Prelims

Half Title Page

Safety and Tourism

Series Title Page

Tourism Security-Safety and Post Conflict Destinations

Series editors: Maximiliano E. Korstanje and Hugues Seraphin

Since the turn of the century, the international rules surrounding security and safety have significantly changed, specifically within the tourism industry. In the age of globalization, terrorism and conflict have moved beyond individual high-profile targets; instead, tourists, travellers and journalists are at risk. In response to this shift, the series invites authors and scholars to contribute to the conversation surrounding tourism security and post-conflict destinations.

The series features monographs and edited collections to create a critical platform which not only explores the dichotomies of tourism from the theory of mobilities but also provides an insightful guide for policy-makers, specialists and social scientists interested in the future of tourism in a society where uncertainness, anxiety and fear prevail.

Tourism Security-Safety and Post Conflict Destinations explores research approaches and perspectives from a wide range of ideological backgrounds to discuss topics such as:

• Studies related to comparative cross-cultural perceptions of risk and threat

• Natural and human-caused disasters

• Post-disaster recovery strategies in tourism and hospitality

• Terror movies and tourism

• Aviation safety and security

• Crime and security issues in tourism and hospitality

• Political instability, terrorism and tourism

• Thana-tourism

• War on terror and Muslim-tourism

• The effects of global warming on tourism destinations

• Innovative quantitative/qualitative methods for the study of risk and security issues in tourism and hospitality

• Virus outbreaks and tourism mobility

• Disasters, trauma and tourism

• Apocalyptic theories and tourism as a form of entertainment

Editorial Advisory Board

• David Altheide

• Arizona State University, USA

• Oleg Afanasiev

• Russian State University of Tourism, Russia

• Ericka Amorin

• Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Portugal

• Lwazi Apleni

• University of Zululand, South Africa

• David Baker

• Tennessee State University, USA

• Brian Berquist

• University of Wisconsin at Stout, USA

• Raoul Bianchi

• University of West London, UK

• Dimitrios Buhalis

• Bournemouth University, UK

• Richard Butler

• University of Strathclyde, UK

• Paul Brunt

• Plymouth University, UK

• Erdinc Camak

• Breda University, Netherlands

• Neil Carr

• University of Otago, New Zealand

• Anthony Clayton

• The University of West Indies, Jamaica

• Erik H. Cohen

• Bar IIan University, Israel

• Jean Costa Henriquez

• University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

• Gerry Coulter

• Bishop's University, Canada

• Mahmoud Eid

• University of Ottawa, Canada

• Elspeth Frew

• La Trobe University, Australia

• Alan Fyall

• University of Central Florida, USA

• Babu George

• Fort Hays State University, USA

• Vanessa G. Gowreesunkar

• University of Africa, Toru Orua, Nigeria

• Ulrike Gretzel

• University of Southern California, USA

• Tony Henthorne

• University of Nevada, USA

• Freya Higgins-Desbiolles

• University of South Australia, Australia

• Luke Howie

• Monash University, Australia

• Rami Isaac

• Breda University of Applied Sciences, Netherlands

• Stanislav Ivanov

• Varna University of Management, Bulgaria

• Metin Kozak

• Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey

• Sharad K. Kulshreshtha

• North Eastern Hill University Shillong Meghalaya, India

• Dominic Lapointe

• University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada

• Duncan Light

• Bournemouth University, UK

• Claudio Milano

• The Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain

• Andreas Papatheodorou

• University of Aegean, Greece

• Cesar Augusto Oliveros

• University of Guadalajara, Mexico

• Daniel Olsen

• Brigham Young University, USA

• Alexandros Paraskevas

• Oxford Brookes University, UK

• Lorri Pennington Gray

• University of Florida, USA

• Arie Reichel

• Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel

• Cláudia Seabra

• University of Coimbra, Portugal

• Anukrati Sharma

• University of Kota, India

• Richard A. Sharpley

• University of Central Lancashire, UK

• Jonathan Skinner

• University of Roehampton, UK

• Geoffrey Skoll

• Buffalo State College, USA

• Marta Soligo

• University of Nevada, USA

• Dallen Timothy

• Arizona State University, USA

• Abraham Pizam

• University of Central Florida, USA

• Peter Tarlow

• Texas A&M University, USA

• Marcelo Tomé de Barros

• State University of Fluminense, Brazil

• Diego R. Toubes

• University of Vigo, Spain

• Rodanthi Tzanelli

• University of Leeds, UK

• Ghialy Yap

• Edith Cowan University, Australia

Title Page

Safety and Tourism: A Global Industry with Global Risks

Edited by

Cláudia Seabra

University of Coimbra, Portugal

And

Maximiliano E. Korstanje

University of Palermo, Argentina

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2023

Editorial matter and selection © 2023 Cláudia Seabra and Maximiliano E. Korstanje.

Individual chapters © 2023 The authors.

Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-80382-812-1 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-80382-811-4 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-80382-813-8 (Epub)

About the Contributors

Sofia Almeida holds a PhD in Tourism from the Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning (IGOT) at Universidade de Lisboa, and a degree in Business Communication. Currently, she is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Technologies, Universidade Europeia. She is a Professor in Tourism and Hospitality Marketing; Digital Communication and Social Media; Brand Management; Digital Marketing and Events Management. Currently she is also Coordinator of Digital Marketing Master. Sofia worked for fifteen years as a Marketing Director at the hotel marketing consortium, ARTEH^® Hotels & Resorts, an independent hotel chain with international representation. Her research focuses on the areas of hotel management, networks, hotel marketing consortia, tourism marketing, hotel branding, digital marketing and lately about the impacts of COVID-19 in the tourism sector. Sofia is a research member of the Centre for Geographical Studies, CEG/IGOT, Universidade de Lisboa.

Dina Amaro is a PhD student in Tourism, Territory and Heritage at the University of Coimbra. She has a degree in International Relations, a post-graduate degree in Human Resource Management and a master's degree in Relational Marketing. Currently, she is working in the International Marketing Office of the Polytechnic of Leiria and is responsible for promoting the higher education Institution in international markets, through developing integrated marketing campaigns. Her research interests are destination marketing, higher education marketing, academic tourism and consumer/tourist experience.

Ana Maria Caldeira is an Assistant Professor in the Tourism and Geography Department at Faculty of Arts and Humanities (University of Coimbra, Portugal) and a researcher at the Centre of Studies on Geography and Spatial Planning (CEGOT) research unit. She holds a degree in International Relations (ISCSP – University of Lisbon), a master's and a PhD in Tourism (University of Aveiro). Her research interests are consumer behaviour in tourism, destination marketing and tourist attractions management.

Fabio Carbone is a Lecturer of International Tourism Management, Coventry University, UK, and Visiting Professor for many universities in Europe, in the field of Culture, Tourism and Peace. He is the Global Ambassador of the International Institute for Peace through Tourism (IIPT), and IIPT Special Envoy to Iran.

Inês Carvalho is an Assistant Professor at Universidade Europeia in Lisbon (Portugal). Her research interests include areas such as languages and tourism, tourism and gender, and literary tourism. She holds a PhD in Tourism from the University of Aveiro, an MSc in Management and Planning in Tourism from the same University and a BA in Modern Languages and Literatures from the University of Coimbra. She was a visiting PhD student at Linköping University in Sweden. She is an integrated member of GOVCOPP – Research Unit in Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies from the University of Aveiro. She has participated in research projects in the field of gender studies funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. Inês has published several articles in reputed journals, including Annals of Tourism Research.

Leonardo (Don) A.N. Dioko, PhD, is Professor at the Macao Institute for Tourism Studies (IFTM), where he teaches Tourism and Hospitality Marketing and Management. Concurrently, he is Director of IFTM's Tourism Research Centre (ITRC), which conducts policy research on Macao's tourism development, many of which are commissioned by the Macao S.A.R. Government. Don's research interest includes destination branding, the shaping of tourism policy and knowledge disparities between tourism theory building and applications.

Maximiliano E. Korstanje is Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Safety and Security in Tourism (UP Argentina) and Editor-in-Chief Emeritus of the International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism (IGI-Global USA). In 2015 he was awarded as Visiting Research Fellow at the School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Leeds, UK, and the University of La Habana Cuba. In 2017 he was elected as Foreign Faculty Member of AMIT, Mexican Academy in the study of Tourism, which is one of the most prominent institutions dedicated to tourism research in Mexico. He was also selected to take part in the 2018 Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award, a great distinction given by Marquis Who's Who in the world. Korstanje manages two international book series editions: Advances in Hospitality, Tourism and the Service Industry (IGI Global USA) and Tourism Security-Safety and Post Conflict Destinations (Emerald Publishing Limited, England).

Hrvoje Mataković is a Research Associate at the Institute for Tourism, Zagreb, Croatia. He holds a PhD and an MSc in Political Sciences from the University of Zagreb, an MA in Criminal Justice from the Police College in Zagreb and a BA in Administrative Law from the University of Zagreb. His research interests include security and safety in tourism, primarily crime and other forms of deviant behaviour in tourism.

Susana Mesquita concluded a PhD at the University of Aveiro, and is a Specialist in the area of Education and Training in Tourism and Leisure at IPP-Instituto Politécnico do Porto. She holds a master's degree in Tourism Management and Development from the University of Aveiro and a degree in Tourism Management and Planning from ISAG – Instituto Superior de Administração e Gestão. She is a researcher at the Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policy Research Unit (GOVCOPP) of the University of Aveiro, and at the Research Center for Business Sciences and Tourism (CICET-FCVC). She is coordinator and Professor at the Tourism Degree and at Ctesp in Tourism Product Development at ISAG – European Business School, and professor/trainer at several private and public entities. She has published book chapters and articles in peer-reviewed international scientific journals. Her research interests include accessible/inclusive tourism, consumer behaviour in tourism, the economy of experiences, and technologies in tourism. In addition to her teaching activities, Susana is an Official Tourist Guide and consultant in the field of tourism.

Michelle Moraes holds a PhD in Economics and Public Policy, respectively, from Università degli Studi di Ferrara (Italy) and Universidade Federal do Maranhão (Brazil) and an MSc in Management from the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Italy). Currently, she is a Lecturer at Lusíada University and at Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração de Lisboa. She is a researcher at the Research Unit for Organizations, Markets, and Industrial Management – COMEGI and Research Unit for Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies – GOVCOPP. She has published several papers on tourism and economics.

Farhad Nazir is a PhD student in Tourism, Heritage, & Territory at the Department of Geography & Tourism, Faculty of Arts, University of Coimbra. He is collaborator researcher at CEGOT Center of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning. He holds an MPhil in Development Studies from Pakistan Institute of Development Economics PIDE and a master’s degree in Tourism & Hospitality from Hazara University, Pakistan. His research lines are Cultural Tourism Sites and Cultural Identity, Islamic Legislation and Tourism Laws, and Hospitality Laws in the Islamic preview. He executed several training sessions as Master Trainer at Marriott International Hotel, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Andreia Pereira is a PhD student at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Coimbra. Currently, she is a collaborator researcher at CEGOT, Center of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning, and a research fellow at CI&DEI, Center for Studies in Education and Innovation, at the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu. Currently, her main research interests are tourism and risk, gender and tourism, tourism behaviour and urban tourism.

Bhayu Rhama is an Associate Professor at Administration Public Department, Faculty of Social and Political Science, University of Palangka Raya, who focuses on ecotourism policy in national parks. His passion for ecotourism granted him a full scholarship for a PhD study at the University of Central Lancashire, UK, and contributed knowledge to develop ecotourism policy in the Sebangau National Park, Central Borneo, Indonesia. He has also carried out several pieces of research and reputable publications such as articles in Scopus index journal as well as book publications. Bhayu is also a tourism practitioner and became the Chairperson of the Association of Indonesian Tours and Travel Agencies (ASITA) of Central Kalimantan for 2018–2023 and the Chairperson of the Indonesian archipelago arts and culture committee of Palangka Raya City for 2020–2025.

Cláudia Seabra is a Professor in the Faculty of Arts and Humanities at the University of Coimbra, Portugal, where she coordinates the PhD programme in tourism, heritage and territory. She has a PhD in Tourism and a post-PhD in Economic and Social Geography. She has published in the Journal of Business Research, Tourism Management, Annals of Tourism Research, International Journal of Tourism Cities, European Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Management, ANATOLIA and the Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, among others. She is affiliated with the CEGOT – Geography and Spatial Planning Research Centre; and collaborates with CISeD – Research Centre in Digital Services. Her research interests are risk and safety in tourism.

Peter Tarlow is a world-renowned speaker and expert specializing in the impact of crime and terrorism on the tourism industry, event and tourism risk management, and tourism and economic development. Since 1990, Tarlow has been aiding the tourism community with issues such as travel safety and security, economic development, creative marketing, and creative thought. Tarlow has worked with numerous US government agencies including the US Bureau of Reclamation, US Customs, the FBI, the US Park Service, the Department of Justice, the Speakers Bureau of the US Department of State, the Center for Disease, US Supreme Court police and the US Department of Homeland Security. He has worked with such US iconic locations as the Statue of Liberty, Philadelphia's Independence Hall and Liberty Bell, the Empire State Building, St. Louis' arch and the Smithsonian's Institution's Office of Protection Services in Washington, DC. Tarlow has been a keynote speaker for governors' tourism conferences around the nation including those for Illinois, South Carolina, South Dakota, Washington State and Wyoming. Tarlow organizes tourism security conferences around the world, including the International Tourism Safety Conference in Las Vegas along with conferences in St. Kitts, Charleston (South Carolina), Bogota, Colombia, Panama City, Croatia and Curaçao while lecturing and training tourism professionals and security personnel in multiple languages on a wide range of current and future trends in the tourism industry, rural tourism economic development, the gaming industry, issues of crime and terrorism, the role of police departments in urban economic development, and international trade.

Pedro Vaz Serra is a PhD candidate in Tourism, Heritage and Territory, and has a master's degree in Social Intervention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship and a degree in Economics from the University of Coimbra, Portugal. He holds a postgraduate degree in Strategic Management and Value Creation from Católica Lisbon School of Business & Economics and in Senior Management Program at AESE – Business School Lisbon, in collaboration with IESE – Business School of the University of Navarra, Madrid Campus, Spain. He performed functions – local, regional, and national – in the financial and business sectors. He was also President of the Coimbra Entrepreneurs Club. In 2021, he was awarded the Merit Scholarship by the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Coimbra.