Index

Citation

Chadda, I. (2023), "Index", Social Sector Development and Inclusive Growth in India (Diverse Perspectives on Creating a Fairer Society), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-186-820231010

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2023 Ishu Chadda

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INDEX

Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana (AMBI)

, 192

Abject poverty

, 58–59

Above the poverty line (APL)

, 105

Absolute poverty

, 58–59

Absolute pro-poor growth

, 33

Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP)

, 140

Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP)

, 14, 74, 79–81

Accessibility to potable drinking water and sanitation

, 189

Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs)

, 135

Accumulation

, 3

Advocacy of inclusive growth in India

, 37

Akaike information criterion (AIC)

, 152

Alternate hypothesis

, 56

Alternative and Innovative Education (AIE)

, 76

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

, 145

Anganwadi Centres (AWCs)

, 15, 74

Anganwadi helpers (AWHs)

, 74

Anganwadi workers (AWWs)

, 74

Annapoorna Anna Yojana

, 105

Annapurna Yojana (1999)

, 16, 105

Annual Budgets

, 42

Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)

, 16, 95–97, 105, 134

Asset generation

, 10

Augmented Dickey–Fuller test (ADF test)

, 54, 150

Auto regressive lag model

, 150–162, 175–185

Auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL)

Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL model)

, 39, 42, 55–57, 150–152

Ayushman Bharat Mission

, 194

Ayushman Bharat National Health Protection Mission

, 194

Backward stepwise multiple regression analysis

, 142

Bartlett’s test of sphericity

, 47, 129

Below the poverty line (BPL)

, 70, 105

Bharat Nirman Programme (BNP)

, 17, 73–74

Block development officer (BDO)

, 13

Booms

, 24

Breusch–Godfrey serial correlation LM test

, 56–57, 152–154

Breusch–Pagan–Godfrey heteroskedasticity test

, 56–57, 152, 154

Capital

, 2

accumulation

, 1

resources

, 1

Central government expenditure

, 20

Chronic poverty

, 21, 37, 137

Classical development economics

, 23

Classical economists

, 23

Coefficient of variation

, 42–46

Cointegration test

, 56

Collinearity statistics

, 148

Common Minimum Programme of the Government

, 16

Community development

, 13

Community Development Programme (CDP)

, 13–14, 68–70

Community health centres (CHCs)

, 70

Community sanitary complexes (CSC)

, 82

Component loadings

, 47, 49

Composite index of inclusive growth as dependent variable

, 58–62

Compound growth rates

, 46

Constant

, 50–51

Construction workers

, 65

Cooperation

, 26

Depressions

, 24

Descriptive statistical analysis

, 129

Destitution, elimination of

, 58

Development

, 23–24

planning in India

, 20

Diagnostic tests

, 152–156

Direct benefit transfer (DBT)

, 175, 191

Discrimination in India

, 28

Disparities in income

, 59

Distributive policies

, 39

District Industries Centres (DICs)

, 86

District Rural Development Agency (DRDA)

, 84

Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP)

, 14

Durbin–Watson statistics

, 51

Durbin–Watson test (DW test)

, 145

Eastern strategy

, 12, 26

Economic development

, 1–2, 5, 34, 38

Economic growth

, 1, 3, 24–25, 41, 125

(see also Inclusive growth)

via productive employment

, 19

Economic inclusion

, 60–61

Economic services

, 9

Economic Surveys

, 42

Economic welfare

, 3

Economic well-being

, 5

Economically weaker sections (EWS)

, 188

Education

, 8, 25, 38, 74–79, 188

Education and Health-related Programmes

, 30

Educational Guarantee Scheme (EGS)

, 76

Eigenvalue

, 48

Eighth Five-year Plan (FYP)

, 7, 16

Eleventh FYP

, 17–18

Employment

, 38, 188

employment-intensive growth

, 4

generation

, 10, 37, 190

opportunities

, 34

Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS)

, 87, 191

Employment Guarantee Scheme

, 190

Empowered Action Group (EAG)

, 77

Empowerment

, 26

Endemic deprivation

, 28

Endogenous growth theory

, 2, 24

Entrepreneur

, 2

Equal opportunity

, 34

Equality

, 26

Equitable distribution

, 4

Equity

, 17, 26, 34

Error correction mechanism (ECM)

, 158

Escalating returns concept

, 1

Expanding returns model

, 3

Expenditure incurred on different components of social sector development

, 62

F-test

, 51

Fair opportunities for employment options

, 59

Fair price shops (FPS)

, 105

Family welfare schemes

, 74–79

Financial inclusion

, 40

Five Year Plans

, 100–106

Food Corporation of India (FCI)

, 95

Food for Work Programme

, 30, 190

Food grains

, 66

Food storage and warehousing

, 95–97

Fourth FYP

, 13–14

Free disposable hull (FDH)

, 32

Funds

, 30

Gender balance in parliament

, 61

Gender parity index (GPI)

, 61

Gini coefficient

, 59

GNP deflators

, 42

Government of India

, 15, 20

Government spending on social sector and inclusive growth

, 142–150

Government websites

, 42

Gram Panchayat

, 196

Granger causality test

, 39

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 7, 29, 100, 133

Gross enrolment ratio

, 63

Head count ratio

, 59

Health

, 8, 25, 74–79

infrastructure

, 189

Healthcare infrastructure

, 63

High Yielding Varieties Programme (HYVP)

, 14, 93–95

Housing

development

, 188–189

schemes

, 64

and Urban Development Programmes

, 29–30, 83–84

Human capital

, 1–4, 24

accumulation

, 2, 24

investment in

, 5

Human development

, 3, 21, 24, 26

approach

, 12

dimensions of growth

, 1–3, 23–25

measures

, 5–8

social sector and

, 9–10

social welfare and

, 25–27

Human development index (HDI)

, 5, 26

and components

, 6

Human Development Reports (HDRs)

, 61

Human health

, 2

Human-centric approach

, 4

Inclusive approach

, 7–8

Inclusive growth

, 125, 140

constructing composite index of India’s inclusive growth

, 127–138

contribution

, 141–185

dimensions

, 18–19

government measures

, 190–194

index

, 48–49

in India

, 18–19, 36–40

Inclusive growth

, 33–36

Inclusiveness

, 34, 38, 140

Inclusivity of growth

, 35

Income-led approach

, 28

India

economic reforms

, 106–124

inclusive growth in

, 18–19

social sector development programmes in

, 12–17

social sector development scenario in

, 10–12

Indian economy

, 11–12

Indian Human Development Report (IHDR)

, 5

Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)

, 15, 74, 83

Individual household latrines (IHHL)

, 82

Inequality

, 28, 38

Innovations

, 2

Institutional dimensions

, 19

Intangible assets

, 2

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)

, 15, 30, 74–75, 140

Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)

, 15, 30, 84–85

Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI)

, 192

Intensive Agricultural Area Programme (IAAP)

, 14, 92–93

Intensive Agriculture Development Programme (IADP)

, 14, 90

Intercept

, 50–51

International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS)

, 63

International Labour Office (ILO)

, 27

Investment

, 1

Japanese encephalitis (JE)

, 192

Jarque–Bera normality test (JB normality test)

, 56–57, 152, 155

Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY)

, 87, 191

Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY)

, 83, 191

Johansen cointegration test

, 39

Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure (KMO measure)

, 47, 129

Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)

, 86

Labour

, 2

proportion of men and women participate in labour force

, 60

Labour force participation rate (LFPR)

, 60

Lag length selection criteria

, 152

Laissez-faire economy

, 23

Latent root

, (see Eigenvalue)

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

, 192

Litres per capita per day (LPCD)

, 80

Lopsided development

, 12

Lorenz curve

, 59

Lower income groups (LIG)

, 188

Mahalanobis’ strategy

, 17

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

, 17, 87–89, 190–191

employment creation programme

, 60

Mahila Samakhya Programme

, 15

Marginalised groups

, 39

Measles-rubella vaccine (MR vaccine)

, 192

Micro-enterprises

, 87

Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDM Scheme)

, 16, 30, 75–76, 140

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

, 16, 63, 73

Minimum Needs Programme (MNP)

, 14, 70–72

Minimum support price (MSP)

, 174

Ministry for Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation

, 17

Ministry of Human Development

, 42

Ministry of Rural Development

, 15

Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI)

, 42, 59

Mission Indradhanusha

, 192

Mixed reference period (MRP)

, 59

Modified mixed reference period (MMRP)

, 59

Multicollinearity

, 148

Multiple Cropping Programme

, 14

Nalagarh Committee

, 90

Nation Food Security Act (NFSA)

, 96

National Common Minimum Programme (NCMP)

, 73

National Drinking Water Mission (NDWM)

, 15

National Family Benefit Scheme

, 30

National Food for Work Programme

, 87

National Old Age Pension Scheme

, 16, 30

National Policy on Education (1986)

, 15

National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NPNSPE)

, 76

National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP)

, 80–81, 140

National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGP)

, 140

National Rural Employment Programme (NREP)

, 15, 83, 190–191

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)

, 17, 77–78, 134, 140

Nehruvian approach to development

, 11–12

Nehruvian/Mahalanobis model

, 10

Neoclassical growth model

, 2

Neoclassical theory

, 1

Ninth FYP

, 16

Nirmal Bharat Abhiyaan (NBA)

, 16, 82, 196

Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP)

, 82

Non-economic variables

, 24

Non-parametric methods

, 32

Non-standardised inclusive development index

, 50

Null hypothesis

, 56

Nutrition

, 8

On-the-job training

, 7, 25

Operation Black Board

, 30

Ordinary least square (OLS)

, 46

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

, 128

Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs)

, 81, 196

Parametric methods

, 32

Participatory democratic system

, 38, 140

Personal well-being

, 5

Phillips–Perron test (PP test)

, 54, 150

Physical capital

, 1, 24

accumulation

, 2, 24

Planned economy

, 8

Planning Commission

, 13

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)

, 192

Potable water

, 64

Poverty

, 8, 28, 38, 41, 58

alleviation programmes

, 10, 187

elimination

, 190

eradication programmes

, 187

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)

, 16, 140

Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY)

, 194

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)

, 191–192

Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Beema Yojana (PMJJBY)

, 192

Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana

, 194

Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY)

, 193–194

Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)

, 192

Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)

, 192

Primary health centres (PHCs)

, 70

Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)

, 86–87

Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)

, 86–87

Principal component

, 47

Principal component analysis (PCA)

, 42, 47–50

Principal development strategy in India

, 187

Pro-poor growth

, 18, 125–126

Profit

, 1

Project implementation plan (PIP)

, 82

Promotional measures

, 10

Protective measures

, 10

Public Allocation Ratio (PAR)

, 29

Public distribution system (PDS)

, 30, 68, 105, 135, 174

Public health

, 63–64

Punjab Women Empowerment Package (PWEP)

, 189

Pupil teacher ratio

, 63

Quality of Life Index (QLI)

, 7

Rajeev Awas Yojana (RAY)

, 17, 83–84, 140

Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM)

, 15

Ramsey RESET test

, 56–57, 152, 154–155

Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)

, 193

Real GDP

, 39

Regression analysis

, 142–150, 162–175

Regression coefficient

, 51

Relative pro-poor growth

, 33

Reserved classes, political representation by

, 61–62

Reserved group, overall enrolment for

, 61

Rogi Kalyan Samitis

, 135

Rural development

, 90–95

in India

, 140

Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP)

, 86

Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP)

, 15, 83, 191

Rural population, benefits provided to

, 65

Rural poverty rate

, 66

SAARC

, 73

Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan

, 193

Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)

, 87, 134, 191

Sampoorna Gramin Yojana

, 30

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)

, 16, 76–77, 140, 193

Scheduled Caste (SC)

, 48, 125, 148

Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes (SCs/STs)

, 83

Scheduled Tribe (ST)

, 48, 125, 148

Schooling

, 7

Schumpeterian growth theory

, 2, 24

Schwarz Bayesian criterion

, 152

Scoring system

, 127–128

Scree Plot

, 48

Security

, 26

in market

, 34

Sen-Bhagwati debate

, 99–100

Sen’s social sector development approach

, 12

Seventh FYP

, 15

Sewage treatments, provision of

, 64

Shiksha Sahyog Yojana (2001)

, 16

Sixth FYP

, 15

Slope

, 51

Social allocation ratio (SAR)

, 28–29

Social expenditure-led approach

, 28

Social inclusion

, 40, 60–61

Social infrastructure

, 8

Social Priority Ratio (SPR)

, 29

Social protection measures

, 10

Social safety nets

, 19

Social sector

, 8, 99

components

, 9–10

development

, 27–32

development programmes in India

, 12–17

development scenario in India

, 10–12

expenditure

, 10, 35

and human development

, 9–10

hypothesis

, 22

and India’s economic reforms

, 106–124

interfaces between social sector development and growth inclusiveness

, 19–21

need and importance of study

, 21–22

objectives of study

, 22

programmes

, 29

research gaps

, 40

Sen-Bhagwati debate

, 99–100

Social sector development

, 36–41, 100–106, 187

as catalyst of inclusive growth in India

, 141

contribution

, 141–185

data sources and time reference of study

, 42

education, health, and family welfare schemes

, 74–79

effective implementation

, 188–190

elaboration and discussion on selection of dependent and independent variables of models

, 58–66

food storage and warehousing

, 95–97

housing and urban development

, 83–84

independent variables

, 62–66

labour and employment and social services benefits

, 84–89

limitations of study and suggestions for future research

, 66

policy implications

, 195–197

programmes related to human development

, 68–74

quantitative tools to analyse data

, 42–57

rural development

, 90–95

water supply and sanitation

, 79–83

Social security and welfare schemes

, 65

Social Security Programmes

, 30

Social Security Schemes

, 193

Social services

, 9

Social welfare

, 3–5, 125

and human development

, 25–27

Social well-being

, 5

Solid and liquid waste management (SLWM)

, 82

Special Economic Zones (SEZs)

, 37

Standard of living

, 38

Standardised inclusive growth index

, 50

State Council of Education Research and Training (SCERT)

, 193

State Health Agency (SHA)

, 194

Statistical Abstracts

, 42

Stepwise multiple linear regression

, 50–54

Stochastic frontier model

, 32

Sub-centres (SCs)

, 70

Sustainability for human development via education

, 26

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA)

, 82–83

Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)

, 16, 84–86

Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (1997)

, 16

t-statistics

, 51

Targeted public distribution system (TPDS)

, 105, 162

Teacher Education (TE)

, 193

Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs)

, 193

Technological change

, 23–24

Technological progression

, 23

Technology

, 1, 3, 23–24

Tenth FYP

, 16

Third FYP

, 14

Toilets, availability of

, 64

Tolerance level

, 51, 148

Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)

, 64, 81–83, 140

Total variance

, 48

Trickle-down approach

, 11, 99, 187

Twelfth FYP

, 17

Twenty Point Economic Programme (TPP)

, 73

Two-sector model of growth

, 3

Two-way relationship

, 27

Unemployment

, 28, 38

Uniform Resource Period (URP)

, 59

Union territories (UTs)

, 113

Unit root testing

, 54–55

Unit root tests

, 150

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

, 5, 59

Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP)

, 192

Up-gradation of rural infrastructure

, 37

Urban inequality

, 38

Vaccinated children in target child population

, 64

Variance inflation factors (VIF)

, 51, 148

Vector autoregressive (VAR)

, 152

lag order selection criteria

, 56

Village level workers (VLW)

, 13, 84

Wage and Employment Programmes

, 29–30

Wald test

, 56, 152–153

Water supply and sanitation

, 79–83

Wealth redistribution policies

, 11

Weighted system

, 128

Welfare

, 7

economics

, 3

of marginalised class

, 190

of underprivileged classes

, 64–65

Well-being

, 7

Women in decision-making

, 189–190

Workforce

, 60

World Bank

, 42