Index
Ethics and Integrity in Visual Research Methods
ISBN: 978-1-78769-420-0, eISBN: 978-1-78769-419-4
ISSN: 2398-6018
Publication date: 5 June 2020
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2020), "Index", Dodd, S. (Ed.) Ethics and Integrity in Visual Research Methods (Advances in Research Ethics and Integrity, Vol. 5), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 199-206. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2398-601820200000005017
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Note: Page numbers followed by “n” indicate notes.
Academic(s)
, 187, 189
archives as academic creative practice
, 148–150
institutions
, 74, 193
Access/accessible/accessibility
, 3, 7, 12, 15–16, 24, 33, 40, 44, 48, 77, 89, 95, 98–99, 106, 122–123, 134–150, 154, 173, 196
Accountable/accountability
, 58, 107, 109
Accurate/accuracy
, 3–4 71, 76, 135–137, 140, 178
Action research
, 17, 114
double-loop
, 119
interpretive challenge for
, 178–179
video-mediated
, 115
Action-focussed research, visual data in
, 173–176
ActionAid
, 73–74
Afghanistan
, 45
Agency
, 16, 32, 58, 72, 77, 100, 107, 109, 112, 117, 121, 124, 135, 190
Analyse/analysis
, 2, 4, 7, 16, 195
ethical considerations at
, 164–167
participant-informed
, 41
reception
, 176
Anonymise/anonymity
, 21–24, 30, 33–36, 110, 117
Appropriate/appropriation
, 4–5, 7, 40, 49, 52, 54, 57, 60, 89, 106–107, 111, 122–125, 134–150, 155, 165, 178, 191–192
Archives
, 134
approaching as academic creative practice
, 148–150
direct reuse
, 137–140
effect
, 143–144
indirect reuse
, 140–143
recycling
, 135–137
Aristotle
Aristotelian virtues
, 189
practical wisdom
, 106
Asylum
, 13–14, 22, 25
Audience/audiencehood
, 177
risks through video playback
, 120–121
trusting
, 145–148
Authentic/authenticity
, 135–137, 140, 144, 146–147
Authorship
, 6, 13, 21, 23, 24, 94, 110, 119–120, 195
Autonomy
, 190
whilst building inclusion
, 114–117
Avoiding harm
, 112–114
Bangladesh
, 46, 48, 50, 52–55, 58, 85
Banks, M.
, 8n1, 165
Berger, J.
, 24
Biases
, 50
Blurring
, 31, 41
Bond People in the Pictures group
, 61
British Film Institute
, 136
Butler, J.
, 14
Calais Jungle camp
, 12–26
Canada
, 7, 100, 160
Care with content
, 54–55
Centre national de l’audiovisuel (CNA)
, 134
Children
, 73–74, 76
visual communication materials
, 44
Co-construction processes
, 119–120
Co-produce/co-production
, 2, 32
drawings
, 40
Code of Conduct on Images and Messages
, 72–73
Collaborative/collaboration
, 21, 95, 159, 173, 197
approach to ethnography
, 32
authorship
, 195
planning
, 18
practices
, 17
research
, 32, 37, 108–110, 155
video
, 112
Collegial ethics
, 197
Collier, J.
, 17, 32, 156
Collier, M.
, 32
Colonial gaze
, 72
Coloniality
, 23–24
Communication
, 58
theories of active audience
, 176
thought on communication purpose
, 121–122
Community
, 63n1, 159
Compassion fatigue
, 72
Conceptual-methodological framework
, 17–19
Confidentiality
, 75
Conflict
, 14, 33–34, 36, 140, 148, 175
Consent
, 23–25, 75–77, 116
specifying usages, audiences, and dissemination platforms
, 122–123
Context/contextual
background information
, 31, 165
challenges
, 108
choices
, 111
decision-making
, 36
dynamics
, 116–117
information
, 32
knowledge
, 109
research
, 140
situatedness of ethics
, 167
Contributors
, 44
Convention on Rights of the Child
, 184n1
Covington protest video
, 172
Data
collection
, 31–32, 34, 36–37, 46, 175, 191
integrity
, 41
visual data
, 1–2, 4–5, 173–176, 193–196
Decolonial/decolonising/decoloniality/decolonise
, 17
educational practices
, 13
practice
, 6
practice, photography, and ethics
, 21–23
Depicting Injustice
, 17
Designing interviews with children
, 54–55
Digital
cameras
, 24
media
, 174–179
storytelling
, 106
Dignity
, 164
Dignity-in-context approach
, 165
Direct reuse of archives
, 137–140
Disability
, 69, 173
Discrimination/discriminated/discriminate
, 15, 22, 108, 174
against
, 69, 80, 107, 109, 123
Disposable cameras
, 24
Dissemination
platforms
, 122–123
stage
, 164–167
Diversity/diversify
, 71–72, 107, 193
social spaces
, 108
spaces
, 113, 120–121
Drawing
, 36–37
Dublin Accord
, 13–14
Duty of care
, 77
Editing process
, 24
Education
, 14
Egypt
, 109
Emergent ethics for visual methodologies
, 110–111
Empathy/empathetic
, 190, 195
Empower/empowerment
, 107, 159
Engage/engagement
, 6–7, 18, 35–36, 48, 68, 74, 99, 101, 112–113, 115, 121–122, 147, 154, 159, 174, 174, 181–182, 197
Entertainment
, 135–137
Equity
, 94, 173
Ethical/ethics
of care
, 111
clearance
, 39–40
conduct
, 18
decolonisation
, 21–23
filmmaking, issues in
, 93–101
in practice
, 18
literacy
, 190
of photography and film
, 4–5
policies on image gathering
, 88–90
predictions
, 54–56
relationality of
, 17–19, 25–26
review
, 40, 110, 116, 160, 166, 190, 192–193
risks
, 51–54
Ethical filmmaking
, 93–94
challenges
, 96
exhibition
, 98–100
follow up responsibilities
, 100–101
post production
, 97–98
production
, 96–97
Ethnographic research
, 6, 31
participant anonymity in
, 33–36
participant-produced photographs in
, 31–33
post-conflict
, 36–39
Ethnographic turn
, 176
Ethnography/ethnographer
, 31–33
European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
, 64n19, 123
Exhibition
, 98–100, 134–150
Exploite/exploitation
, 70, 73, 78, 196
Fake news
, 172, 177–178
Families and Schools Together Programme (FAST)
, 54
Fieldwork
, 34–36, 53, 119
Film Freeway
, 99
Film(ing)
ethics and integrity
, 4–5
no filming during research
, 49–50
scholarship
, 195
zooming in on
, 2–4
Filmmaker, trusting
, 143–145
Financial/finances
, 95
challenges
, 39
resources
, 163
Focus groups with children
, 54–55
Fotohistorias
, 16
Foucault/Foucauldian framework
, 12, 149
Four-country research project
, 44–47
ethical predictions
, 54–56
modelling principles of participation and protection
, 47–51
photo elicitation
, 51–54
unexpected ethical encounters
, 56–58
Framework
conceptual-methodological
, 17–19
Foucault/Foucauldian
, 12, 149
relational ethical
, 111
Freelance photographers
, 70
Ghana
, 109
Guidelines
, 187–188, 192–194
ethical
, 70, 191
institutional
, 190
‘one-size-fits-all’ guidelines
, 2
UNICEF
, 81
Haiti
, 93–94, 96
Halifax community
, 157
Harper, D.
, 51, 64n13
History/historical
, 195
accuracy
, 146
cinema
, 136, 141
context
, 15
of displacement
, 12
films
, 145–146
human rights treaty in
, 73
Irish history
, 147
productions
, 137
HIV/AIDS
, 26n1
Human rights
, 69, 99
abuses and injustice
, 68
treaty
, 73
Human Rights Media Centre
, 97
Human Rights Watch
, 85
Hyperlinking
, 179
Hypertext
, 179
Icon/iconicity
, 3–4
Identity
, 53, 59
distortion and objectification
, 165
of information collector
, 75
of research participants
, 32, 39, 76
social
, 109
Image-making
, 4, 6, 45–46, 49–50, 55, 59, 188
Images
, 57–58, 69, 184n2
inclusion of editorial guidance with
, 181
as tool to generate discussion
, 49
use of online platforms for publication
, 180
of vulnerable populations
, 68
Images online
interpretation of
, 176–178
monitoring and tracking of images published online
, 181
Immigrant families
, 157
Immigrant Settlement Association of Nova Scotia
, 159
Imperial War Museum
, 136, 144
In-camera editing
, 119
of editorial guidance with images
, 181
Inclusive/inclusion
, 107–108, 114
dynamics
, 116–117
Index/indexicality
, 2–4, 195–196
India
, 45, 68, 78–79, 81, 109, 114, 123, 125
Indian Penal Code (IPC)
, 92n1
Indigenous communities
, 155
Indirect reuse of archives
, 140–143
Informed consent
, 69–70, 73–76, 158
children
, 73–74, 76
duty of care
, 77
informed participants
, 40
policies and practices
, 68
problem identification
, 71–73
risk
, 76
solution identification
, 77–88
Institute of Development Studies (IDS)
, 114
Integrity
, 190
of photography and film
, 4–5
Intellectual virtues
, 190
International Visual Sociology Association Code (IVSA Code)
, 193
International Women’s Media Foundation (IWMF)
, 78
Internet
, 173, 180
Interpretive/interpreter/interpretation
, 7, 16, 32, 37, 41, 52, 94, 96–97, 108, 120, 122, 143, 158
art
, 40
challenge for action research
, 178–179
contexts
, 176–177
environment
, 178
processes
, 176
user
, 172–181
Intersectionality(ies)
, 16
Interview(s)
, 2, 6, 16, 31, 45–47, 49–55, 57–58, 68, 95
participant
, 35
research
, 37–38, 41
It Stays With You (film)
, 95–104
Jordan
, 46, 48, 50, 53
Journalism/journalist(s)
, 178, 191
Justice
, 95, 98, 109–110
social
, 17, 154, 164
Juvenile Justice Act
, 81
Kenya
, 45, 114
Knowledge
, 117
Loach, K.
, 140
Leave-no-one behind
, 106
Listen(ing)
, 6, 15, 26, 134, 140, 179, 196–197
Location and language specific methods
, 48–49
Marginalised/marginalisation
, 108–109, 117
groups
, 123
perceptions to public attention
, 125–127
Mass media
, 176, 178
Media
digital
, 174–179
mass
, 176, 178
social media
, 1, 23, 30, 35, 60, 73, 89, 165–166, 172, 175–178, 178
Mediation
, 96, 99
Memory
, 37, 100, 135, 138
Messaging
, 56
Minority/minorities
, 69, 124
Minors
, 74, 158, 160
Moral
engagement
, 197
orientation
, 110
principles
, 44
sensibility
, 146
Most Significant Change
, 185n6
Moving image
, 4, 45, 51–52, 137, 140
Multimodal narratives
, 15–16
Narrative(s)
multimodal
, 15–16
troubles-related
, 35
visual
, 17
Negative messaging
, 54–55
News
, 20, 35, 48, 57, 137
fake
, 172, 177–178
media
, 89
organisations
, 70
Niger
, 46, 48, 50, 53, 58
No Child Born to Die (2011) campaign
, 56
‘No editing required’ (N-E-R)
, 119
Non-contributors
, 44
Non-governmental organization (NGO)
, 24, 53, 59–60
Non-profit organisations
, 68–74
Northern Ireland
, 31, 34, 36
Objective/objectivity
, 31, 139, 165, 191–192, 195
observer
, 32
position
, 196
Online
images
, 176–178
use of online platforms for publication
, 180
visual data in publishing online
, 173–176
Output(s)
, 117, 123, 125
Ownership
, 23–25
Palestinian territories
, 45, 114
Participant
anonymity in ethnographic research
, 33–36
content authorship
, 119–120
Participant-informed analysis
, 41
Participant-produced drawings
, 29–31
ethical challenges
, 31–33
maintaining participant anonymity in ethnographic research
, 33–36
in post-conflict ethnographic research
, 36–39
Participate research initiative
, 107–108, 114, 123
Participation
, 55–56
choices
, 116
Participatory action research (PAR)
, 107, 109
interpretation of images online
, 176–178
visual data in action-focussed research and publishing online
, 173–176
Participatory filmmaking
, 173–174
Participatory photography
, 25, 155–160
ethical considerations at analysis and dissemination stage
, 164–167
ethical considerations at data collection stage
, 161–164
ethical considerations at research participant training stage
, 160–161
Participatory practices in filmmaking
, 94–95, 98–99
Participatory researchers
, 106
Participatory video
, 106–107, 111, 185n6
affecting factors
, 124
ethical strategies to specific group and particular context
, 123–125
ethical tensions and practice balances
, 115
marginalised perceptions to public attention
, 125–127
navigating between avoiding harm and doing good using
, 112–114
phases
, 113
strategies for ethical navigation
, 114–123
Participatory visual processes
, 113
Participatory visual research
, 179–181
Paternalism
, 6, 33
Patriarchy/patriarchal
, 18, 192, 195
Pauwels, L.
, 36, 165
Peirce, E.
, 2
People in the Pictures: Vital perspectives on Save the Children’s image making
, 44–47, 51–52, 58–59
Performative methods
, 106
Photo elicitation
, 44, 51–54
auto-driven
, 63n5
auto-photo-elicitation
, 64n13
Photographic/photographs/photography
, 30–32, 34–35, 52, 154, 157
decolonisation
, 21–23
through digital manipulation
, 32
ethics and integrity
, 4–5
images
, 154
indexicality
, 2
no photography during research
, 49–50
zooming in on
, 2–4
Photography Ethics Centre
, 190
Photovoice
, 1, 173, 175
Phronesis
, 106
Pink, S.
, 33, 178
Pixelate/pixelation
, 31, 35, 41
Pixsy
, 181
Policy-makers
, 159
Political/politics
boundaries
, 12
contexts
, 33, 40, 77
frameworks
, 13
landscape of Northern Ireland
, 34
locations
, 19
narratives
, 17
resources
, 16
sensitivities
, 34
Post-conflict ethnographic research
, 36–39
Poverty
, 44–46, 53–54, 56, 69–71, 77, 109, 118, 123
Power
, 23–24
Practice decolonisation
, 21–23
Prioritisation of first-hand accounts
, 48
Procedural ethics
, 18
Progressive processes of informing and supporting participation choices
, 115
Project Drouillard
, 95
Prosser, J.
, 39, 189
Protection
, 55–56
children
, 73–74
Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO)
, 92n1
Public communication
, 110
Publish/publication
use of online platforms for
, 180
visual data in publishing online
, 173–176
Qualitative power
, 51
Qualitative research project
, 45
RADIAid
, 45, 55
Reality
, 3
Reality Check
, 115
Reception analysis
, 176
Recycling archive
, 135–137
Reflexivity
, 19
Refugees
, 12–14, 157–158
crisis
, 15
voice of
, 16, 20
Relational ethical frameworks
, 111
Relational ethics for visual methodologies
, 110–111
Relationality of ethics
, 17–19, 25–26
Representation
, 58
Representations
, 20–21, 23–24
of global poverty
, 45
Research and Evaluation Ethics Committee (REEC)
, 46
Research participants
, 53–54
Resource(s)
financial
, 163
political
, 16
Responsibility
, 4–5, 33, 55, 98, 101, 146, 149, 172
ethical
, 18, 136, 195
ethnographer’s
, 33
NGO
, 60
sharing
, 100
social
, 193
Retraumatise
, 83
Rights Exposure
, 88, 93n2
Risk
, 76
of research collaborations with marginalised people
, 108–110
of violence
, 22
Rose, G.
, 4
Safe and inclusive methods and approaches
, 47–48
Save the Children
content
, 47–48, 50–51
filming or photographing
, 46
SCUK
, 46, 56
visual communications
, 44–46
Screen scholarship
, 189–190, 196
Screen scholarship ethics
, 189–190
traditional data research practices
, 190–193
visual data
, 193–196
Semiotic(s)
, 2, 166
Sensitive/sensitivity
of issue
, 124–125
research
, 41n1
Shot-by-shot documentary exercise
, 118
Situated approach
, 107, 110–111
Situated ethics
, 191
for visual methodologies
, 110–111
Social media
, 1, 23, 30, 35, 60, 73, 89, 165–166, 172, 175–178
Social responsibility
, 193
Soft skills
, 111
South Africa
, 109
Spatial Collective
, 115
Stereotype(s)/stereotyping
, 3, 20, 37, 71, 73, 119
Stigma/Stigmatised
, 21–22, 124
groups
, 69, 124–125
Still image
, 45, 137, 144, 181
Storytelling/story-telling
, 6, 15, 155–156, 188, 191–192, 195
Subject(s)
, 21, 24, 73, 77, 108, 118
Subjective/subjectivity
, 3, 48
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
, 107
Testimony/testimonies
, 83, 94–95, 99–101, 172, 195
Through Positive Eyes
, 26n1
Tineye
, 181
Traditional data research practices
, 190–193
Translator/translation
, 13, 50, 158, 163
Transparency
, 59, 74, 96, 98, 196–197
Traumatic/trauma
, 22, 83, 94, 160
events
, 19, 82, 94
personal
, 56
Tried-and-tested strategies
, 108
Trusting
audience
, 145–148
filmmaker
, 143–145
Uganda
, 109
Unequal/inequality
application of ethical standards
, 73
power relationships
, 6, 59, 116
social-political system
, 47
Unexpected ethical encounters
, 56–58
United Kingdom (UK)
, 13–15, 26, 46, 56–58, 60
United Nation (UN)
, 69
United Nations Peacekeepers
, 93–94
United States of America (US/USA)
, 94, 100
University
of East London
, 12
ethics review boards
, 160, 190
of Port-au-Prince
, 100
Use of force
, 93–94
User interpretation
, 172–181
User(s)
, 176–177
digital media
, 178
internet
, 181
social media
, 178
Victim
, 20, 35, 139
Virtue ethics
, 190
Visual communication
, 44–45, 48–50, 52, 54–56, 58
Visual data
, 1–2, 4–5, 193–196
in action-focussed research and publishing online
, 173–176
Visual elicitation
, 2
Visual language
, 4
Visual life stories
, 12–26
Visual method(s)/visual methodology(ies)
, 31–32, 106–107
situated, relational, and emergent ethics for
, 110–111
Visual narratives
, 17
Visual research methods
, 1–5, 173–176
Visual researcher-practitioners
, 107
Visual storytelling
, 15–16
Visuals materials
, 111
Voice of refugee/forced migrant
, 16, 20
Voices from the Jungle (Calais Writers)
, 12–13, 18, 26
Vulnerable population
, 68–72, 88
of adults
, 69
Wiles, R.
, 36
Women
, 48, 57–58, 69, 85, 107, 140–141, 147, 158, 163
Youth/young people
, 7, 20, 45, 116, 121
with refugee experience
, 154–167
- Prelims
- Introduction: Ethics and Integrity in Visual Research Methods
- Part I: Voice and Agency
- Chapter 1: Decolonisation, Representation, and Ethics in Visual Life Stories from the Jungle
- Chapter 2: Using Participant-Produced Drawings as an Alternative to Photographs in Ethnographic Research
- Chapter 3: The People in the Pictures Research: Taking Care with Photo Elicitation
- Part II: Power and Inequality
- Chapter 4: ‘Can I Take Your Photo?’ The Practicalities of Managing Informed Consent with Vulnerable Populations
- Chapter 5: Possibilities and Challenges: Issues in Ethical Filmmaking using It Stays with you as a Case Study
- Chapter 6: Navigating the Necessary Risks and Emergent Ethics of Using Visual Methods with Marginalised People
- Part III: Context and Representation
- Chapter 7: Ethics and the Archive: Access, Appropriation, Exhibition
- Chapter 8: Ethical Issues in a Participatory Photography Research Project Involving Youth with Refugee Experience
- Chapter 9: Letting Images ‘Speak for Themselves’? User Interpretation and the Ethical Considerations for Sharing Visual Data Online
- Chapter 10: The Ethics of Screen Scholarship
- Index