Abdou Mostafa

, 112

Adey Carpet

, 91–92, 97–98

Africa

business actors in

, 57

business management practices

, 2

business practice

, 235–236

business structures in

, 241–244

as continent of commerce

, 3

economic problems in

, 190

entrepreneurial and enterprise practices

, 3

indigenous businesses practices in

, 5, 8, 247, 250

indigenous knowledge systems (IKS)

, 168, 240–241, 244

natural resources in

, 91

weaving

, 123–124

Western influences on

, 239–240

African bamboo utilisation

, 91

African entertainment industry

, 251–254

Afro-centrism

, 189–190

Agbo

, 5, 212

Agbo Iba

, 214

Agbo jedi-jedi

, 214

Agbo Opa eyin

, 214

Agro-industrialisation

, 249–250

Agro-medicine

, 250

Aklill Company

, 91–93

Akwa Oche

, 74

Alagbo

, 245

Alajapas

, 8

Alternative funding

, 250

Apprenticeship/business succession models

, 18–19

Ewes

, 27–33

Guns

, 33–36

Igbos

, 19

methodology

, 19

Apprenticeship system

, 46, 63

Igba boi

, 22–25

informal

, 29–30

Apprentice training

, 46

Ariaria International market

, 72

Ashante

, 122–124

Kente weaving

, 124

Atlantic Slave Trade

, 28

Automobile spare parts

, 55

Bamboo uses

, 91–92

Bangladesh

, 122

Beitbridge

, 171

Benin Republic

, 6, 33

Bijar

, 112

Bimmanglwe

, 144

Bingbaa

, 146

growing demand for

, 150

Boko Haram terrorist group

, 249

Business actors

, 38–40

African entertainment industry

, 251–254

business ethics/values

, 79

herbal medicine, in Southwestern Nigeria

, 218

Igbo entrepreneurs, in Nigeria

, 57

market revival/sustainability

, 116–117

Business ethics/values

, 61, 63, 74

business actors

, 79

business thrived based on

, 70–71

formal business structure

, 71

future considerations

, 78–79

growth and survival

, 75–76

Igbo business culture

, 66–67

impact

, 74–75

indigenous enterprise

, 63–65

informal education

, 77

integrity

, 69

Ladipo Market

, 65–66

legacy

, 76–77

methodology

, 63–65

open family discussions

, 77

peaceful relationship

, 68

punctuality

, 68

study context

, 72–74

support and understanding

, 78

trust

, 69–70

unity

, 68–69

women empowerment in

, 72

Business literacy

, 248

Buy-Sell Agreement

, 25

China of Africa

, 21

Christianity

, 27

Christian missionaries

, 189

Clan system

, 232–233

Cloth weaving

, 6

Coffee ceremony

, 89–90

Communication skills

, 48

Content duplication

, 128

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

, 39

Cosmetics

, 51–55

Cotton

, 123–124

COVID-19

, 5, 172

Southwest Nigeria

, 212–213

Western Nigeria

, 213

Cross-case analysis

, 36–38

Cross-posting

, 128

Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs)

, 85–91

case selection and analysis

, 91–99

employment and growth in

, 86

Ethiopia. See Ethiopia

Cultural and socio-economic benefits

, 147–148

Cultural diversity

, 90

Dagomba smock (Bingbaa)

, 144

Dansichwe

, 146

Dorsorsror

, 28–29

East Africa

, 7

Eastleigh

, 234–235

Egypt

, 7, 106

handicraft/furniture industry

, 109

Kiliim

, 106–107

market opportunity

, 109–110

textile and apparel exports

, 122

tourism

, 109

Electronics

, 56

Entrepreneurship incubation

, 127

Environmental, social and governance (ESG)

, 39

Ethiopia

, 7, 99, 101

Adey Carpet

, 97–98

Aklill Company

, 92–93

bamboo thread in

, 88

coffee ceremony in

, 89–90

creativity and challenges

, 95–96

cultural creative industries in

, 88

cultural heritages

, 86, 88–89

early inspirations

, 93

exploring ideas

, 93–95

handicrafts of

, 86–87

natural resources

, 86

socks to lifestyle products

, 96–97

sourcing challenges

, 98–99

traditional craft in

, 90–91

Ethiopian Orthodox Church

, 88

European Somali immigrants

, 230

Europe-based medical practice

, 188

Ewes

apprenticeship and succession

, 27–33

background

, 27–28

business context of

, 28

customary governance

, 33

dominantly patrilineal

, 32–33

entrepreneurs

, 32

family model

, 30

gender and unique categorisations

, 33

informal apprenticeship systems

, 29–30

model of succession

, 31–32

paternalistic system

, 30–31

referral systems

, 30

Eyi Alo

, 35

Family model

, 30

Family-owned businesses

, 25

Fashion

, 55–56

Fiscal policy, in Ghana

, 123

Formalisation

, 71

Fourth industrial revolution (4IR)

, 37–38

German apprenticeship model

, 18–19

Ghana

, 6

business incubators in

, 127–128

economic growth in

, 123

Ewe ethnic group of. See also Ewes

, 27–28

fiscal policy in

, 123

GDP

, 123, 146–147

Kante weaving

, 122–123

microfinance and small loans centre (MASLOC)

, 127–128

small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

, 122–123

smock dealership

, 6

smocking

, 144

textile sector in

, 129

Giyani

, 191–192

Global economic hub

, 228

Global value chain (GVC)

, 122

Gulf African Bank

, 234–235

Guns

apprenticeship and succession

, 33–36

background

, 33–34

business context of

, 34–35

succession

, 36

Hadith (report)

, 229–230

Halal

, 234–235

Handicrafts

, 86–87

Hand-woven textiles

, 90

Haram

, 234–235

Hawala money transfer system

, 234–235

Healthcare

, 245

Herbal concoction

, 214

Herbal medicine, in Southwestern Nigeria

, 5, 210–211

business actors

, 218

COVID-19

, 212–213

customer’s attraction

, 216

customers trust

, 216

data analysis

, 212–213

duration of learning, trade

, 214

ethical consideration

, 213

fieldwork, 2022

, 212

government, regulated by

, 216–217

interviews

, 211–212

market sales

, 215

nature of

, 214–215

participants

, 211–212

study site

, 211–212

trade of

, 214

trade partnership

, 216

women in

, 212

years of trade

, 214

Igba boi

, 38, 45–46, 48, 74

Igbo business culture

, 66–67

Igbo business practice

, 62

Igbo entrepreneurs, in Nigeria

, 45–46

apprenticeship programme

, 48

automobile spare parts

, 55

business actors

, 57

cars

, 56–57

challenges

, 48

computers

, 57

cosmetics

, 51–55

electronics

, 56

fashion

, 55–56

literature review

, 46–49

managerial skills

, 49

master

, 48–49

methodology

, 49–50

start-up entrepreneurs

, 49

trade settlement

, 49

Igbos

, 2, 18, 74

apprenticeship and succession

, 19, 46

background of

, 20

business model of

, 20–21

succession model

, 25–26

traditional business practice

, 5

Ijesa merchants

, 8

Ijmā

, 229–230

Ijtihād

, 229–230

Ikotun market

, 65

Immigrants

, 229

overseas Somali

, 230

Imu ahia

, 46, 48

Indigenous businesses practices

, 5–8

Agbo

, 5

apprenticeship models and practices

, 6, 244–245

craft

, 245–246

cultural and creative industries

, 7

ethnic groups

, 18

future studies

, 7–8

healthcare

, 245

Igbo

, 5

indigenous craft

, 7

Kente weaving

, 6

smock dealership

, 6

sustainability and

, 244–246

traditional healthcare practice

, 6–7

Indigenous business incubators

, 122–123, 126, 128

challenges

, 129

Ghana

, 123

Kente weaving

, 124

opportunities

, 128–129

Indigenous business structures

, 252–253

Indigenous craft

, 7

Indigenous enterprises

, 2–3

business ethics and values

, 63–65

Indigenous knowledge

, 167–168, 239–241, 244

agro-industrialisation

, 249–250

agro-medicine

, 250

alternative funding

, 250

business literacy

, 248

certification

, 250

craft

, 245–246

government and private support

, 249

healthcare

, 245

market research

, 248

in medicine

, 245

standardisation

, 249

Indigenous practices

, 106

Indigenous smock business

, 154–155

Industrialisation

, 45–46, 122

Informal apprenticeship systems

, 29–30

Informal education

, 77

Informal entrepreneurship models

, 178–180

‘Inochi anya’ succession model

, 25

Interlinking

, 128

Islam

, 229–230

Jebena buna

, 89–90

Jihad

, 229

Kente weaving

, 6, 122–123

Asante

, 124

business, starting up

, 135

challenges

, 136

contemporary business practices

, 129

data collection and participant selection

, 130–131, 134

design

, 130

history of

, 123–125

incubation

, 135

knowledge about

, 135

in Kumasi

, 125

methodology

, 129–130

opportunities

, 136

policy recommendation

, 137

socio-economic benefits

, 135–136

tourism

, 125–126

Kenyan Somali community

, 228–231, 236

Kiliim

, 106

Abdou Mostafa

, 112

Bijar

, 112

collaboration with craftsmen

, 111

competition

, 111–113

competitive advantage

, 112–113

crafted products of

, 106

digital and traditional marketing

, 116

foreign customers

, 108–109

Fowa

, 107

luxurious product

, 108–109

market dilemma and current realities

, 113–116

market opportunities

, 106

Oriental Weavers

, 112

physical store

, 114

price reduction

, 115

product innovation, invest in

, 115–116

research unit

, 115

safety and quality

, 110–111

segment and target audience

, 116

social enterprise

, 106

strategy for

, 114–115

supply chain

, 110

Ladipo Market

, 65–66

Lagos State

, 65

Laribasi

, 147

Leather

, 65

Lifestyle brand

, 107–108

Logistics

, 50

Macco

, 64

Managerial skills

, 49

Mangomes

, 188–190, 193

Market revival/sustainability

, 105–107

adopt innovative marketing practice

, 116–117

business actors

, 116–117

competition

, 111–113

craftsmen, artisans or traders, collaborate with

, 117

industry overview

, 109–110

Kiliim

, 107–108

know your market

, 116

market dilemma and current realities

, 113–116

market opportunity

, 109–110

methodology

, 106–107

product innovation, invest in

, 117

Mastership

, 46

Medicinal plant (mpesu), Zimbabwe and South Africa

, 167–169

belief systems

, 178–180

dignity and value of

, 176–178

harvesting

, 173–174

marketing

, 174, 176

material and data

, 171–172

planting

, 172–173

sexual and reproductive health care in

, 169–171

Microfinance and small loans centre (MASLOC)

, 127–128

Modern Kente production

, 125–126

MoMo

, 153–154

Māori theory of value

, 246

Mozambique

, 6–7

Mushin business environment

, 72

National Agency for Food & Drug Administration & Control (NAFDAC)

, 217, 250

National Bureau of Statistics (2019)

, 46–47

Nigeria

, 6, 62, 240

Agbo

, 5

apprenticeship

, 45–46

Benin

, 27

Igbo

, 5

Igbo ethnic group of

, 20

socio-economic issues in

, 76

Nkem’s Main Shop

, 72–73

Nke-Ora Merchandise Company

, 72–73

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

, 248

Nora

, 64

North Africa

, 7–8

Northern Frontier District (NFD)

, 228–229

Northern Ghana

, 144

Nvivo 12 programme

, 214

Nwa boi

, 23–24, 46

Oga

, 46, 66–67

Ojo-Alaba market

, 65

Oriental Weavers

, 109, 112

Orthodox Tewahedo Church paintings

, 89

Osomalo

, 8

Overseas Somali immigrants

, 230

Pakistan

, 122

Partnership methods

, 128

Paternalistic system

, 30–31

Peaceful relationship

, 68

Punctuality

, 68

Qualitative in-depth case study approach

, 91–92

Quran

, 229–230

Really Simple Syndication (RSS)

, 128

Referral systems

, 30

Roman Catholic

, 29–30

Safeguarding

, 1–2, 247

Samaale

, 228

Self-efficacy

, 200

Self-esteem

, 200

Settlement

, 5, 46

Sexual and reproductive health care

, 169–171

Shifta War

, 229

Silk

, 123–124

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

, 2, 122

Ghana

, 123

Smock dealership, Tamale

, 6, 144–146

challenges of

, 150–151, 155–156

compiling

, 153

cultural benefits

, 147–148

data analysis

, 153

disassembling

, 153

employment/job creation

, 148, 150

exportation/market development

, 150

financing

, 151

foreign products

, 151

GDP growth

, 149

governmental support

, 149

growing demand, for Bingbaa

, 150

income/revenue

, 148

infrastructure gap

, 149–150

interpretation

, 153

lack of access to technology

, 151

legal issues

, 150

market and marketing

, 150–151

methodology

, 152–153

modern day

, 147

occasions

, 147

opportunities of

, 148–149

participants, description of

, 152–153

pictures of

, 162

population growth

, 149

reassembling

, 153

research design

, 152

socio-economic benefits of

, 148

start-up capital

, 151

symbolic meaning

, 147

technology and social media

, 148–149, 153–154

tourism

, 148

traditional wear

, 148

Social capital

, 234

Social enterprise

, 107–108, 110–111

Social learning theory (SLT)

, 48

Social networks

, 234

Socio-economic and cultural benefits

, 144

Somali business community

, 228

enterprise orientation and attributes

, 232–234

financial system

, 234–235

historical trends

, 228–229

Islam

, 229–230

overseas Somali immigrants

, 230

Somali pirates business practice

, 230–231

theoretical foundation

, 231–232

Somali enterprise orientation/attributes

clan system

, 232–233

pooled resources

, 234

social capital

, 234

social networks

, 234

trust

, 233–234

Somali pirates business practice

, 230–231

South Africa

, 6–7

COVID-19

, 192

traditional healthcare practice (THP)

, 188

Southeastern Nigeria

, 2, 5

Southeast geopolitical zone

, 20

Specialisation

, 128–129

Staff loyalty

, 40

Start-up entrepreneurs

, 49

Sunnah

, 229–230

Sunni Muslims

, 228

Supply chain

, 110

Suppression of Witchcraft Act in 1957

, 189

Sustainability

indigenous businesses practices and

, 244–246

indigenous knowledge

, 246–250

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 39, 57

Swiss model

, 18–19

Technical, vocational education and training (TVET)

, 37, 39

Thohoyandou

, 171

Tibeb

, 90

Tokpa

, 35

Trade settlement

, 48–49

increased productivity

, 49

Traditional handicrafts

, 90–91

Traditional healing practices (THPs)

, 188

popularity of

, 189

practice and payment procedures

, 197–198

Traditional healthcare practitioners (THPs)

, 4, 6–7, 169, 172

informal entrepreneurial models

, 178

marketing platforms

, 174–176

Traditional Health Practitioners Act (THPA)

, 196–197

Trust

, 69–70, 128–129, 233–234

Tsonga indigenous healthcare practice

Christian missionaries

, 189

colonialism

, 189

emotional dimension

, 200

entrepreneurship

, 190

ethical principles

, 192

graduation process

, 196–197

healing skills

, 188–189

identification process

, 192–194

initiation process

, 194–196

mangomes

, 190

material and data

, 191–192

mental dimension

, 199–200

physical aspects

, 199

practitioners, training of

, 192–197

social dimension

, 200–201

spiritual dimension

, 201–202

transcendental conceptualisation of

, 198–202

Turkey

, 122

Ubuntu

, 2–4, 11

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

, 228

Unity

, 68–69

US model

, 18–19

Uzor-Biz Ventures

, 63–64

integrity

, 69

peaceful relationship

, 68

punctuality

, 68

trust

, 70

VaTsonga healthcare practice

, 190

Vhavenda

, 169

sexual and reproductive health care in

, 169–171

Weaving

, 90

West Africa

, 6, 27

Western-based medicine

, 198–199

Women empowerment

, 72

Word-For-the-Month

, 68

Zimbabwe

, 6–7