Index
Nishi Malhotra
(Assistant Professor, OP Jindal Global University)
Microfinance and Development in Emerging Economies
ISBN: 978-1-83753-827-0, eISBN: 978-1-83753-826-3
Publication date: 4 September 2023
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Malhotra, N. (2023), "Index", Microfinance and Development in Emerging Economies, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 189-202. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-826-320231010
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2023 Nishi Malhotra. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Aadhar
, 62–63
biometric system
, 102
scheme
, 74
Aadhar Enabled Payment System (AEPS)
, 93–94, 96–97, 108
Aam Adami Bima Yojana (AABY)
, 149
Aarogya Sanjeevani insurance policy
, 156
Affective social capital
, 27, 32
Affiliation
, 30–32
Agency problem
, 181–182
Agency Theory
, 164
Agent networks
, 114
Agrarian system
, 153
Agricultural credit
, 126, 129
Agriculture
, 125, 128–129
Agricultural Labourers
, 132
Agricultural Produce Mandi Act (APMC)
, 13
Agricultural system
, 153
Agriculture and Rural Development Banks Land Banks
, 129
Agriculture Insurance Corporation, The
, 126–127
Analyser strategy
, 76–81
Animal husbandry
, 127
Apiculture
, 127
Application Programing Interfaces (APIs)
, 101–102
Arrow–Debreu model
, 121–122
Artificial intelligence
, 102–103
Asian Development Bank
, 10–11
ATMA
, 127–128
Auction process
, 13–14
Ayushman Bharat
, 147–148, 156
Bank
accounts
, 130
linkages
, 34
existing rift between digital policies and objective of banking
, 71–73
Banswara Village, case study of
, 27
Behavioural social capital
, 27
Bharat Bill Payment system
, 108
BHIM (mobile application-based fund transfer system)
, 93–94, 96–97, 108
BOLT
, 48
Bombay Plan (1944)
, 2–3
Bombay stock exchange
digitisation of
, 48
index
, 48
Borrowers
, 123
Borrowings from self-help groups
, 132–133
Bridging capital
, 34
British rule
, 9
Bruntland commission, The (1987)
, 154
Bulk Payment system
, 101–102
Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)
, 157
Business decision, issue with
, 165–166
Business email impostors
, 141
Call Money
, 55
Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)
, 25
Capacity building
importance of
, 19
initiatives
, 5–7
Capital
formation
, 50
metaphor of
, 30–31
Cash
, 94
transfers
, 162–163
Cash Benefit scheme
, 162–163
Cash-in cash-out (CICO)
, 114
Cashless economy
, 96–97
challenges to
, 114–116
digital capital
, 115–116
of India
, 93–94
social perspective
, 93–94
Cashless financial systems
benefits of financial inclusion and digitization
, 116–117
cashless economy of India
, 93–94
challenges to cashless economy
, 114–116
digital money
, 96–97
e-Governance in India
, 98–99
financial inclusion and consumer data protection
, 114
Fintech Companies
, 113–114
Indian stack
, 101–102
nine pillars of Digital India
, 99–101
Payment Banks in India
, 112–113
policy ecosystem
, 108
reforming e-government through technology
, 102–108
transforming India’s digital payment landscape
, 108–112
vision of digital India
, 97–98
Casteism
, 7–8
Central Bank of India, The
, 60, 114
Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS)
, 156
Central sector schemes
, 127–128
Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE)
, 130
Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM)
, 153–154
Certificate of deposits
, 55, 65, 143–144, 184, 187
Choonthumani (earrings of Paniya tribe)
, 33–34
Circular flow of money in economy
, 50–51
Climate Change
, 152–154
initiatives for
, 155
Climate refugees
, 153–154
Cluster approach
, 42
Cognitive social capital
, 27
Collateral-free lending system
, 132–133
Collateralised Borrowing and Lending Obligation (CBLO)
, 55, 57
Colonial capital
, 40–41
Commercial banks
, 51, 53, 59
Commercial Bills
, 55
Commercial Paper
, 55
Common Services Centre (CSC)
, 64
Community
, 39–41
community-based organisations
, 170
community-led endeavours
, 150–151
forest management
, 170
organisations
, 39, 41
principles of
, 41–44
Community resource person (CRP)
, 44
Companies Act (1956)
, 57–58
Companies Act (2013)
, 131
Conducive legal system
, 175
Constitutive relevance
inequality and relational poverty
, 8–10
poverty due to factors of
, 7–10
of social exclusion
, 9–10
impact of socio-cultural factors
, 7–8
Consumer data protection
, 114
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
, 131
Contract theory and need for governance structure
, 98
Cooperative Banks
, 129
Corporate Social Responsibility Act (CSR Act)
, 147–148, 173
Corruption
, 158
COVID-19
, 2–3, 36
pandemic
, 69–70
Credit Cards
, 74
Credit Clearing Corporation of India, The
, 55
Credit Guarantee Fund
, 140
Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs)
, 136
Credit Rating Information Services of India (CRISIL)
, 135–136
Credit Reporting Systems
, 135–136
Crimes
, 5–7
Crop Husbandry
, 127
Cultural capital
, 115–116
Cultural factors
, 133–134
Cyber security
, 141
DAY National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY NRLM)
, 36–37
Decentralisation
, 139
Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana
, 155–156
Delhi Government
, 13–14
Deltaic wetland
, 153
Demand side barriers
, 133–137
Democracy
, 178
Demonetisation
, 74, 113
Department of Agriculture and Farmer welfare
, 125
Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeiTY)
, 97
Depositories Act (1956)
, 57–58
Derivatives
, 54–55
Development projects, valuation of
, 180–182
objectives of national policy
, 181–182
Dhokra Community in India, case study of
, 32–33
Digital banking
, 71
Digital Banks
, 73
Digital capital
, 115–116
Digital currencies
, 94
Digital empowerment of citizens
, 99
Digital engagement
, 71–73
Digital financial inclusion
, 62–63, 70, 90, 124
initiatives
, 63–64
progress of digital financial inclusion in India
, 74–75
Digital financial services
, 112
Digital financial system
case study
, 84–88
difference between technology users and non-users
, 73–74
digital shift and organizational agility
, 76–81
electronic payment systems
, 75
existing rift between digital policies and objective of banking
, 71–73
Ingreso Solidaro
, 69–70
issues and challenges to financial system in India
, 88
perspectives on dynamic punctuated equilibrium model
, 81–84
policy framework for digital inclusion
, 70–71
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
, 75–76
progress of digital financial inclusion in India
, 74–75
real time gross settlements
, 75
social organisations
, 88–89
technological identity
, 73
Digital inclusion system
, 63–64, 69–70
policy framework for
, 70–71
social perspective
, 69–70
Digital India
, 64, 96–97
contract theory and need for governance structure
, 98
digital empowerment of citizens
, 99
digital infrastructure
, 99
governance and services on demand
, 99
nine pillars of
, 99–101
pillars of
, 99
programme
, 64
vision of Digital India
, 97–98
Digital infrastructure
, 99
Digital initiatives
, 63–64
Digital literacy
, 73, 120, 166, 168
environment
, 71–73
Digital money
, 96–97
cashless economy
, 96–97
digital India
, 97
Digital payment
, 96
Digital policies, existing rift between objective of banking and
, 71–73
Digital products
, 108
Digital revolution, The
, 71
Digital services in India
, 108–111
Digital Shift
, 76–81
Digital technology
, 70–71, 96
Digital village
, 84–88
social innovation
, 84–88
Digitisation
, 89, 96, 141
benefits of
, 116–117
of bombay stock exchange
, 48
financial perspective
, 48
of Ghazipur Mandi
, 13–14
Digitising banking platforms
, 53
Direct benefit transfers
, 144–146
Discriminatory forces
, 7–8
District Central Cooperative Banks (DCCBs)
, 129
Domestic Violence Act (2005)
, 150
Dynamic Punctuated Equilibrium model
, 89
perspectives on
, 81–84
E Kranti movement of India
, 64
E-commerce
, 114
E-Know your customer (e-KYC)
, 71
E-Marketing (e-NAM)
, 125–128
E-SHAKTI programme
, 184–187
Economic efficiency
, 166
Economic welfare of citizens
, 162–163
Economy, role of financial intermediary in
, 53–54
Electronic economy
, 114–115
Electronic governance (e-Governance)
, 98–99, 103
benefits of e-governance
, 104
computerisation
, 103
e-governance initiatives in India
, 106
financial inclusion in India
, 106–108
four pillars of e-governance
, 104
goals and objectives of
, 105
in India
, 98–99
interconnectivity
, 103
interface
, 103
national e-governance plan
, 103
networking
, 103
pillars of digital India
, 99
reforming e-government through technology
, 102–108
stages in
, 103
types of interactions in e-Governance
, 104
use of technology by financial institutions
, 106–107
Electronic payment system
, 75, 106–107
Emotional capital
, 116
Employee State Insurance Scheme
, 156
Empowerment
, 184–187
empowerment zone strategy
, 28
strategy
, 28–30
EMV-based Aadhar identification card
, 114
Endogenous growth theory
, 11–12
‘Equity Grant and Credit Guarantee Scheme’
, 131–132
Establishment of Rural Banks (1982)
, 25
Externalities
, 164–168
externalities of self-help groups
, 166–168
issue with business decision
, 165–166
measures to mitigate negative externalities
, 168
positive externalities
, 165
social costs
, 165
Extreme poverty
, 2–3
Farmer Producer Companies (FPOs)
, 131–132
Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs)
, 131
Finance
formal vs. informal sources of
, 131
informal sources of
, 132–133
services
, 184–187
Finance Ministry in India
, 74
Financial autonomy
, 36–37
Financial capital markets
, 121–122
Financial contracting
, 53
Financial economy
, 48–49
Financial exclusion
, 59–60, 173–174
Financial inclusion
, 12–13, 47, 60, 62–63, 70, 74, 114, 150–151
impact of
, 10–12
benefits of
, 116–117
factors that impact
, 63–64
in India
, 106–108
plan
, 74
process
, 70
system
, 62–64
Financial institutions
, 51, 53, 60, 134
use of technology by
, 106–107
Financial intermediaries
, 49–51, 53, 120–121
in Indian financial system
, 58–59
nature of markets and role of
, 54
role in economy
, 53–54
value creation and role of
, 54
Financial intermediation
, 51, 53, 64–65
Financial literacy
, 60–62, 134–135
campaigns
, 125
Financial Markets
, 55, 59
Financial regulatory authority
, 57
Financial system
, 48–49
approach
, 12–13
in India
, 51, 53, 120–123
issues and challenges to financial system in India
, 88
stakeholders in
, 51–59
Fintech Companies
, 113–114
Flame of Forest Blooms
, 27
Flower industry of Meghalaya
, 23–24
Forest rights case study Koska Village
, 169–170
social perspective
, 169–170
Formal bank systems
, 132
Formal sources of finance. See also Informal sources of finance
, 131
Free economy
, 50
Freedom
, 16
G20 Summit (2010)
, 70
Gender Equality, women empowerment and
, 149–151
Gender inequality
, 5–7
Ghazipur Mandi, digitisation and modernisation of
, 13–14
Governance
honest form of
, 16
and services on demand
, 99
Government, The
, 15
payments
, 95
schemes
, 11–12
transfers
, 5, 7, 11–12
Government action
for health and social security
, 156–157
for poverty reduction
, 155–156
for women’s empowerment
, 157
Government of India, The
, 57, 61–64, 71, 73–74, 86, 100–101, 106–107, 127, 139, 156–157
scheme
, 126–127
Government role to ensure economic &social welfare
approaches to social welfare
, 169–171
challenges to social welfare scheme
, 171–175
digitization of social project evaluation
, 184–187
externalities
, 164–168
Mid-Day Meal Scheme
, 161–162
Pareto optimality and social evil of poverty
, 163–164
principle of social values
, 179–180
social benefit analysis
, 182–184
social planning and social welfare
, 176–179
valuation of development projects
, 180–182
Government to business (G2B)
, 104
Government to citizens (G2C)
, 104
Government to government (G2G)
, 104
Grameen Bank, The
, 12–13
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
, 50, 155
Group lending
, 49–50, 120
paradox of moral hazard in group lending scenario
, 26–27
Handicraft industry in Nepal
, 2
social perspective
, 2
Health
case study of initiatives in domain of health security
, 148–149
government action for
, 156–157
Hindu texts
, 8–9
Hinduism
, 9
Horizontal coordination
, 34
Horizontal social capital
, 34
Horticulture
, 127
Human Development Report
, 3–4
Human Rights
, 144, 147, 149, 151–152, 154
approach to SDG
, 154–157
case study of initiatives in domain of health and social security
, 148–149
case study of Kuttanad, Kerala
, 153–154
case study of women community group
, 151
challenges to ensuring human rights for all citizens
, 157–158
government action for health and social security
, 156–157
government action for poverty reduction
, 155–156
government action for women’s empowerment
, 157
indigenous people’s right to self-determination
, 152–153
initiatives for climate change
, 155
Immediate Payment Services (IMPS)
, 108, 111
Incentive Focussed Strategy
, 182
Inclusive financial system
, 59–60, 121–122
ATMA
, 127–128
Bank Accounts and Kisan Credit Cards
, 130
challenges to
, 133–141
challenges to inclusive financial systems
, 133–141
comparison with Indian scenario
, 125–126
demand side barriers
, 133–137
digital and financial inclusive system
, 62–64
digitisation of bombay stock exchange
, 48
factors that impact financial inclusion
, 63–64
farmer producer companies and organised farmers
, 131
financial intermediation and social intermediation
, 64–65
financial literacy and financial inclusion
, 60–62
financial systems in India
, 120–123
formal vs. informal sources of finance
, 131
inclusive financial system
, 59–60
Indian agriculture
, 128–129
Indian financial systems
, 49–51
informal sources of finance
, 132–133
institutional credit
, 129
issues in Indian Agricultural Credit System
, 129–130
Kisan Credit Card Ownership and land holdings
, 130
literacy and impact on Kisan credit card ownership
, 130
MNAIS
, 126–127
organised farmers
, 131
outreach and usage
, 61–62
particular focus on rural agricultural finance
, 124–125
PMJDY
, 119–120
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
, 128
price support scheme and e-NAM
, 127–128
priorities in
, 120
Rashtriya Krishak Vikas Yojana
, 127
rural and urban divide in KCC
, 130
small farmer coverage
, 131–132
stakeholders in financial system
, 51–59
subsidy linked schemes
, 129
supply-side barriers
, 137–141
UN sustainable development goals and role of Indian Government
, 61–62
Inclusive money markets in India
, 57–58
India
, 8, 97–98, 119–120
case study of Dhokra community in
, 32–33
case study of self-help group in
, 35–36
e-Governance in
, 98–99
e-governance initiatives in
, 106
financial inclusion in
, 106–108
financial systems in
, 120–123
inclusive money markets in
, 57–58
issues and challenges to financial system in
, 88
payment banks in
, 112–113
progress of digital financial inclusion in
, 74–75
social capital in context of microfinance in
, 36–38
stack
, 114
transforming India’s Digital Payment Landscape
, 108–112
Indian Agricultural Credit System
, 132
issues in
, 129–130
Indian agriculture
, 128–130
Indian agriculturists
, 129–130
Indian constitution
, 8
Indian context
, 36–37
Indian economic system
, 120
Indian economy
, 125–126, 128–129, 152, 162–163
Indian financial systemsystems
, 49, 51, 53
financial intermediaries in Indian financial system major
, 58–59
Indian forests
, 169
Indian Government, The
, 3–5, 7, 70–71, 74, 126, 155
UN sustainable development goals and role of
, 61–62
Indian stack
, 101–102
Indigenous people’s right to self-determination
, 152–153
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)
, 149
Indira Gandhi Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOPAS)
, 149
Indus valley civilisation
, 8–9
Inequalities
, 8, 10, 158
Informal Borrowing and Lending programme
, 25
Informal sources of finance. See also Formal sources of finance
, 131–133
borrowings from self-help groups
, 132–133
money lenders
, 132
Information Communication Technology (ICT)
, 25–26, 60, 62–63, 70–71, 73, 96, 116, 184, 187
platforms
, 74
Information Technology (IT)
, 73, 100–101
project
, 81
Information technology-enabled services (ITES)
, 100–101
Initial Public Offering (IPO)
, 48, 58
Institutional capacity
, 19
Institutional credit
, 129
Instrumental relevance
, 13
Insurance
, 44
companies
, 59
Integrated Child Development Scheme
, 162–163
Integrated farming
, 127
Interactions in e-Governance, types of
, 104
Internal Working Committee
, 57
International Labour Organisation (ILO)
, 2–3, 147–148
International Monetary Funds (IMF)
, 95–96
International Year of Financial Inclusion
, 10–11
Internationalisation
, 53
Investment contracts
, 53
Ippimala (hilltop)
, 33–34
Islam
, 9
‘Jal Jeevan Mission’
, 147–148
Joint Forest Management Act
, 169
Joint Forest Management Committee
, 170
Kisan Credit Card (KCC)
, 130, 139
literacy and impact on
, 130
ownership
, 130
scheme
, 124–126, 129–130
Know Your Customer (KYC)
, 108
Kudumbu (house of Paniya)
, 33
Land holdings
, 130
Lenders
, 122–123
Liberalisation
, 53
LIFE (movement)
, 155
Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF)
, 55, 57
Loan commitment
, 49–50
Local communities
, 33–34
Machine learning
, 102–103
Macro-level factors
, 74
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA Act)
, 127, 148–149, 155–156, 162–164
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (2005) (MGNREGA)
, 157
Mandatory System of Priority Lending (1972)
, 25
Manjadikuru (lucky red seeds)
, 33–34
Market
capitalism
, 19–20
market-based approach
, 53
nature of markets and role of financial intermediaries
, 54
stabilisation system
, 57
Marketing systems
, 19
Material possession
, 16
Materiality
, 180
Maternity benefit act (2017)
, 150
Media
, 42
Medium and Small Enterprises (MSME)
, 140
Medium Small Enterprise (MSE)
, 140
Meghalaya, flower industry and village community of
, 23–24
Meghraj (service)
, 100–101
Mesopotamians
, 94
Micro level factors
, 74
Micro-Automated Teller Machines (Micro-ATMs)
, 147
Microfinance
, 27, 39, 41, 86
microfinance-based model
, 39
programme
, 164–165
Microfinance in India
, 88
social capital in context of
, 36–38
Microfinance institutions (MFI)
, 34, 88, 138
lending by
, 138
Mid-Day Meal (MDM)
, 163–164
Scheme
, 161–162
Ministry of Finance, The
, 57
Mission Drift
, 12–13
Mobile Banking
, 74
Mobile Wallets
, 74
Modernisation of Ghazipur Mandi
, 13–14
Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS)
, 126–127
Money
, 94–95
markets
, 55
repo rate
, 55
Multiple Performance Evaluation systems
, 181–182
Mutual Funds
, 59
Mutually Aided Cooperative Society (MAC Society)
, 42–43
Mysore Resettlement and Development Agency (MYRADA)
, 25, 86
NABARD
, 5, 7, 24, 26–27, 44, 60, 86, 130
panchsutras
, 25
Nachiket Mor Committee, The
, 70–71, 107–108
Narasimhan Committee, The
, 51, 53, 57
National Agricultural Markets
, 127–128
National Automated Clearing Systems (NACH)
, 93–94
National Centre for Financial Education
, 60
National e-Governance Plan (NeGP)
, 62–63, 103, 105, 107–108
National Electronic Toll Collection System (NETC)
, 108–111
National Financial Switch (NFS)
, 93–94
National Food Security Act (NFSA)
, 156–157
National Health Mission (NHM)
, 156
National Human Right Institutions
, 144
National Identification Number
, 101–102
National Informatics Centric (NICS)
, 106
National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS)
, 157
National Livelihood Mission
, 155–156
National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI)
, 70–71, 101–102
National Planning Committee
, 2–3
National policy, objectives of
, 181–182
agency problem and social projects
, 181–182
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
, 162–163
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
, 163–164
National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)
, 43, 139, 184, 187
National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO)
, 129
National Social Assistance Programme
, 155–156
National Stock Exchange (NSE)
, 57
Nationalisation of banks
, 25
Negative externalities
, 166–168
Negotiation process
, 7–8
Neo-banking
, 73–74
Neo-liberal market theory
, 120
Networks
, 30–31
social capital and information flow through
, 35–36
New India Strategy (2022)
, 155–156
NICNET (satellite-based computer network)
, 106
NITI Aayog
, 108
No Objection Certificate (NOC)
, 131
Noble Committee, The
, 1
Non-banking Financial Companies
, 59
Non-government organisation (NGO)
, 25, 31–33, 44
NGO PRADAN
, 25
Non-Performing Assets (NPAs)
, 51, 53, 140
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, The
, 144
Online applications
, 96–97
Oolay (earrings of Paniya tribe)
, 33–34
Opportunity Cost Principle
, 182
Organisational agility
, 76–81
Organisations, example of social capital in
, 34
Organised farmers
, 131
Organizational agility
, 76–81
Paadi (house of Paniya Tribe)
, 33
Panchayati Raj Institution
, 184–187
Paniya Tribe, example of social capital in
, 33–34
Paradox of moral hazard in group lending scenario
, 26–27
Pareto optimalityof poverty
, 163–164
‘Paris Agreement’
, 152
Paris Convention, The
, 152
Payment Banks
, 108
in India
, 112–113
Peer pressure
, 25
Performance incentives, lack of
, 173
Personal Identification Number (PIN)
, 102
Phishing
, 140–141
Piloting and Mainstreaming of SHG Movement in (1992–1996)
, 25
Pire (house of Paniya)
, 33
Planning process
, 176
Point of Sales (PoS)
, 75
Policy
ecosystem
, 108
financial inclusion policy factors
, 63–64
framework for digital inclusion
, 70–71
Positive externalities
, 165
Post-Washington consensus’
, 19–20
Poverty
, 2–3, 5, 7, 24, 158, 173–174
bedrock of
, 5–7
case study on poverty reduction in Akodara Village, Gujarat
, 146–147
digitisation and modernisation of Ghazipur Mandi
, 13–14
dimensions of
, 15
factors of constitutive relevance
, 7–10
factors of instrumental importance
, 10–14
impact of financial inclusion
, 10–12
government action for
, 155–156
handicraft industry in Nepal
, 2
importance of capacity building
, 19
paradigms of
, 2
Pareto optimality and social evil of
, 163–164
poverty reduction and women empowerment
, 5–7
reduction
, 144–147
under SBLP
, 25–27
strategies for poverty reduction
, 18–19
SDG and
, 14–15
trade-off between profitability and social objectives
, 12–13
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
, 155–156
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
, 128
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
, 155–156
Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyaan (PMDISHA)
, 63–64
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)
, 61–62, 71, 74–76, 86, 90, 102, 106–108, 119–120, 139, 156
social perspective
, 119–120
Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Beema Yojana (PMJBY)
, 147–148
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN)
, 156–157
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)
, 157
Pre-paid instruments (PPI)
, 108–111
Price Support Scheme
, 127–128
Primary Agriculture Cooperatives (PACs)
, 129, 131
Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)
, 157
Producer Companies
, 131
Public Distribution System (PDS)
, 148–149, 162–163
Public Private Partnership (PPP)
, 151–152
Racism
, 7–8
Rangarajan Committee
, 2–3
Ransomware
, 140
Rape
, 5–7
Rashtriya Krishak Vikas Yojana
, 127
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY)
, 148–149
Real Time Gross Settlements (RTGS)
, 75
Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)
, 129, 139
Relational poverty
, 8–10
Relational social capital
, 30–32
Religious activities
, 164
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
, 10–11, 57, 60, 70–71, 108, 114, 131, 139
Resource-based view (RBV)
, 38, 86, 88
Resources
, 39
Responsibility
, 144–146
Return on investment (ROI)
, 12–13, 88, 175
Rig Veda
, 8–9
Right to education
, 149–150
Right to Health and Social Security
, 147–149
Rio Declaration (1992)
, 154–155
Risk management technology
, 106–107
RuPAY
, 108
Rural agricultural finance, particular focus on
, 124–125
Saltwater barrier
, 154
Sarv Shiksha Abhiyaan (SSA)
, 163–164
Savings groups for poverty alleviation in Rajasthan
, 25
SBLP, poverty and social contract under
, 25–27
Scale of Finance (SOF)
, 129–130
Securities and Contracts Regulations Act (1956)
, 57–58
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
, 57–58, 122, 136
SEBI Act (1992)
, 57–58
Self Finance Group
, 184–187
Self-determination, indigenous people’s right to
, 152–153
Self-Help Group (SHG)
, 25–27, 36–37, 43–44, 125, 166, 168
borrowings from
, 132–133
case study of SHG in India
, 35–36
externalities of
, 166–168
linkage
, 132–133
linkage programme
, 25
Rehman and self-help promoting institute helping to form
, 143–144
SHG bank linkage programme
, 84–88
social perspective
, 143–144
technology acceptance model
, 86–88
Self-Help Group Bank Linkage Program (SBLP)
, 24, 44–45, 132–133
Self-Help Promoting Institution (SHPI)
, 31–32, 143–144
Rehman and SHPI helping to form self-help groups
, 143–144
Semi-formal group lending
, 123
Sericulture
, 127
Shock therapy-based neoliberalism
, 19–20
Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rural Urban Mission (SPMRM)
, 155–156
Sikhism
, 9
Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive, and Transparent (SMART)
, 105
Skill Development Programme
, 155–156
Social activities
, 162–163
Social benefit analysis
, 182–184
principle to determine benefit of social project
, 182–184
Social capital
, 40–41, 88–89, 115–116
case study of Banswara Village
, 27
case study of Dhokra Community in India
, 32–33
case study of self-help group in India
, 35–36
community
, 39–41
community organisations
, 41
in context of microfinance in India
, 36–38
dimensions of social capital
, 32–33
example of social capital in organisations
, 34
example of social capital in Paniya Tribe
, 33–34
flower industry and village community of Meghalaya
, 23–24
and information flow through networks
, 35–36
MAC Society
, 42–43
metaphor of capital
, 30–31
paradox of moral hazard in group lending scenario
, 26–27
poverty and social contract under SBLP
, 25–27
principles of Community Organisations
, 41–44
role of social capital as collateral
, 27–30
self-help group
, 43–44
self-help group linkage programme
, 25
social capital and exchange
, 33–34
social organisation and role in promoting social capital
, 38–39
social perspective
, 23–24
structuralist approach to social capital
, 31–32
systems view of
, 28–30
Social Cohesion
, 16, 25–26
Social contract
, 25–26, 37–38
under SBLP
, 25–27
Social costs
, 165
measures tomitigate
, 178–179
Social development process
, 133–134
Social discrimination
, 158
Social environment
, 71–73
Social evil of poverty
, 163–164
Social exclusion
, 5, 7–8
Social factors role in adoption of technology
, 73
‘Social injustice’
, 2–3
Social innovation
, 84–88
Social intermediation
, 64–65
Social mobility
, 16
Social networks
, 71–73
Social organisations
, 88–89
and role in promoting social capital
, 38–39
Social planning
, 176–179
challenges to social policy
, 176–177
measures to mitigate social costs
, 178–179
role of social policy in social
, 178
Social policy
, 176
challenges to
, 176–177
for developmental projects
, 170–171
role in social
, 178
Social projects
, 180–182
digitization of social project evaluation
, 184–187
principle to determine benefit of
, 182–184
Social protection schemes
, 147–149
Social scheme
, 144, 146, 161–162
Social security
case study of initiatives in domain of
, 148–149
Government action for
, 156–157
Social structure
, 162–163
Social systems
, 174–175
Social values, principle of
, 179–180
Social welfare
, 163–164, 176, 179, 182–183
activities
, 162–163
approaches to
, 169–171
basic principles of
, 164
challenges to
, 171–175
challenges to social policy
, 176–177
changes
, 162–163
of citizens
, 162–163
forest rights case study Koska Village
, 169–170
measures to mitigate social costs
, 178–179
programmes
, 164–165
role of social policy in social
, 178
schemes
, 5, 7, 162–163
social policy for developmental projects
, 170–171
Soil harvesting
, 127
Spoofing
, 141
SRLM
, 184–187
Stakeholders
, 179–180
in financial system
, 51–59
inclusive money markets in India
, 57–58
major financial intermediaries in Indian financial system
, 58–59
nature of markets and role of financial intermediaries
, 54
role of financial intermediary in economy
, 53–54
supply-side factors
, 54–55
value creation and role of financial intermediaries
, 54
State Cooperative Banks (SCBs)
, 129
State Service Delivery Gateway (SSDG)
, 64
State Wide Area Network (SWAN)
, 64
Stockholm Declaration (1972)
, 154–155
Structural factors, financial inclusion
, 63–64
Structural social capital
, 30–33
Structural sources
, 30–31
Structuralist approach to social capital
, 31–32
Subsidies
, 11–12, 144, 146
subsidy linked schemes
, 129
subsidy-linked insurance schemes
, 131–132
Sukanya Smridhi scheme
, 5–7
Supply-factors
, 54–55
Supply-side barriers
, 137–141
Supply-side factors
, 54–55
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)
, 2–3, 14–15, 149–150, 152
case study of Kuttanad, Kerala
, 153–154
case study of women community group
, 151
climate change
, 152–154
human rights approach to
, 154–157
indigenous people’s right to self-determination
, 152–153
poverty reduction
, 144–147
right to health and social security
, 147–149
women empowerment and gender equality
, 149–151
‘Swachh Bharat Mission’
, 147–148
Swarn Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
, 148–149, 163–164
Synthetic products
, 54
Technological identity
, 73
Technology
, 76, 81, 96
difference between technology users and non-users
, 73–74
reforming E-government through
, 102–108
social factors role in adoption of
, 73
use of technology by financial institutions
, 106–107
Transaction cost
, 166
Transparency
, 180
Treasury Bills
, 55, 57
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
, 155
Unified Payment Interface (UPI)
, 70–71, 111–112
Unique Identification Number (UID)
, 62–63, 107–108
Unique Payment Identification (UPI)
, 96–97, 108
United Nations (UN)
, 14, 144
UN Development Group
, 144
UN SDGs
, 15, 144, 146
UN sustainable development goals and role of Indian Government
, 61–62
United Nations Economics and Social Council (1988)
, 3–4
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
, 147–148
Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD)
, 96–97
Valuable, inimitable and rare organisational resources (VRIO resources)
, 38, 88–89
Value creation
, 54–55
and role of financial intermediaries
, 54
Vedas
, 8–9
Vienna Convention
, 152
Village community of Meghalaya
, 23–24
Water harvesting
, 127
Welfare system, inequalities within
, 174–175
Welfarist state policy
, 144–146
Women community group, case study of
, 151
Women empowerment
, 124, 184, 187
and gender equality
, 149–151
government action for
, 157
poverty reduction and
, 5–7
World Bank, The
, 2–4, 25, 95–96
World Trade Organization (WTO)
, 95–96
Zero Hunger
, 14
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 Poverty in Emerging Economies
- Chapter 2 Social Capital as a Key to Sharing Prosperity
- Chapter 3 Inclusive Financial System in India
- Chapter 4 Digital Financial System
- Chapter 5 Cashless Financial Systems
- Chapter 6 Priority in Inclusive Finance
- Chapter 7 Ensuring Justice and Human Rights
- Chapter 8 Role of Government to Ensure Economic and Social Welfare
- Index