Academic scholars

, 107–108

Activism

, 4–5

Affect theory

, 15

Africa Rising

, 72, 79

Africa Tech Rising

, 79

Africa’s digital economy

, 72

Al Qaida

, 12

Algorithmic order

, 31–34

Algorithms

, 1

Anti-Iraq War mobilisation

, 15

Anti-vaccination (Anti-Vax)

activists

, 42–43

movement

, 4–5, 39, 42, 46

narratives

, 4–5

Apple

, 60–61

Arab Spring

, 12

Archives

, 26, 28–29

Archivist

, 29–31

Archons

, 29

Arguments

, 44–45

Artificial intelligence (AI)

, 1

Big data analytics

, 92

Black Lives Matter movement (BLM movement)

, 15–16

Blogs

, 25–28, 58–59

Bottom-up internet development

, 58

C++

, 63–64

Capitalism

, 5, 75–76

Capsule

, 131

Celebrity activism

, 15–16

Clickbaits

, 33

Cold War

, 75–76

Colonial mindset

, 145–146

Communication

, 136

Competition

, 126

Computational modelling

, 97–98

Content moderation

, 29–31

Content moderator

, 29–31

Coordinated Inauthentic Behaviour (CIB)

, 31

Corporate subsets

, 27–29

COVID-19 lockdowns

, 45

Crisis of imagination

, 121–124

Current imaginaries

, 146

Cyber ethnography

, 19

Cyberconflicts

, 15

Data

, 89–90

analytics

, 18–19

dumps

, 90–91, 95, 98

repurposability and combinability

, 93–94

Datafication

, 100–101

Development

, 77–78

discourse

, 72

Development financial institutions (DFIs)

, 72

DigiGen

, 15–16, 19

Digital activism

, 39

and nature of online information

, 40–41

Digital activists

, 40

Digital bureaucracy

, 15–16

Digital capitalism

, 76–77, 79

within geopolitics

, 75–77

Digital communications

, 136–137

Digital data

, 90–91

Digital development

, 73, 77, 79

perspectives

, 74

Digital divide

, 71, 73, 79, 82

Digital economy

, 72

Digital futures

, 1–3

Digital governance

, 139–141

process

, 145–147

Digital histories

, 1–3

Digital intimacies

, 132

Digital media

, 122

Digital politics

, 1–3

evolution

, 11–14

information warfare and economies

, 14–16

materiality of data

, 16–20

theories, methodologies, pedagogies

, 3–8

Digital research

, 107

need to historicise

, 108–109

read map

, 111

visualisation

, 110–111

Digital resources

, 15–16

Digital storytelling

, 136–137

Digital technologies

, 1, 5–6, 40, 126, 131

Digitalised home

, 131–132

Digitality

, 107, 109

Digitisation of public administration institutions

, 63

Diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DTP)

, 42

Dirty data

, 90–91, 93

Distributed technology

, 65–66

Dual archives

, 27–29

Dutch bureaucrats

, 31–32

Dystopia

, 132–133, 137

EdgeRank algorithm

, 32–33

Educational institutions

, 63–64

Encapsulation

, 131

Engineering governance

, 139, 141–142, 146

Epistemic opacity

, 97–98

Escobar

, 75

Ethnography

, 19

European Union (EU)

, 39–40

Facebook

, 14–15, 26–27, 45–46

ephemerality

, 26

revolutions

, 12

users’ archive

, 32–33

Fake account economy

, 31

Fetishes technology

, 72

Finance

, 78

Flashmobs

, 15–16

Fourth Industry Revolution

, 82

Future imaginaries

, 147

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

, 94

General Programming Languages (GPLs)

, 63–64

GitHub

, 126

Go

, 63–64

Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon and Microsoft (GAFAM)

, 72

Hashtags

, 28–29, 43–44

Hierarchy of credibility

, 31–34

Historical digital research

, 121–124

Hyperlinks

, 28–29

Identity economics

, 33–34

Imagination

, 124–125

Imperialism

, 77–79

Information and communication technologies (ICT)

, 12

Information Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D)

, 71

discourses

, 74

integral aspect

, 73–74

Information warfare and economies

, 14–16

Instagram

, 26

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

, 75

Internet

, 57–60

models of tomorrow

, 61

regulation

, 5

Internet

, 57–60

models of tomorrow

, 61

regulation

, 5

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

, 142

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

, 142

companies

, 60–61

Intimacy

, 131

Iraq War

, 11–12

Java

, 63–64

Justifications

, 44–45

Kinopio

, 141

Klarna

, 131

Legacy code

, 97–98

Linguistic domination

, 5

Map-making

, 6–7

Materiality of data

, 16–20

methodologies and methods

, 17–20

Membrane

, 131

Microsoft

, 60–61, 78

Misinformation campaigns

, 41

Mobile for development (M4D)

, 73–74, 79, 82

Mobile telephony

, 80–81

Mobiles

, 80

Modern development

, 75–76

Mutation of capitalism

, 35

National Home Service (NHS)

, 61–62

Neo-colonialism

, 5

Neoliberalism

, 76

Net Neutrality

, 58

Netflix

, 131

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

, 11

Online content

, 19

Online interviews

, 19

Optimistic technology

, 72

Personal computers (PCs)

, 78

PHP

, 63–64

Pirates

, 60–61

Platform governance

, 139, 141–142, 145

Policies

, 78

Post-development theory

, 74

Power dynamics

, 5

Predatory journals

, 4–5, 40

articles

, 46–48

Pureblood hashtag

, 44

Purity

, 43–44

Python

, 63–64

Quantitative text mining

, 19

R

, 63–64

Reasoning

, 44–45

Revolutionary Virtual

, 15

Scattered Network

, 57, 64, 66

background

, 58–61

Seasonal task

, 30

Self-governance

, 139, 141, 145

Slacktivism

, 15–16

Social Credit System (SCS)

, 61–62

Social media

, 25–26

archives

, 27

archivist//the content moderator

, 29–31

dual archives and corporate subsets

, 27–29

hierarchy of credibility//the algorithmic order

, 31–34

platforms

, 1, 25–26

reflections

, 34–36

Social Web

, 58–59

Sociotechnical imaginaries

, 7–8, 109, 122, 124–125

analytical tool

, 127–128

crisis of imagination and historical digital research

, 121–124

limitations in utilising sociotechnical imaginaries for researching digital

, 125–127

Sovereign network

, 65

Speed

, 76

State apparatus

, 63–64

Stories

, 136

Storytelling

, 136–137

Summer School

, 1–4

Surveillant Network

, 57, 61, 64

Tags

, 28–29

Tech rising

, 79

Techno-deterministic approach

, 108–109

Techno-optimism

, 73

Techno-social

, 123

Technological fetishism

, 73

Tinder

, 131

Toxic data

, 90–91, 93, 95

Toxicity

, 93–94

Trust

, 44–45

Twitter

, 58–59

revolutions

, 12

United Nations

, 75

Universality

, 58

Utopia

, 137

Virtual communities

, 11–12

Virtuality

, 60–61

Visualisation

, 110–111

Vocal activist movement

, 46

Waste

, 90

as data metaphor

, 98–99

as demarcation

, 91–93

as excess

, 95–98

interventions

, 100–101

Web 2.0

, 58–59

Web-Internet

, 60–61

Western technologies

, 77–78

WhatsApp

, 26

Wikileaks

, 12

Wolt

, 131

Worker-centric analysis

, 14–15

World Bank

, 71, 75

World Trade Organisation (WTO)

, 78

World War II

, 75–76

World Wide Web

, 57

YouTube

, 26–27, 42–43

Zoom

, 131