Academic works and practices

, 5

Active participation

, 20

Age group

, 29–30

Agenda 2030

, 56

Baltic countries

, 62

Baltic lands

, 62

Baltic nations

, 62

Baltic region

, 62–63

Baltic republics

, 62

Baltic states

, 62

Block development councillors (BDCs)

, 67

Bottom-up approach of community

, 63

British Empire

, 1–2

Canada

case of Nova Scotia

, 60–61

participation in

, 58–61

Capitalism

, 1–3

Caste in India shaping local polity

, 33–35

Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion (CASE)

, 51

Citizen engagement

, 49–52

Civic engagement

, 73

Civic participation

, 73

Civil Societies

, 13–14

Civil society organizations (CSOs)

, 4–5, 31–32, 75

CSO-CSO

, 24–25

CSO-GOV

, 24–25

CSO-GOV-CSO

, 24–25

CSO-PRIV

, 24–25

in India

, 71

Vatsalya Funded by Rajasthan SACS in Ajmer, Rajasthan

, 69–70

Civilizations

, 1–2

Collaborative participation

, 21–23

Collaborative-input sponsorship

, 20–21

Collaborators

, 8–12

thematic evolution

, 9–12

Collegiate participation

, 21–23

Communication strategy

, 61

Community circles

, 61

Community development

, 13

Community engagement

, 19

factors at levels affecting

, 28

intervention models

, 24–25

Community Need Assessment

, 21–22

Community participation

, 73

collaborators

, 8–12

countrywide and timewise production

, 7–8

forms of

, 19

gender shapes

, 30–31

history and origin of term participation in context of development

, 2–7

industrialization of society and worries of community development

, 1–2

overarching framework

, 16–17

states

, 42–44

theoretical strands of participation

, 12–15

trends in scientific production

, 7–8

Community-based assessment

, 21–22

Community-based organizations

, 75

Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)

, 37–38

Consultative participation

, 21–23

Contractual participation

, 21–23

Development

, 2–3

Dialogue

, 21–22

Digital media

, 50

Digital technologies

, 76

E-governance

, 49–51

Education

, 35–36

Europe

Baltic region

, 62–63

participation in

, 62–64

Sweden

, 64

Switzerland

, 63–64

Facebook

, 49

Female headed HHs

, 39

Female Sex Workers (FSW)

, 68

Flood and naxal affected community in state of Bihar, India

, 31–32

Functional participation

, 21–23

Gender and Development approach (GAD approach)

, 30–31

Gender shapes community participation

, 30–31

Global and national institutions, livelihood interventions by

, 70–72

Global network on local governance

, 59–60

GOV-GOV

, 24–25

Governance and Local Development (GLD)

, 64

Government of India (GoI)

, 42

Gram Panchayats

, 67

Gram Sabha (GS)

, 42–43

HHs

, 29–30, 39

HIV/AIDS

, 68

Households

, 38

ICLEI

, 59–60

Income

, 38–39

India

open meeting of social audit under MNREGA, UP, India

, 65

participation in

, 64–65

Indira Aawas Yojana (IAY)

, 33–34

Industrialization of society and worries of community development

, 1–2

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

, 50–51

Injecting Drug Users (IDU)

, 68

Instrumental participation

, 23

Inter-active participation

, 21–23

International City/County Management Association (ICMA)

, 59–60

Kerala Development Programme

, 22

Kribhco Indo-British Farming Project (KRIBP)

, 22

‘Leader’ programme

, 63

Learning organization model

, 22

Liberalization of economies

, 13–14

Local elites

, 5–6

Local governance

, 6–7

overarching framework

, 16–17

reservation for weaker sections

, 45–46

trends in scientific production

, 7–8

Local governments for sustainability

, 59–60

Local polity

, 6

Low caste community (SC community)

, 66

Lower education groups

, 39

Macro level

, 60

Means vs. end approach

, 21–26

Media

, 74–75

Men who have sex with Men (MSM)

, 68

Metal-based machines

, 1–2

Metropolis

, 59–60

Middle income groups

, 39

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

, 55–56

Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR)

, 42

Mughals

, 1–2

National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)

, 71

Nominal participation

, 23, 75

Nova Scotia mainland, participation case of

, 60–61

child and women engagement model in

, 61

Occupation

, 38–39

Other Backward Caste (OBC)

, 33

Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)

, 6, 42

in India

, 74

voting system

, 66

Participation

, 4–5, 13–14, 19, 27, 56, 73

age group

, 29–30

Canada

, 58–61

cases of public engagement at local levels in various countries

, 58

conceptual views

, 15

through consultation

, 21–23

detailed description

, 65–70

Europe

, 62–64

by giving information

, 21–23

India

, 64–65

levels

, 21

livelihood interventions by global and national institutions

, 70–72

millennium and sustainable development goals

, 57

modes

, 20–21

in new and old GPs

, 39

to obtain material incentives

, 21–23

political factors

, 39–42

smart city solutions and spatial dimension

, 52–54

social factors condition individuals to participate in local meetings

, 29–31

technological advancement and citizen engagement

, 49–52

tools and techniques

, 21–26

women representation in PRIs in India

, 32–39

working with flood and naxal affected community in state of Bihar, India

, 31–32

Participatory development

, 14–15

Participatory Poverty Appraisal

, 21–22

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

, 21–22

Participatory rural development

, 4–7

Passive participation

, 21–23

Patriarchy

, 66

Peer effect

, 48

People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLHIVs)

, 68

mainstreaming and social security of

, 68–70

People Planning Campaign (PPC)

, 22

Policy instruments

, 63

Policymakers

, 76

Political elites

, 74–75

Political participation of women and girls

, 56

Power analysis

, 40

Powercube analysis

, 40

Practicing community engagement

, 58

Pradhan

, 66

PRIVCSOs

, 24–26

Public engagement at local levels in various countries

, 58

associations of local governance

, 59–60

Public participation

, 73

Rajasthan SACS in Ajmer, Rajasthan

, 69–70

PLHIV Mainstreaming in Rajasthan, India

, 70

Rapid Rural Appraisal

, 21–22

Rashtriya Janata Dal party (RJD party)

, 31–32

Representative participation

, 23

Rojgar sevak (RS)

, 65–66

Rural community

, 13–14

Samta Gram Seva Sansthan (SGSS)

, 31–32

Scheduled Caste communities

, 33–34

Secretary

, 66

Self-help group (SHG)

, 71

Self-mobilization

, 21–23

Smart city solutions and spatial dimension

, 52–54

Social capital

, 46–48

Social development

, 4, 13–14

Social exclusion

, 51

Social inclusion

, 51

Social networks

, 46–48

Social ties

, 48, 76

Socialism

, 3

Sociology

, 3–4

Spatial local governance

, 53–54

Stakeholder engagement

, 57–58

State Finance Commission (SFC)

, 37

State Finances for PRIs in Uttar Pradesh

, 37–38

Sustainability

, 55, 58

local governments for

, 59–60

Sustainable development Goals (SDGs)

, 55–56, 75

agenda

, 56

case of

, 63

Sweden, participation in

, 64

Switzerland, participation in

, 63–64

Targeted Intervention project (TI project)

, 69

Technological advancement

, 49–52

Technology

, 74–75

Term participation in context of development, history and origin of

, 2–7

participatory rural development

, 4–7

Top-down strategy

, 5

Traditional participatory approaches

, 60

Training Needs Assessment

, 21–22

Transformative participation

, 23

Transitional Governance Project

, 64

United Cities and Local Governments (UCLGs)

, 59–60

United Nations (UN)

, 55

Urbanization

, 1–2

USAID’s country strategies

, 13–14

Uttar Pradesh Panchayati Raj Act for GPs

, 68

Village committee

, 68

Village Panchayats

, 67

Woman in Development approach (WID approach)

, 30–31

Women representation in PRIs in India

, 32–39

caste in India shaping local polity

, 33–35

economic factors

, 36–39

education

, 35–36