Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER)

, 4

AIDA database

, 114

Archival research

, 91–92, 93

Business distribution

, 118–120

Cross-sectional studies

, 93

Current assets

, 120–132

Distribution phases

, 3, 6

Distribution System Operators (DSOs)

, 12

Electricity and gas market

market phases

, 57, 70–72

supply chain

, 54–57

Electricity bill

, 62

Electricity directive (EC 96/92)

, 9

Electricity generation

, 5

Electricity value chain

, 5

Eligible electricity consumers

, 7

Energy Industry Act (EnWG)

, 26

Energy Market Operator

, 73

Energy Metered Accounting Platform

, 73

Energy sector reform

, 5

Energy Services Operator (GSE)

, 66–68

European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)

, 2

European energy directives

, 21–22

European energy markets

characteristics

, 32–34

co-operation

, 1

distribution and transmission phases

, 3, 6

electricity

, 2, 4, 5

electricity and gas companies

, 37–43

electricity and gas retailers

, 43

electricity value chain

, 5

energy sector reform

, 5

first energy package

, 6–10

fourth energy package

, 16–20

liberalization processes

, 2, 4, 20–23

natural gas

, 2, 4

network externalities

, 3

sales phases

, 3

second energy package

, 10–13

third energy package

, 13–16

Transmission System Operator (TSO)

, 8

European Network for Transmission System Operators for Gas (ENTSO-G)

, 14

European Union Internal Energy Market (EU-IEM)

, 13

Financial performance

business distribution

, 118–120

deregulation

, 111

financial statements indices

, 102–105

gas price changes

, 105–106

indices analysis

, 120

liberalization

, 111

methodology

, 101–102

oil price changes

, 105–106

privatization

, 111

public policy

, 98

Financial statements indices

, 102–105

First energy package

, 6–10

Fourth energy package

, 16–20

Free market

, 59

Gas directive (EC 98/30)

, 9

Gas price changes

, 105–106

Grounded theory

, 91–92

Guarantee of Origin (GO)

, 67

Independent national regulatory authorities

, 12

Independent System Operator (ISO)

, 15

Independent Transmission System Operator (ITSO)

, 15

Indices analysis

, 120

current assets

, 120–132

intangibles assets

, 132–140

non-current assets

, 120–132

profitability analysis

, 140–147

Intangibles assets

, 132–140

Interpretivism

, 87–88

Italian energy markets

crude oil production

, 53

electricity and gas market phases

, 57, 70–72

electricity and gas supply chain

, 54–57

electricity production from renewable sources

, 52

energy bill

, 60–62

geographical distribution of oil reserves

, 54

independent regulatory authorities

, 46

institutional actors

, 63–70

primary objective

, 46

production

, 48–54

regulated market

, 58–60

Liberalization processes

, 2, 4, 20–23, 111

France

, 28–30

Germany

, 25–28

Spain

, 30–32

UK

, 23–25

Natural gas

, 2, 4

Non-current assets

, 120–132

Oil price changes

, 105–106

Over-the-counter (OTC)

, 73

Philosophy, research

interpretivism

, 87–88

positivism

, 84–86

pragmatism

, 88–89

realism

, 86–87

Positivism

, 84–86

Pragmatism

, 88–89

Privatization

, 111

Profitability analysis

, 140–147

Protected market

, 59

Public policy

, 98

Realism

, 86–87

Regulatory Authority for Energy, Network and Environment (ARERA)

, 69

Regulatory Authority for Energy Networks and the Environment (ARERA)

, 63

Research methodology

as an onion

, 82–83

data collection

, 93–94

definition

, 79

grounded theory

, 91–92

philosophy

, 83–84

strategy

, 90–91

time horizon

, 92–93

Safety Oil Stock Management Organization (OCSIT)

, 64

Second energy package

, 10–13

Third energy package

, 13–16

Third Energy Package, 4

Third party access system

, 8

Time horizon

, 92–93

Transmission phases

, 3, 6

Transmission System Operator (TSO)

, 8

Virtual Trading Point

, 74