Active labor market policies (ALMPs)

, 93–94

Actors

, 11–19

Adjustment policies

, 94

Advanced Manufacturing Partnership (AMP)

, 162

Agenda 2010

, 148

Aghion and Howitt Schumpeterian model

, 102–103

All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU)

, 189–190

American Competitiveness Initiative (ACI)

, 161–162

American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO)

, 159

American Natural Gas Alliance (ANGA)

, 158

American Petroleum Institute (API)

, 157–158

Antimonopoly laws

, 88

Antinationalist rule

, 185

Arab Socialist Union (ASU)

, 40–41

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

, 98

Association of German Chambers of Industry and Commerce (DIHK)

, 144–145

Authoritarianism

, 42–43, 50

Automobile industry

, 76–77

Balanced industrial policy

, 68–70

Balanced modes

, 201

development in Germany

, 141–143

Balanced SBLR

, 22, 24, 28, 69, 202

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

, 190

Breton Woods organizations

, 62

British common legal system, The

, 51

British legal system

, 51–52, 56, 202, 207

Broad-based business associations

, 31, 108–109

Broad-based cross-sectoral associations

, 17

Buddhism

, 207

Buddhists

, 207

Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie (BDI)

, 144–145

Bundesvereinigung der Deutschen Arbeitgeberverbände (BDAs)

, 144–145

Bureaucracy

, 188

Bureaucratic inefficiency

, 178–179

Business associations

, 157, 189

Business New Zealand

, 31

Businesspeople

, 14, 163, 173, 175, 189–190

Businesspersons

, 36

Cadmium telluride

, 98–99

Capacity-based renewable energy support scheme (CRESS)

, 180

Capital-intensive industries

, 69–70

Capture SBLR mode

, 20

Captured industrial policy

, 70–74

Carbon emissions

, 106

Catholicism

, 141–142, 207

Catholics

, 207

Chamber of Commerce (COC)

, 157

Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI)

, 175

China

, 125, 133, 136

origins of state-dominance relations in

, 185–186

SBLR and industrial policy in

, 191–197

Chinese economic path

, 197–199

Chinese liberalization

, 198

Chinese SBLR

characteristics of

, 187–191

crony to state-dominance SBLR in China

, 190–191

institutional origins of

, 185–186

Christian Democratic Party (CDU)

, 148

Civil society

, 189

Civil society organizations (CSOs)

, 12, 127

Clean Power Plan

, 164

2030 Climate Action Program (2030-CAP)

, 150

Clusters

, 88

Co-capture countries

, 34

Co-capture settings

, 82–83

Coal lobbyists

, 164

Cold War

, 40, 201

Cold War South Korean case, The

, 77

Collective labor agreements (CLA)

, 30–31

Colonial legacy

, 48

Communism

, 185

Communist Party

, 42, 189–190

Communist Party of China (CCP)

, 187–188

Communist regimes

, 49

Communist soviet state-dominance

, 171–172

Confindustria

, 35–36

Confucianism

, 185–186, 207

Confucians

, 207

Congress

, 156–157

Coordinated market economies (CMEs)

, 5, 18

Coordinated-balanced extremes

, 201–202

Coordinated-balanced-power

, 29

Coordination

, 201–202

COVID-19

, 1–2

crisis

, 3–4

pandemic

, 63–64

Critical junctures

, 54

Crony industrial policy

, 74–78

Crony modes

, 201, 204–205

Crony relations

, 36–41

Crony SBLR

, 20, 22, 86, 93, 96, 119

Cronyism

, 40, 53

Cultural factors

, 202

Cultural variables

, 56–57

Culture

, 207

Cyber-physical systems (CPS)

, 87, 149

De-industrialization

, 143

Decentralization

, 161

Democratization

, 48

Dependent development

, 72–73

Dependent variable

, 84

Deterministic forces and SBLR

, 47–54

cultural factors

, 52–54

geographical factors

, 49–51

legal factors

, 51–52

political-economic factors

, 47–49

Deterministic paths, between path dependency and

, 47

Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (DGB)

, 145–146

Developmental-crony settings

, 96

Developmental-dominance extremes

, 201–202, 205–206

Developmental-dominance settings

, 114–116

Digital Economy of the Russian Federation

, 179

Digitalization

, 87–88, 179

Dominant tycoons

, 20

East Asian economies

, 43

Economic and Social Development Council (CDES)

, 73

Economic growth

, 164–166

Economic institutions

, 49–50

Economic liberalization

, 41, 77

Economic miracles

, 2

Economic reform

, 41

Embedded autonomy

, 19

Employment Contracts Act (ECA)

, 31

Employment Relations Act (ERA)

, 31

Endogenous growth models

, 103

Energy transition

, 96–97

Entrepreneurs

, 16–17, 36–37, 86, 128–129, 159, 189, 201

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

, 163

Equality

, 182–183

of distribution

, 166–167

Ethnic fractionalization

, 54, 142

Ethnic heterogeneity

, 53

European Union (EU)

, 30–31

Evidence

, 56–57

Export orientation

, 206

Export-led industrialization (ELI)

, 62

Exxon-Mobil

, 164

Factor-driven economies

, 111–112

Favoritism (FAV)

, 22, 84, 127, 189, 201, 207–208

indicators

, 21–22

state power, and growth paths

, 107–120

Federal Climate Change Act (FCCA)

, 150

Federal Republic

, 141–142

Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia (FNPR)

, 173, 176

Financial Crisis (2008)

, 63–64

Financial Crisis of 1998

, 169, 178

Financing tools

, 97

First Industrial Revolution

, 3, 47–48

First World War

, 1

Fiscal centralization/decentralization

, 52

Flexicurity model

, 94

Foreign direct investment (FDI)

, 64

Foreign investment

, 76

Fourth Industrial Revolution, The (Industry 4.0)

, 3–4, 87

Fractionalization

, 57

Fragmentation

, 158

Fragmented authoritarianism

, 188

Free Democratic Party (FDP)

, 144

Free market-oriented economic system

, 62

Freedom of association

, 127

French legal systems

, 51–52, 56

Fuel richness

, 56

Funding election campaigns

, 31–32

Gallium arsenide

, 98–99

GCI

, 125–127

GDP per capita

, 125

General Trading Companies (GTC)

, 76

Geography

, 49

German Chambers of Commerce (AHKs)

, 144–145

German Democratic Republic

, 141

German Digital Industry Association (BVDW)

, 144–145

German Green Industrial Policy

, 150

German law

, 52

German legal system

, 141–142

German SBLR

balanced mode development in

, 141–143

characteristics

, 143–146

and industrial policy

, 146–152

institutional origins

, 142

resulting growth path of Germany

, 152–153

German Wind Energy Association (BWE)

, 144–145

Germany

, 125, 127, 132–133, 136

Gini index

, 114–116

Global Competitiveness Indicators (GCI)

, 21

Global value chains (GVCs)

, 63–64, 89

Government capability

, 62

Government discretion

, 71

Government survival

, 110–111

Government utility

, 111

functions

, 111–112

Great Depression

, 1

Green bonds

, 180

Green economy

, 2

Green innovation

, 4

Green policies

, 96, 98–99, 163–164, 196–197, 203

Growth path

countries

, 133–136

equality

, 182–183

long-run growth

, 181–182

in Russia

, 181–183

sustainability

, 183

of USA

, 164–167

Hartz Committee

, 148

Heavy and chemical industries Big Push (HCI Big Push)

, 75–76

Heterogeneity

, 53

Higher ethnic fractionalization

, 57

Historical institutionalist approach

, 13

Import substitution industrialization (ISI)

, 42–43, 62, 72, 75, 105

strategies

, 61

Inclusive economic institutions

, 49–50

Inclusive growth

, 2–3, 101, 107

Inclusive institutions

, 49–50

Independent labor unions

, 16

Indigenous innovation

, 192

Industrial, Technological and Foreign Trade Policy (PITCE)

, 73

Industrial clusters

, 88–89, 161

Industrial guidance funds (IGFs)

, 193–194

Industrial policy

, 4, 59, 63–65, 80, 89, 107–108

balanced industrial policy

, 68–70

captured industrial policy

, 70–74

in China

, 191–197

in countries

, 129–133

crony industrial policy

, 74–78

in Egypt

, 77

empirical evidence on SBLR and industrial policy

, 80–83

four modes and industrial policy

, 68–87

Green policies

, 96–98

interrelatedness of three policy fields

, 98–99

SBLR modes and benefits/losses from policies

, 85–87

SBLR modes and enactment of policies

, 83–84

state-business-labor relations and industrial policy

, 65–68

state-dominance industrial policy

, 78–80

technology and innovation policies

, 87–93

in twenty-first century and SBLR

, 87–99

welfare policies

, 93–96

Industrial Revolution

, 12

Industrial sectors

, 69–70

Industrialization

, 12, 61–62

Industry 4.0

, 87–88, 98, 161–162

Inequality

, 3

Information and communication technology (ICT)

, 87, 179

Information technology (IT)

, 3–4, 87

Innovation

, 178

policies

, 87–93

Innovation-Driven Development Strategy (IDDS)

, 193

Institutional complementarities

, 18

Institutional resources

, 15

Intellectual property rights (IPR)

, 64–65, 88

protection

, 119–120

Inter-firm collaboration

, 18

International agreements

, 3

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

, 62

International Labor Organization (ILO)

, 93–94

statistics

, 125–127

International Monetary Funds (IMF)

, 62

International NGOs

, 189

International organizations

, 6

Internationalist rule

, 185

Internet of things (IoT)

, 87

Internet of things and services (IoTS)

, 149

Internet Plus Program

, 193

Interrelatedness of three policy fields

, 98–99

Interweaving crises

, 1–2

Islam

, 207

Keynesianism

, 1

Korea Tripartite Commission

, 36

Kyoto Protocol

, 167

Labor

, 14, 20, 36–37, 201, 204–205

market segmentation

, 16

productivity in Russia

, 182

unions

, 16

Lagrangian function

, 68

Land

, 15

Landsorganisationen (LO)

, 69–70

Late-industrializer state-corporatist regimes

, 48

Leninist Communist party

, 186

Lib-balanced subcategory

, 31

Lib-capture settings

, 116

Lib-capture subcategory

, 36

Liberal market economies (LMEs)

, 5, 18

Liberal-balanced-power SBLR (lib-balanced SBLR)

, 29

Liberal-captured extremes

, 201–202

Liberalization

, 189

Lobbying

, 156

Long-run growth

, 181–182

Low-carbon development strategy

, 180–181

Macroeconomic policies

, 59

Made in China 2025

, 193

Manufacturing Extension Program (MEP)

, 161–162

Manufacturing innovation institutes (MIIs)

, 162

Maoism

, 185–186

Market discipline

, 67

Market mechanisms

, 62

Marxist concept of modes of production

, 20

Marxist-Leninist regimes

, 12, 201

Marxist-Leninist Soviet Union

, 45–46

Marxist-Leninist states

, 42

Medium and Long Term Program of Science and Technology (MLP)

, 192

Metal richness

, 56

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs)

, 14

Middle East and North Africa (MENA)

, 62, 96–97

Mittelstand

, 145

Mixed market economies (MMEs)

, 18–19

Multinational corporations (MNCs)

, 64

Musculoskeletal disorders

, 98–99

Muslims

, 207

National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)

, 157

National Confederation of Industry (CNI)

, 34

National Democratic Party (NDP)

, 41

National Federation of Independent Businesses (NFIB)

, 157, 159

National Industrial Development Council (CNDI)

, 73

National innovation system

, 178–179

National innovation systems (NIS)

, 104

National People’s Congress (NPC)

, 187–188

National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)

, 162

National Socialism

, 141

Nationalism

, 141–142, 185, 190

Natural resources

, 15

Neoclassical industrial policy

, 63

Network for Manufacturing Innovation Program (NNMI)

, 162

New Deal

, 155

New Economic Policy (NEP)

, 42

Occupational safety and health (OSH)

, 93–94

hazards

, 98–99

Oil corporations

, 164

Oil Shocks Crises

, 70

Oligarchs

, 172

Open political system

, 69

Orthodox Christian culture

, 169

Paris Climate Accords (2015)

, 3, 106

Paris Climate Agreement

, 167

Path dependency

, 54–55, 202

between deterministic paths and

, 47

Phosphate extraction

, 97

Physical hazards

, 98–99

Physical resources

, 15

Policies

, 62, 94, 97, 110

implementation

, 95

SBLR modes and enactment of

, 83–84

Political Action Committees (PACs)

, 158

Political extractive institutions

, 49–50

Political liberalization

, 41

Political-economic variables

, 55–56

POSCO

, 76–77

Post-crisis high economic growth

, 1

Post-Washington Consensus

, 48

Postcolonial liberation movements

, 1

Power

, 20

allocation

, 14–17

dynamics

, 17–18

mix

, 201–202

relations

, 11, 14–15, 19, 201

Powerful labor unions

, 32

Predation

, 176, 207

Predatory dominance countries

, 44

Predatory-crony extremes

, 201–202

Pressure groups

, 33–34

Private litigation

, 67

Private SMEs

, 205–206

Productive Development Program (PDP)

, 73

Professional trade unions

, 15–16

ProgRess

, 151

Proportional labor taxes

, 109

Protestantism

, 141–142

Public choice theory

, 68

Public investment

, 72

Public-Private Partnerships (PPP)

, 43, 97

Public–private dialogs (PPD)

, 5, 28

Regressions

, 85–86

analysis

, 116

test

, 84

Rehn Scheme, The

, 69–70

Reindustrialization

, 3–4, 161–162

Renewable energy

, 106–107

Renewable sources

, 96

Republican Party

, 167

Research and development (R&D)

, 18, 102

activities

, 90

tax credits

, 161

Resources

, 50

endowments

, 50

Rosatom and Rostec

, 177–178

Rosnano and Vneshekonombank

, 177–178

Roy Harrod and Evsey Domar model, The

, 101

Russia

, 125, 127

policy profile

, 133

Russia SBLR

characteristics

, 170–171, 176

origins in

, 169–170

Russian economy

, 182

Russian industrial policy

, 176–181

Green policy

, 180–181

policy level and effectiveness in Russia

, 177

technology and innovation policy

, 178–179

welfare policy

, 180

Russian Tripartite Commission (RTC)

, 176

Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RUIE)

, 173, 175

Russian-Ukrainian War

, 1–2

Scandinavian countries

, 69–70

Schumpeterian endogenous approach

, 102

Second Industrial Revolutions

, 47–48, 60

Second World War

, 1, 101

Sectoral CLA

, 30–31

Separation payments

, 93–94

Shock therapy

, 172–173

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs)

, 14, 65–66, 88–89, 108, 158–159

Social actors

, 36–37

Social capital

, 89

Social Democratic Party (SPD)

, 69–70, 141

Social Democrats

, 70

Social Market Economy approach

, 141

Socialist Unity Party

, 141

Solar Energy Industry Association (TASC)

, 164

Solow-Swan model

, 102

Sound policies

, 64

South Korean state, The

, 75–76

Soviet economy

, 176–177

Soviet industrial policy

, 79–80

Soviet industrialization, The

, 78–79

Soviet legacy

, 169

Soviet Union

, 42, 44–45, 186

Stalinist industrialization model

, 61, 79

State, The

, 14, 201

State capture

, 31, 36, 172–173

modes

, 201, 204–205

State consolidation of power and predatory-crony capitalism

, 173–176

State corporatist states

, 42–43

State intervention

, 59–60

State involvement

, 72

State-business relations (SBR)

, 5, 64–65

State-business-labor relations (SBLR)

, 4–5, 11–13, 40–41, 101, 107

actors

, 14–17

balanced relations

, 24–31

changing SBLR Modes

, 45–46

characteristics in China

, 187

in China

, 139

in countries

, 125–129

crony relations

, 36–41

deterministic forces and SBLR

, 47–54

effect

, 202–203

empirical evidence on

, 80–83

empirical suggestions

, 55–57

framework

, 5–6

general case

, 65–68

history and SBLR

, 54–55

and industrial policy

, 65–68

and industrial policy in China

, 191–197

industrial policy in twenty-first century and

, 87–99

mapping modes

, 20–24

modes, policies, and growth paths

, 114, 116, 120

modes and benefits/losses from policies

, 85–87

modes and enactment of policies

, 83–84

between path dependency and deterministic paths

, 47

to Policy to Growth Path

, 136–139

in Russia

, 139, 169–170

effect of SBLR power modes on growth paths

, 116–120

state capture

, 31–36

state-dominated relations

, 42–45

in USA

, 7–8

State-capture SBLR mode

, 22, 173, 202

State-corporatist regime

, 201

State-dominance industrial policy

, 78–80

State-dominance modes

, 201

State-dominance relations in China

, 185–186

State-dominance SBLR

, 22, 78, 84, 87, 90, 93

State-dominated relations

, 42–45

State-in-society approach

, 13

State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC)

, 188

State-owned enterprises (SOEs)

, 14, 48, 62, 96–97, 188

State-society cooperation

, 28

State-society modes and origin

actors and power relations

, 11–19

dimensions

, 17–19

four SBLR modes

, 20–46

SBLR

, 11–13

SBLR actors and power allocation

, 14–17

State-society relations

, 13, 201

favoritism, state power, and growth paths

, 107–120

SBLR and inclusive and sustainable growth in today’s world

, 101–107

SBLR modes, policies, and growth paths

, 114–120

State-utility-based innovation-decision (SUBID)

, 109

Statism

, 1

Stigler’s capture theory

, 67

Strategic Organizing Center (SOC)

, 159

Structural transformation

, 59

Styrene

, 98–99

Subcategorization

, 40

SUBID model

, 110, 112, 114

Subsidies

, 62

Sustainability

, 101, 135, 167, 183, 198–199

Sustainability Forum

, 151

Sustainable development goals (SDGs)

, 2

Sustainable growth

, 2–3

in today’s world

, 101–107

Svenska Arbetgivarföreningen (SAF)

, 69–70

Swedish industrial policy

, 70

Tax incentives

, 62

Technology

, 90

policies

, 87, 89, 93, 192, 194

Three stage least squares model (3SLS model)

, 84

Trade unions

, 149, 170–172, 189–190

Transparency International’s corruption index

, 21

Triple Alliance

, 72

Tycoons

, 5–6, 17, 34, 65, 70–72, 157–158, 172, 189, 201, 204–205

Unconventional fossil resources

, 167

Unionization

, 166

United Nations Millennium Development Goals (UN Millennium Development Goals)

, 2

United States of America

, 125

Unity unionism principle

, 16, 146

Urbanization

, 185

US SBLR

characteristics

, 156–157, 160

growth path of USA

, 164–167

industrial policy

, 160–164

institutional origins

, 156

origins

, 155–156

USA

, 129, 132, 136, 139

Value added (VA)

, 55–56

Variables

, 135

Varieties of capitalism (VoC)

, 5, 18, 28

Variety of Democracy dataset

, 125–127

Venture capital

, 119

Voice and Accountability indicator (V&A indicator)

, 21–22, 84

War Communism policies

, 42

Waxman-Markey Bill

, 164

WDI

, 112

Weimar Republic

, 141

Welfare policies

, 93, 96, 162–163, 195–196, 203–205

Western world

, 105

Work councils

, 146

Worker centers

, 159–160

World Bank

, 6

World Economic Forum

, 6

World Trade Organization (WTO)

, 192

Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI)

, 21, 125, 127