Index
Sedigheh Moghavvemi
(University of Malaya, Malaysia)
Lee Su Teng
(University of Malaya, Malaysia)
Huda Mahmoud
(University of Malaya, Malaysia)
Reshaping the Future: The Phenomenon of Gig Workers and Knowledge-Economy
ISBN: 978-1-83753-351-0, eISBN: 978-1-83753-350-3
Publication date: 25 May 2023
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Moghavvemi, S., Teng, L.S. and Mahmoud, H. (2023), "Index", Reshaping the Future: The Phenomenon of Gig Workers and Knowledge-Economy, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 87-91. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-350-320231008
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2023 Sedigheh Moghavvemi, Lee Su Teng and Huda Mahmoud
INDEX
Adobe (Company)
, 76
Airbnb (platform-based start-ups)
, 3
Akamai Technologies
, 27
Algorithmic management
, 16
Amazon
, 10
Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT)
, 14, 35
Asset renting
, 14
Asset Sharing Services
, 35
Australian Bureau of Statistics framework, The
, 50
Benefits
, 13, 20–24, 26, 69, 76, 83–84
Bite-sized learning (microlearning)
, 79
Brain workers
, 40
Bridge employment
, 12
Brooking Institute
, 41
Career
, 14, 41
Casual earners
, 35
Challenges, associated with the gig economy
, 17
Codification
, 49
Colgate-Palmolive corporations
, 19
Communal support
, 2
Companies
, 75–76, 79
managing gig workers
, 68
Contest-based model
, 36
Contract workforce model
, 62
Core employees
, 68–69
Core functions
, 82
Courier services
, 26
COVID-19 pandemic
, 11, 61
Creative human capital
, 54
Crowd work
, 14, 36
Crowd-sourced platforms
, 36
Crowdsourcing models
, 36
Customer service
, 82
Decision-making process
, 16
Demand
, 75
Development analysis (DEA)
, 57
Digital accessibility and literacy
, 80
Digital disruption
, 9
Digital Evolution Index
, 56
Digital leaders
, 2
Digital platforms
, 2–3, 6, 10, 13, 33, 67–68
Digital skills
, 66
policy to increase
, 80
Digital start-ups
, 19
Digital technologies
, 10
Digital transformation
, 2
Digitalisation of Knowledge Work
, 80
Distributed micro-task models
, 36
Dot-com revolution concept
, 1
Drivers of knowledge economy
, 49
e-knowledge networks
, 53
eBay
, 10
Economic growth
, 74
in Malaysia
, 82
Economics of knowledge
, 49
Education
, 53–54, 77
system
, 78
Embodiment
, 56
Employees
, 11
Employees Provident Fund (EPF)
, 83
Employment relationships
, 22
Ernst & Young corporations
, 19
Evaluation system
, 16–17
Explicit knowledge
, 45, 49
External workforce
, 4
Fibre optic cable
, 78
Financially strapped workers
, 35
Fiverr
, 36
Fiverr.com
, 15
Flexible Fund
, 80
Foreign direct investment (FDI)
, 49
Free agents
, 35
Free-market system
, 2
Freelance gigs
, 83
Freelancers
, 15
Freelancers.com
, 3, 15, 36
Gender
, 81
disparities
, 81
Gig economy
, 1–5, 13, 33, 37–38, 40–42, 62, 76
(see also Knowledge economy; Knowledge-based gig economy)
business perspectives
, 19–21
categories of gig workers
, 13–15
cons of
, 83–84
economic benefit
, 17–19
ecosystem
, 12–13
emotional issues
, 24–25
evaluation system and impact
, 16–17
gig economy opportunities and challenges
, 17
Indonesia
, 25–27
legal issues
, 23–24
need to regulate
, 84–85
platforms
, 15–16
risk/challenges
, 21–23
skills/lifelong learning
, 21
trends
, 11–12
work identity
, 25
Gig global ecosystem
cons of gig economy
, 83–84
demand and supply of gig workers
, 75–76
Malaysia
, 82
Malaysian Gig Economy
, 82–83
need to regulate gig economy
, 84–85
preparing workforce for knowledge-based gig economy
, 76–77
roadmap for knowledge-based gig economy
, 77–82
Gig professional worker
, 6
Gig work
, 33
Gig workers
, 6, 12–13, 16, 20–22, 24, 40, 46, 62, 79
(see also Knowledge workers)
categories of
, 13–15
characteristics
, 47
clients and
, 34
within companies management
, 68
create knowledge
, 40
economic and social impact dimension
, 52
education
, 53–54
four pillars of
, 48
human capital dimension
, 51–52
ICT
, 52
informal economy and gig economy
, 40–42
innovation and entrepreneurship
, 51
intellectual capital
, 54
KEI
, 56–57
key factors
, 53
knowledge management
, 54–56
professional gig worker/knowledge worker
, 38–39
required skills and assets for future of work
, 39–40
talent economy
, 37–38
transaction to
, 47–51
types of
, 34–37
Gigification of knowledge work
, 80
Gigs
, 5, 12
Global Gig-Economy Index
, 3
Global Innovation Index (CII)
, 57
Globalisation
, 49
GoDaddy (Company)
, 76
Gojek company
, 25
Government
, 77
policy
, 81
Grab company
, 25
Guru
, 3
Handmade Goods
, 35
Hard skills
, 78
High speed mobile connections
, 78
High-level expertise
, 79
High-speed fixed internet connections
, 78
Household
, 35
Human capital
, 54
Human knowledge
, 45
Human resources
, 82
Impact
, 16–17
Independent contractors
, (see Gig workers)
Independent employees
, 15
Independent professionals
, 68–69
Independent workers
, 10
Indonesia
gig economy ecosystem
, 25, 28
internet penetration/digital divide
, 27
outlook for
, 27–28
Industrial Revolution 4.0
, 41
Informal economy
, 40–42
Information and communication technology (ICT)
, 46, 49, 52, 64
Information revelation
, 49
Innovation Systems
, 81
Innovative human capital
, 54
Intellectual capital
, 54
International Labour Market
, 80
Internet
, 27
access
, 78
Investment in knowledge
, 77
J&T Express
, 26
Japanese businesses revolutionised supply chains
, 1
Justin-time manufacturing concept
, 1
KBUD initiatives
, 82
Knowledge
city
, 47
gig workers create
, 40
knowledge-based economy
, 52
management
, 54–56
related labour
, 48
transactions
, 63
Knowledge Age
, 73
Knowledge Assessment Methodology, The
, 53
Knowledge economy
, 6, 46, 54, 62, 64
(see also Gig economy)
characteristics
, 47
concept
, 34
economic and social impact dimension
, 52
education
, 53–54
foundation initiatives for
, 82
four pillars of
, 48
of gig workers
, 75
heart of
, 63
human capital dimension
, 51–52
ICT
, 52
innovation and entrepreneurship
, 51
intellectual capital
, 54
KEI
, 56–57
key factors
, 53
knowledge management
, 54–56
transaction to
, 47–51
Knowledge workers
, 6, 55, 62–63, 74
(see also Gig workers)
management
, 64–66
professional gig worker/knowledge worker
, 38–39
Knowledge-based gig economy
digital platforms/platform economy
, 67–68
economic and social benefits
, 68
managing change
, 63–64
managing gig workers within companies
, 68
managing knowledge workers and professional gig workers
, 64–66
preparing workforce for
, 76–77
professional gig workers
, 66–67
roadmap for
, 77–82
transferring to knowledge-based gig economy
, 63
workforce trends and digital skills
, 66
Knowledge-Economy Index (KEI)
, 56–57
Knowledge-intensive business services
, 82
Knowledge-intensive digital platforms
, 69
Knowledge-intensive tasks
, 68
Labour
core employees
, 68
independent professionals
, 68
process
, 65
routine workers
, 68
types of
, 68
Labour market
, 1–2, 5, 9–10, 18, 21, 25, 51, 57, 68, 77
Lalamove
, 26
Learning
, 69
agility concept
, 39
Legal
, 5, 21–22, 51
documents
, 27
issues
, 23–24
services
, 40
Liquid workforce
, 12, 40
Location-based low-skill gig work jobs
, 67
Location-based work
, 35
Location-independent work
, 35
Long-term
contract basis
, 37
employees
, 2
goals
, 46
growth
, 22
planning
, 1
plans
, 82
Low-income countries
, 3
Low-skill employment
, 17
Low-skilled work
, 66
Lyft (platform-based start-ups)
, 3
Malaysia
Draft National Industry Policy Framework
, 79
gig global ecosystem
, 82
Malaysian Gig Economy
, 82–83
Malaysian government
, 84
Management control
, 65
Management knowledge of labour process
, 65
Meploy
, 67
Microsoft (Company)
, 76
Microwork
, 14
Mid-to-Long-Term National Education Development Program
, 57
Middle-income countries
, 3
Ministry of Higher Education's National Economic Reform Plan Career Advancement Programme (KPT-CAP)
, 84
Models for knowledge transformation
, 55
Motorcycle taxis
, 25
Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC)
, 82
National Information and Communication Technology Agenda (NITA)
, 82
Neo-classical economics
, 63
Non-core jobs
, 75
Nordic Innovation report, The
, 67
Ojek
, 25
On-demand economy
, 13
On-demand gig employment
, 36
On-demand jobs via apps
, 14
Online freelancing platforms
, 68, 74
Online Labour Index projects
, 76, 83
Online platforms
, 42
Onsite platforms
, 36
Opportunities and challenges, gig economy
, 17
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
, 46
Organisations
, 10
Payoneer study
, 76
Permanent employees
, 11
Pillars of knowledge economy
, 48
Platform economy
, 2, 6, 13, 67–68
Platform-based market
, 68
Platforms
, 36
Policy-makers
, 1–2
Political economy
, 81
PricewaterhouseCoopers corporations
, 19
Principles of Scientific Management
, 64
Productivity
, 63
of labours
, 64
Professional gig workers
, 2, 20, 66–67, 74
management
, 64–66
professional gig worker/knowledge worker
, 38–39
Professional Networks
, 80–81
Professional Services
, 35
Professional workers
, 40
Project-based gigs
, 83
Public sector
, 76
Regulation
, 9–10, 23–24, 74, 81, 84
Reluctants
, 35
Remote gig employment
, 14
Remote gig worker
, 14–15
Reskilling
, 21, 79, 81
Ride-hailing companies
, 25
Roadmap for knowledge-based gig economy
, 77–82
Routine workers
, 68
Sharing economy
, 82
Short-term
contract basis
, 37
employees
, 2
goals
, 46
growth
, 22
planning
, 1
plans
, 82
Skilled workers
, 66
recurrent sourcing of
, 69
Skills-based management methods
, 65
Socialisation
, 56
Tacit knowledge
, 45, 49
Talent economy
, 37–38
Taylor's principle of Scientific Management
, 63
Technological transformation
, 66
Technology
, 1
Temporary workers
, 6, 10–11, 20
Tertiary-educated workforce
, 68
Transaction-based Services
, 35
Trends in gig economy
, 11–12
Truelancer corporations
, 19
Types
of gig workers
, 34–37
of knowledge
, 45
Uber (platform-based start-ups)
, 3, 67
company
, 25
drivers
, 17
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
, 18
Upskilling
, 21, 79–81
Upwork
, 3, 14–15, 36
Upwork.com
, 15
Wall Street Journal (WSJ)
, 11
Work
, 12
on demand
, 14, 36
identity
, 25
Work Bank Institute
, 48
Worker power
, 81
Workforce
development programmes
, 79–80
global trends
, 74
preparing workforce for knowledge-based gig economy
, 76–77
trends
, 66
World Bank index
, 56
World Bank, The
, 48