyrics

Edited by

Riitta-Liisa Valijärvi

University College London, UK

Charlotte Doesburg

University College London, UK

Amanda DiGioia

University College London, UK

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2021

Editorial matter and selection © 2020 Riitta-Liisa Valijärvi, Charlotte Doesburg and Amanda Digioia. Published under exclusive licence. Individual chapters © 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited

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No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters’ suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-83909-949-6 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-83909-948-9 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-83909-950-2 (Epub)

Contents

List of Tables and Figures

Tables

Chapter 5

Table 1. Linguistic Choices of Finland Swedish Metal Bands. 83

Chapter 14

Table 1. Number of Metal Bands Per Country Represented by at Least Two Bands in the Verba Bestiae (VB) Corpus as Compared to EM, Ordered by Ratio. 246

Table 2. In Metal Lyrics, Latin is Mostly Found Alongside English, followed by Italian and French. 247

Table 3. Representation of Metal Subgenres in Our Corpus of Lyrics and in EM, Ordered by Ratio. 248

Table 4. Number of Manually Identified Reuses in the Verba Bestiae Corpus. 249

Table 5. Distribution of Latin Text and Reuse across Metal Subgenres. 251

Figures

Chapter 7

Figure 1. The First Block of Just Not Meant to Be 118

Figure 2. Structure of Just Not Meant to Be 121

Figure 3. Block 1 in Just Not Meant to Be. 122

Figure 4. Blocks 2–4 and 7–10 Repeating and Varying a Metal-Erhu Pattern in Just Not Meant to Be. 122

Figure 5. Timings of the Piano, the Pipa, and the Erhu in Block 5 in Just Not Meant to Be. 122

Figure 6. The Erhu and the Pipa in Blocks 3 and 8 in Just Not Meant to Be. 123

Figure 7. Times and Connotations of the Piano, the Pipa, and the Erhu during the Conversation (block 5) in Just Not Meant to Be. 123

Figure 8. End Shot of Just Not Meant to Be (Crescent Lament, 2015). 125

Chapter 8

Figure 1. Orm (2019) Ir, Album Cover. Used with Permission. 138

Figure 2. Orm: s/t, Note the Burning Castle, Hammershus, and the Worm Approaching the Coast. Used with Permission. 141

Chapter 14

Figure 1. The 20 Most Frequent Words in the Verba Bestiae Corpus. 255

Figure 2. The 20 Most Present Words in the Verba Bestiae Corpus. 256

Figure 3. Word Cloud of the Most Frequent Words in English Metal Lyrics. (Iain, 2016) 257

Figure 4. Most Metal Words in English Lyrics According to the Degenerate State Blog (Iain, 2016). 258

Chapter 15

Figure 1. Number of Slovenian Metal Bands in Terms of Availability of Lyrics. bc, Bandcamp; MA, The Metal Archives; YT, YouTube.. 268

Figure 2. Number of Slovenian Bands with English Lyrics. 269

Figure 3. Number of Slovenian Metal Bands with Lyrics in Slovenian. 269

Figure 4. Number of Slovenian Metal Bands with Lyrics Both in English and Slovenian. En, English; Sl, Slovenian. 270

Figure 5. Number of Slovenian Metal Bands with Slavic Content. 271

Figure 6. Number of Bands with Slavic Content Based on the Language of Their Lyrics. En, English; Sl, Slovenian. 272

Figure 7. Number of Slavic Elements within Larger Motif Categories in Slovene Metal Lyrics. 273

Author Biographies

Caroline Ardrey is a Lecturer in French at the University of Birmingham. She formed part of the core research team of the Arts and Humanities Research Council Baudelaire Song Project and is currently finalising the manuscript of a monograph on Baudelaire and popular song.

Flavio M. Cecchini works as a Research Fellow at the Università Cattolica of Milan on the ERC-financed project LiLa: Linking Latin. He focusses on the application of mathematical models to the analysis of language, combining this with a linguistic approach involving typology, morphology, and syntax.

Kevin Kai-wen Chiu is a Journalist and Independent Researcher. They completed their PhD on metal’s political potential at Leiden University in 2020. Their research examines the relationship between metal’s sounds and the subcultural politics, with a special focus on metal in the Taiwanese context.

Amanda DiGioia is a PhD Candidate at the University College London. Her research interests include feminist textual analysis and gender studies. She has published in Horror Studies, Metal Music Studies, and Fan Phenomena: Game of Thrones. Her publications include the monograph Childbirth and Parenting in Horror Texts (2017, Emerald).

Charlotte Doesburg is a final-year PhD Student at University College London, where she also works as a Post-graduate Teaching Assistant. Her research focusses on the adaptation and appropriation of the Kalevala, Finland’s national epic, and other Finnish folk poetry in the lyrics of metal music from that country.

Karl Farrugia is a Master’s Student in Viking and Medieval Studies at the University of Oslo. He has received the Peter Foote Memorial Sessional Prize and the Townsend Viking Society Prize for his research and is currently researching the image and imagination of Vikings in Arabic texts from Al-Andalus.

Greta H. Franzini is a Post-doctoral Researcher at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan, Italy, working on the project LiLa: Linking Latin. Her research extends across many disciplines, including classics, digital scholarly editing, natural language processing, and computational linguistics.

Dawn Hazle is an Independent Researcher, who graduated from the University of Nottingham in 2018 with an MA(Res) in Russian Studies. She is currently expanding her research into the late 1980s and to the economic and social impacts of metal music in Soviet Russia.

Elena-Carolina Hewitt is a Tenured Senior Lecturer at the Department of English and German (University of Granada, Spain). She has 37 years’ experience of teaching language, linguistics, and training teachers and has published over 70 international research articles in, for example, Educational Psychology and International Journal of Literacies.

Lily Kahn is Professor of Hebrew and Jewish Languages at University College London. Her main research areas are Hebrew in Eastern Europe, Yiddish, and other Jewish languages. She is also interested in multicultural Shakespeare, and in endangered and minority languages. She is currently conducting research on nineteenth-century Enlightenment Hebrew and on contemporary Hasidic Yiddish.

Lewis F. Kennedy is a Musicologist and Independent Scholar. He completed his PhD on functions of genre in metal and hardcore music at the University of Hull. His forthcoming publications include book chapters on the new wave of American heavy metal and notions of heritage(-making) in metal/hardcore historiography, and an ethnography of the Hull metal/hardcore scene.

Tore Tvarn⊘ Lind is an Associate Professor in the Anthropology of music at the University of Copenhagen. He is currently doing fieldwork in the metal scene in Denmark, and his interests include music censorship and conflict, music torture, as well as music and medicine.

Marco C. Passarotti is an Associate Professor of Computational Linguistics at Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Milan, Italy), where he is the Director of the CIRCSE Research Centre. He is the Principal Investigator of the LiLa project and co-chairs the series of workshops on corpus-based research in the humanities.

Gašper Pesek is currently pursuing an MSc in Cognitive Science and an MA in English Language Teaching. His main academic interests encompas the fields of psycholinguistics, second language acquisition, and cognitive linguistics.

Peter Pichler is a Postdoc Researcher at the University of Graz. His fields of expertise are European cultural history, metal music studies, and historical theory. He leads the project ‘Breaking the Law…!?’ Norm-related Sonic Knowledge in Heavy Metal Culture. A Case Study of the Heavy Metal Scene in Graz and Styria.

Amaranta Saguar García holds a DPhil and an MSt in Medieval and Modern Languages from the University of Oxford. She is now a Research Professor in Spain and her main field of research is the late-medieval Spanish masterpiece Celestina.

Anamarija Šporčič completed her PhD on Transcending Gender in Science Fiction in 2016 at the University of Ljubljana. Her research interests also include postmodernism, transhumanism, LGBTQ+ topics in language and literature, as well as fantasy and horror fiction.

Simon Trafford is a Lecturer in Medieval History and Director of Studies at the Institute of Historical Research, University of London. He specialises in late antique and early medieval Europe and particularly in the British Isles and Scandinavia between the eighth and twelfth centuries.

Riitta-Liisa Valijärvi is a Principal Teaching Fellow in Finnish and Minority Languages at University College London and Senior Lecturer in Finno-Ugric Languages at Uppsala University. She has written articles on a wide range of topics, including the sociolinguistic situation of Pite Sámi and Finnishness in Finnish-medium song lyrics.

Lise Vigier is a Doctoral Student at the University of Caen Normandy, France. Her thesis analyses the constructions of Finnishness in Finnish heavy metal lyrics, sounds, and visuals. She is interested in Nordic cultures and in the various forms of identity constructions in popular culture.

Imke von Helden holds a PhD in Scandinavian Studies from the University of Freiburg, Germany. Her research interests include metal culture(s), Norse-themed metal music, cultural identity, and autonomous language learning.