Index

Citation

Capobianco, J.P. (2023), "Index", The New Era of Global Services: A Framework for Successful Enterprises in Business Services and IT, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-626-920231008

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2023 Javier Peña Capobianco

---

INDEX

A B Corporation

, 143

ABSL

, 4, 183

Academia, perceived value according to

, 144–148

Academic programs

, 146

Accelerated digitization

, 151, 196

Accelerated Solutions Environment

, 117

Accenture

, 88, 109, 138

Acquisition, innovation through

, 86

Adobe

, 140

AGEXPORT

, 185

Agglomeration effect

, 182

Agile

, 103–105

IT

, 109–110

main elements for agile adaptation of services companies

, 113–114

and management

, 111

methodologies

, 37, 43, 47, 104, 110, 113, 119, 135–136

model

, 110–111

in public institutions

, 111–113

in startups

, 109

tools

, 114–115

transformation consulting services

, 117

Agile Manifesto

, 104–105

Agile Zoo

, 106

Agritech

, 69–71

Agrosoft

, 31–32

Agtech

, 69–71

ALES

, 4

Algramo (trade of bulk products)

, 98

Alibaba

, 63–64

Allied Global Company

, 103

Alorica

, 139

Amazon

, 57, 63–64, 86, 88, 98, 119

Amazon Prime Air drones

, 63

Amazon Primer Music

, 78

“Anthropo-conscious” companies

, 150

Anthropocentric model

, 131

clients and end users

, 136–138

communities

, 138

companies

, 4, 142

conscious sourcing

, 132–133

environment

, 140–141

human resources

, 134–136

myth of sisyphus

, 131–132

perceived value according to demand, academia, and governments

, 144–148

ways of attracting value

, 142–144

Anthropocentrism

, 137

Apex Way

, 43

Apli (Mexican HR recruitment startup)

, 85

Apple

, 86, 88, 98, 119, 140

Apple Music

, 78

Arab bazaar

, 197

Arbusta

, 147–148

Argentinian National Institute for Cinema and Visual Arts (INCAA)

, 78

Argentinian Real Trends

, 63

Artificial intelligence (AI)

, 47, 51, 53, 194

AI-powered diagnosis

, 88

global market

, 55

in translation tools

, 159

Attero Recycling (Indian e-Waste management company)

, 140

Augmented reality

, 57

Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality (AR/VR)

, 47

Authentic digital transformation process

, 3

Automation

, 50–53, 59, 63

double impact of automation in developing countries

, 125–126

Autonomous work (see Gig economy)

B Corporations (B Corps)

, 132, 143, 195

BAC Credomatic

, 134

Bank BBVA

, 55

Bank of America

, 138

BASF

, 23

BBVA bank (insurance company)

, 109, 114

Bestshoring

, 130

Big Data

, 30, 88

Big service companies

, 138

BigCommerce

, 63

Biopesticides

, 69

Bizagi (software company for digital transformation)

, 108

Blockchain

, 56, 194

global market value

, 57

Blockchain Technology (BT)

, 47

BMW (German automotive giants)

, 49

Born Global

, 24, 26, 29, 121–123, 167, 181

BOSCH

, 113

Bots

, 194

Brazil

, 32

Brazilian B2B Company

, 121

Brazilian National Confederation of Industry (CNI)

, 23

Breeding techniques

, 69

British train system

, 30

Bullseye (Uruguayan company)

, 81

Business associations

, 168

Business continuity and disaster recovery (BC/DR)

, 58

Business dynamics

, 109

Business intelligence (BI)

, 47, 56, 194

Business models

, 2, 98, 102, 133

strategies

, 116

Business process outsourcing (BPO)

, 19–20, 25, 45, 56, 71, 172

Business processes (BP)

, 22, 40, 138, 159

companies

, 30, 36–37, 43

segment

, 73

Business services

, 23

Business to People (B2P)

, 136–137

Business to-business relationships (B2B relationships)

, 20

Business-Processes-as-a-Service (BPaaS)

, 31, 94

Business-to-consumer relationships (B2C relationships)

, 20

growth of

, 29

Businesses and consumer (B2C)

, 59

Cabify (Spanish company)

, 100, 121

Cali (capital of the Cauca Valley department)

, 184

Capgemini

, 116–117

CAPTCHA

, 93

Centennials (see Generation Z)

Centers for Software Development (CSD)

, 142

Chameleon

, 108

Cheetah

, 108

Chilean Agrosoft

, 70

Chromatophores

, 108

CINE. AR Play (Latin American video streaming platform)

, 78–79

Civil Law Contracts (CLCs)

, 175

Clean Cloud

, 58

Cloud

, 194

Cloud Act

, 173

Cloud computing (CC)

, 32, 47, 56

Clusters

, 181

Co-innovation labs

, 117

Cognitive Transformation Center

, 25

Cold determinism

, 2

Colombian Platzi (company)

, 69

Comdata Group (company)

, 37

Committee, The

, 170

Communication platforms

, 43

Communities

, 138

Companies

, 168

faced challenge of remote and distributed work

, 41

intangibilization process

, 31

services

, 192

Company digitization

, 65

Competitive funds

, 179

Competitive Start Fund

, 70

ConnectAmericas

, 6

Conscious anthropocentrism

, 135

Conscious sourcing

, 132–133

Consumers and businesses (C2B)

, 59

Continuity

, 189

Continuous process

, 4

Córdoba Acelera provincial program

, 71

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR movement)

, 131

Costa Rica

, 189

productive linkages in

, 183

Coursera

, 153

COVID-19 pandemic

, 7, 27, 49, 52, 63, 69, 72, 104, 118, 124, 127–128, 159

Creative industries (CI)

, 22, 75–79

Crowdfunding

, 65

Crowdsourcing

, 24, 37

Cryptocurrencies

, 65

Culture

, 82

Customer experience (CX)

, 45

Cyberdemocracy

, 80

Cybersecurity

, 58

Data analytics (DA)

, 47, 56

Data protection

, 58

DC services

, 123

Deloitte

, 138

Demand, perceived value according to

, 144–148

Dematerialization

of economy

, 192

tendency

, 30

Denda (e-commerce platform)

, 64

Design Thinking

, 85

Digital e-commerce platform

, 49

Digital economy

, 48

Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA)

, 173

Digital natives

, 150, 153

Digital phenomenon

, 80

Digital platforms

, 93

digital platform-based business models

, 101

Digital talent

, 131

Digital transformation

, 47, 50, 78, 92, 109, 149

and automation

, 77

Digital wallets

, 65

Digitex

, 137

Digitization

, 6, 47–50, 59, 63, 74, 186

process

, 49, 53, 79, 195

scheme

, 50

DiGiX index

, 49

Disruptive business models

, 3

Disruptive model

, 81

actors in innovation processes

, 83–84

continuous innovation

, 88–91

effects of innovation

, 88

innovation after pandemic

, 91–92

innovation mean in services

, 81–83

innovation through acquisition

, 86

innovation through clients

, 86

innovation through suppliers

, 86

innovation through technology

, 85

internal innovation

, 85

outsourced innovation

, 86

ways of innovating

, 84

Disruptive process

, 82

Distributed, intelligent, disruptive, platform-based agile global anthropocentric companies model (DIDPAGA companies model)

, 3, 33

Distributed companies

, 193

Distributed model

, 34–36

companies faced challenge of remote and distributed work

, 41–45

microsourcing

, 36–41

Distributed work, companies faced challenge of

, 41–45

Diversification

, 94

Doctari app

, 68

Doctor Online (Guatemalan platform)

, 67

Dominican Republic

, 179

CSRD “Pack your Talent” program in

, 180

Double taxation

, 170–171

Drones

, 69

Dropbox

, 108, 152

E-creativity

, 77

e-Health

, 66–68

e-Learning

, 68–69

E-waste

, 197

eBay

, 140

Economic incentives

, 169

Economic recession

, 13

Economy dematerialization (see Intangibilization)

Ecosystem for global services

, 168

continuity

, 189

elements of global services ecosystem

, 167–168

financing

, 186

incentives

, 178

infrastructure

, 181

innovation

, 187–189

local providers

, 165–166

promotion

, 179–180

regulations

, 171

stability

, 169–170

statistics

, 184–186

synergies

, 180

talent

, 175–178

vision

, 170–171

ways to attract FDI

, 163–165

Ecuador

, 31–32

Education

, 36

Educational services

, 52

EdX

, 153

Electronic commerce (e-commerce)

, 36, 59–64

Electronic government (e-government)

, 79–81

Emotional intelligence

, 74

Employment

, 8–12

Emtelco (Colombian BPO company)

, 139

End to end (E2E)

organizations

, 26

services

, 20

solutions

, 25–26, 192

Enterprise Ireland

, 70

Environment

, 140–141

Environmental services

, 197

Epic Games Store (platforms)

, 78

Estonian i-Voting system

, 80

European Union (EU)

, 173

Everything-as-a-Service (EaaS)

, 30

Exponential organizations (ExO)

, 96–97

Facebook

, 86, 88, 96, 98, 119

Fair Programming

, 132, 142, 195

FEMSA (Mexican economic group)

, 53

Fifth Industrial Revolution, The

, 47

Finance

, 36

Financial incentives

, 179

Financing

, 186

Finishing Schools

, 175, 177

Fintech

, 64–66

companies

, 65

Fintech Law

, 65

Fiverr.com

, 19

Foreign direct investment (FDI)

, 12–13, 25, 162

ways to attract

, 163–165

Fourth Industrial Revolution

, 10, 154

4.0 industries

, 22–23

Free trade zone (FTZ)

, 170, 178

Freelance (see Gig economy)

Freemium

, 101–102, 194

GDP

, 8

Gen Zers

, 153

General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)

, 20

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

, 173

General Electrics (company)

, 29

Generation T in workforce

, 154–156

Generation Y, consolidation of

, 151–152

Generation Z

generation T in Workforce

, 154–156

growth of single-person households

, 156–158

rise of

, 153

Geolocalization systems

, 69

Gig economy

, 24, 37

Global business models

, 121

Global business services

, 23

Global companies

, 195

Global Delivery Model

, 7, 38, 130

Global e-commerce market

, 61

Global economic recession

, 124

Global fintech market

, 64

Global labor arbitrage

, 2

Global lockdown

, 3

Global microtransactions market

, 101

Global reach

, 27, 66, 96, 118–123, 193, 196

Global Services (GS)

, 2–3, 15, 17, 20–25, 28, 41, 128, 136, 162, 179, 192

businesses

, 33

companies

, 36, 133, 150, 186

driving factors for

, 27

elements of global services ecosystem

, 167–168

employment

, 8–12

FDI

, 12–13

fragmentation

, 27–28

GDP

, 8

global value chains

, 29

globalization

, 27

growth of B2C, P2P, and P2B relationships

, 29

intangibilization

, 29–32

international trade

, 13–17

locations

, 28–29

main landmarks in

, 6

multilatina companies

, 134

program

, 170

risks

, 28

talent

, 28

technology

, 27

Global Technology and Business Services Council

, 4, 183

Global value chains

, 29

Globalization

, 27

Globant

, 122

Google

, 57, 86, 88, 96, 98, 109, 119, 135, 140

acceleration

, 166

Governmental organizations

, 195

Governments

, 146

perceived value according to

, 144–148

Great Recession (2008–2009)

, 91

Green economy

, 140

Greenfield projects

, 12

Guatemala, service exports statistics led by private sector in

, 185

Hackathons

, 117

Health

, 36

Health Information System

, 67

Hewlett-Packard

, 140

Hexagon (IT global company)

, 137

Home offices (HO)

, 36

Homely (cleaning services platform)

, 98

Horizontal integration

, 34

Hub economy

, 98

Huli (healthcare platform)

, 98

Human resources

, 40, 85, 134–136

Hybrid work(ing) model

, 34, 37, 73

i-Voting

, 48

IAOP

, 4

IBM

, 25, 57, 140

Ideation Incentive Program

, 188

Incentives

, 178

Incluyeme. com

, 135

India

, 10, 44

Information and communication technologies (ICTs)

, 7, 22

Information technology (IT)

, 31, 35, 43, 49

enabled services

, 23

firms

, 109

Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO)

, 192

Infrastructure

, 82

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

, 30

ING

, 109

ING Group

, 110

Inherent heterogeneity

, 77

Initiatives

, 177

Innovation

, 90, 94, 187–189

through acquisition

, 86

life cycles

, 89

market

, 90

mean in services

, 81–83

process

, 83

through technology

, 85

Intangibilization

, 29–32

of economy

, 192

Integrated System of Foreign Trade, Intangible Assets, and Other Operations that Produce Changes in Equity (SISCOSERV)

, 185

Integration

, 98

INTEL

, 23

Intel, R&D+I Offshoring and outsourcing at

, 92

Intellectual property (IP)

, 186–187

IP-backed loans

, 187

Intelligent model

, 46

Agritech or Agtech

, 69–71

application per segment

, 59

automation

, 50–53

business processes

, 71–73

creative industries

, 75–79

digitization

, 47–50

e-Commerce

, 59–64

e-Government

, 79–81

e-Health

, 66–68

e-Learning

, 68–69

Fintech

, 64–66

salient technologies

, 53–59

virtual assistants

, 73–75

Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)

, 5, 164

Internal innovation

, 85

Internal tax regimes

, 171

International companies

, 139

International Relations

, 20

International trade

, 15

in services

, 10, 15, 164, 184–185

Internationalization model

, 122

Internet

, 7, 154

Internet of Things (IoT)

, 30, 32, 47, 51, 69, 194

links

, 55

Interpersonal relationships, growing interest in

, 158

Intervention strategies

, 162

Intraregional movement

, 159

Investment attraction

, 180

InVision (tech company)

, 107, 119, 152

iPhones

, 23

Israel

, 188

Israel Tech Transfer Organization

, 84

Kaizen

, 114

Kanban

, 114

Khan Academy

, 153

Kilimo (Argentinian platform for irrigation monitoring)

, 71

Kingdom Rush

, 102–103

Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO)

, 192

Knowledge-based services

, 22

Knowledge-intensive business services

, 23

Knowledge–intensive services (KIS)

, 22

KORE

, 137

Korea Development Bank

, 186–187

Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO)

, 187

Labor market

, 125

regulations

, 172

Labrador (Agile animal)

, 107

Latin America Global Services

, 4

Latin American Association of Service Exporters (ALES)

, 6

Latin American companies

, 63

Latin American delivery platforms

, 119

Latin American e-commerce

, 63

Latin American Integration Association

, 5

Latin American video games, microtransactions in

, 102–103

Leadership

, 134

Leading markets

, 61

Lean Startup

, 85, 114

Legal security

, 169

Lyft

, 100

Machine learning (ML)

, 47, 55, 194

Massive transformative purpose (MTP)

, 97

Mendoza Health Care

, 181

MercadoLibre

, 122

planes

, 63

Mesas Abiertas

, 158

MetaProgramadores 3.0

, 162

Micro-outsourcing

, 24

Microsoft

, 45, 49, 57, 138

Microsoft Costa Rica

, 130

Microsoft Store (platforms)

, 78

Microsourcing

, 7, 36–41, 44

Microtransactions

, 101, 194

in Latin American video games

, 102–103

Microwork

, 24

Middle East’s Silicon Valley

, 188

Millennials (see Generation Y)

Minimum viable product (MVP)

, 109

Ministry of Energy

, 113

Ministry of Finance, The

, 171

Ministry of Health

, 113

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Public Security

, 113

Mobile applications

, 32

Mobility across countries and regions, rise in

, 159–160

Modern services

, 22

Modes of supplying services

, 21

Monopolies

, 99

MSIVD Program

, 84

Multisourcing

, 2, 28, 164, 193

Music

, 78

NASSCOM

, 4

National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE)

, 185

National governments

, 52

National Institute for Employment and Professional Training (INEFOP)

, 178

National Telecommunications Corporation (CNT)

, 173

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

, 47, 55, 194

Nearshore interactions

, 123

Nearshore markets

, 129

Nearshoring, growth of

, 128–130

Nequi (platforms)

, 65–66

Netflix

, 29

Netzun (Peruvian e-learning platform)

, 69

New Era of Global Services, The

, 2

Nisum International

, 88

Nisum’s innovation concept

, 82

Non-governmental organizations

, 195

Nubank (platforms)

, 65, 90

Numeric simulations

, 47, 57, 194

OECD

, 51

OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (OECD BEPS)

, 178

Offshoring

, 23

OLX

, 122

OndaMedia

, 78

1DOC3 (remote healthcare platform)

, 67, 98

One-stop shopping strategy

, 193

Onshore

, 195

Onshoring, growth of

, 128–130

Open banking

, 65

Orange economy

, 75

Organizations digitization

, 48

Outsource2LAC

, 6

Outsourcing

, 23

Payment system solutions

, 63

PCI

, 43

PCI DSS

, 73

Pedidos Ya (Latin American delivery platforms)

, 119

Peer-to-business (P2B)

, 20

growth of

, 29

relationships

, 24

People’s Republic of China (PRC)

, 123

Perceived value according to demand, academia, and governments

, 144–148

Peruvian Space AG

, 70

Philippines

, 44

Physical infrastructure

, 184

Platform-based firms

, 96

Platform-based model

, 93–94

agile

, 105–106

agile and management

, 111

agile beyond IT

, 109–110

agile in public institutions

, 111–113

agile tools

, 114–115

beginning in IT Firms

, 109

challenges

, 113

clients

, 107

double impact of automation in developing countries

, 125–126

external culture

, 116

flexibility

, 108

flexible solutions

, 116–117

functionality

, 108

growth of nearshoring businesses

, 123

growth of onshoring, reshoring, and nearshoring

, 128–130

internal culture

, 114

main elements for agile adaptation of services companies

, 113–114

policies to promote local consumption and bring back investments

, 124–125

rebalancing operations

, 127–128

rise of agile in Startups

, 109

talent

, 106–107

talent gap

, 126–127

trade wars

, 123

Platforms

, 100, 194

Platforms-as-a-Service (PaaS)

, 30

Platzi

, 152

PlayStation Store (platforms)

, 78

Polish government

, 174

Polish Labor Code, The

, 174

Political stability

, 169

Portal Telemedicina

, 121

PrivacyTools (Brazilian startup)

, 59

Private sector in Guatemala, service exports statistics led by

, 185

Proactive policies

, 12

ProChile (Chile’s export promotion agency)

, 171, 179

PROCOMER

, 183

Production fragmentation strategies

, 23

Production process

, 7, 24

Productive linkages

, 181

in Costa Rica

, 183

Programadores 4. 0

, 52

Programming

, 39

Project-based approach

, 85

Promoting Applied Research in Academia

, 189

Promotion

, 179–180

Prosumerization

, 101, 193

Protectionist markets

, 32

Psychological care

, 52

Public institutions, agile in

, 111

Public policies

, 162

Public–Private technical committee for services exports

, 170–171

Quantum computers

, 47, 53, 57, 194

Rappi (Colombian unicorn companies)

, 119–120, 166

Red Argentina de RSE

, 131

Reforms to labor code

, 174–

Regional companies

, 25

Remote work, companies faced challenge of

, 41–45

Research, Development, and Innovation (R&D+I)

, 29, 187

externalization

, 92

Offshoring and Outsourcing at Intel

, 92

Research process

, 2, 198

Reshoring, growth of

, 128–130

Retina Latina

, 78

RIMAC (Peruvian insurance company)

, 55

Robotic Process Automation (RPA)

, 47, 51, 53, 194

Robotic process automation

, 194

Rockefeller Foundation

, 45

Rolls Royce (company)

, 29

Salesforce (CRM company)

, 140

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Maths (STEM)

, 9, 28

talent gap

, 126

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Maths + Creativity (STEM+C skills)

, 167

Scrum

, 43, 114

Seguros ING (insurance company)

, 114

Sensitization

, 176

Services

, 8, 187

exports statistics led by private sector in Guatemala

, 185

main elements for agile adaptation of services companies

, 113–114

Services Coalition of the Dominican Republic (CSRD)

, 180

Shop Pay

, 63

Shopify

, 63

Shopify.com

, 90

Silicon Valley

, 181

Single–person households, growth of

, 156–158

Slack

, 43

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

, 186

SmartCultiva (Argentinian company)

, 55

Soft sciences

, 138

Soft skills

, 39

Software companies

, 194

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

, 30

Solaer Ingeniería (Argentinian company)

, 57

Sourcing concept

, 23

Speedtest Global Index

, 127

Spotify

, 29, 77, 102, 106

Spotify Agile

, 106

Sprint

, 109, 114

Squarespace

, 63

Startup Nation Central

, 189

State policy

, 170

Statistics

, 184–186

Steam (platforms)

, 78

Stefanini Group

, 25

Strategic alliance

, 180

Subnational governments

, 52

Sustainable Development Goals

, 142

Talent

, 175–178

development program in global services

, 178

gap

, 126–127

Tata Consultancy Services

, 138

Tax systems

, 28

TCS

, 23

Teaching methodologies

, 176

Tech for Good

, 132, 195

Tech Giants

, 86

Technology

, 2

Telemedicine

, 67

from Uruguay to Latin America

, 68

Teleperformance (company)

, 23, 37, 45, 138

Tencent (Chinese company)

, 124

Theory of specialization (Smith)

, 164

3D bioprinting of tissues and organs

, 88

Tik Tok

, 27, 124

Too Good to Go (App)

, 142

Tourism

, 13

TP Cloud Campus

, 45

Trade wars

, 123

Transformation process

, 50

Translatina companies

, 52

TransparentBusiness (Software-as-a-Service company)

, 39, 100

Transport

, 13

Triple-Win model

, 193

Twitter

, 135, 152

Uber

, 100, 120

UN Sustainable Development Goals

, 88

Universal Tower

, 130

Uppsala Model

, 121

Uruguay

, 170, 189

Uruguay Smart Services brand

, 178

Uruguayan Bullseye (software)

, 81

Uruguayan Genexus in 2022

, 123

Uruguayan Partido Digital

, 80

Uruguayan studio Ironhide Games

, 102

US National Defense Industrial Association

, 113

US population

, 158

Value–added propositions

, 6

VAT

, 171

Vegan Leaders in Corporate Management (VLCM)

, 145

Vertical integration

, 34

Video games

, 78

Video gaming

, 36

Virtual assistants

, 73–75

Virtual private networks (VPN)

, 43

Virtual reality (VR)

, 47, 57

Vozy (Colombian startup)

, 74–75

Walmart

, 63

“Waterfall” model

, 105

Watson

, 137

WeTransfer

, 108

Wipro

, 23

Wix

, 63

Wix Payments

, 63

Wix.com

, 90

Work-from-home offices (HO)

, 36

Workana (Argentinian platform)

, 95

Workers associations

, 168

Workforce, generation T in

, 154–156

World Trade Organization (WTO)

, 20, 27

WuXi PharmaTech

, 87

XaaS

, 30–31

Xiaomi

, 124

Xpert Global Services

, 53

Y2K effect

, 7

Yahoo (Internet search engine)

, 81