Index
Sustainable Railway Engineering and Operations
ISBN: 978-1-83909-589-4, eISBN: 978-1-83909-588-7
ISSN: 2044-9941
Publication date: 8 August 2022
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2022), "Index", Blainey, S. and Preston, J. (Ed.) Sustainable Railway Engineering and Operations (Transport and Sustainability, Vol. 14), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 331-343. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2044-994120220000014021
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Note: Page numbers followed by “n” indicate notes.
A-weighted sound level
, 129
Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)
, 310
Acceleration
, 143
resistance to
, 143–144
Access
, 253
Accessibility
, 6, 8, 20, 33, 48, 174, 261
Accuracy
, 256
Acoustics
, 114
frequency analysis
, 116–117
practical measurement quantities
, 118–120
sound levels and decibels
, 114–116
sound travel
, 117–118
Active safety role
, 154
Active crossing
, 301
Activity-based modelling technique
, 14
Aerodynamic noise
, 125
Agent-based modelling technique
, 14
Airborne transmission
, 125–126
‘Alimentation par Sol’ system (APS system)
, 175
Amsterdam train collision
, 306
Anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs)
, 307
Anxiety
, 30
Appraisal
, 16–17
Approach behaviour
, 27, 29–30
Approach locking
, 231
Appropriateness of trackbed design method
, 84
Apps
, 246
Articulated train sets
, 165–168
Artificial intelligence (AI)
, 241
Asphalted track systems
, 62
Assessment methods
, 312–313
Assets
, 326
Association Européenne pour l’Interopérabilité Ferroviaire (AEIF)
, 156
Association of Community Rail Partnerships (ACoRP) (see Community Rail Network)
Association of Train Operating Companies (ATOC)
, 307
Attention
, 43
Attractive
, 33
Automatic route setting (ARS)
, 237
Automatic train operation (ATO)
, 245
Automatic train protection (ATP)
, 225, 233, 246
classification of
, 233–234
European Train Control System
, 234
Automation technologies
, 237–238, 240
Availability
, 249
Averch–Johnson effect
, 273
Avoidance behaviour
, 27, 29–30
Axle counter
, 228
Ballast
, 99, 101, 106, 123, 196
Ballasted track systems
, 62–65
Big data analytics
, 240, 251
Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME)
, 242
Block systems
, 227
fixed
, 227–229
moving
, 229
Borrowings
, 284, 289–291
Braking system
, 121
British Rail modernisation programme
, 267
British Transport Act
, 287
Broad-based community engagement
, 45
Building information modelling (BIM)
, 255
Built largely as elevated (see ‘Skytrain’ system)
Bus alternative
, 178–179
Business continuity
, 260
Cab signalling
block systems
, 227–229
cab signalling with fixed block sections
, 225–226
cab signalling with moving block
, 226–227
train control by
, 225
Cab structure analysis model
, 165
Cairo Metro
, 185
Cant
deficiency
, 67–68, 139
equilibrium
, 67
Capacity
, 203–217
Capital grants
, 284
Capital investment
, 182
Car body validation
, 164
Carbon emissions
, 42
Care
, 130
Careful planning
, 10
Cast-iron brake blocks
, 121
Central Station Leiden
, 34
Central Station Rotterdam
, 34
Centralised control
, 236–237
Centre for Research into Energy Demand Solutions (CREDS)
, 44
Chiselling
, 272
Civil engineering
, 266
Clapham Junction rail accident
, 307
Classic household location models
, 181
Clear strategy
, 287
Climate crisis
, 43
‘Climate emergency’
, 43
Cloud communications
, 248
Cloud computing
, 240
Cloud providers
, 248
Coil springs
, 141
Collative dimensions
, 28
Comfort
, 22–23
experience
, 28
Commercial freedoms
, 282
Common safety indicators (CSIs)
, 296
Communications
, 248
communications-based train control
, 245
research
, 45
Communications Based Train Control (CBTC)
, 171
Community engagement
, 43–46
Community rail
, 42–43
exploring community rail’s position and power to influence sustainability
, 46–54
future development and lines of inquiry
, 54–56
partnership
, 328
postscript
, 56–57
reviewing research
, 43–46
Community Rail Network
, 42, 53
Commuter vehicles
, 153
Competition and Markets Authority (CMA)
, 273
Computable general equilibrium modelling (CGE modelling)
, 198
Computer simulation
, 312
Computer-aided engineering tools
, 255
Computers development
, 240
Concrete sleepers
, 64
Conflicting routes
, 231–232
‘Connected commuter’
, 246
Conrail
, 278n1
Contact patch
, 135–137, 146
Continuously welded rail (CWR)
, 64
Contract plan
, 287
Corrugation
, 121, 142–143
Cost
, 13, 193
controlling
, 15–16
of urban rail construction
, 12
Cost–benefit analysis (CBA)
, 16, 300
Covid-19 crisis
, 260
Crash management system (CMS)
, 309
Crash process model (CPM)
, 154–155
Crash safety
, 311, 314
Crash scenarios
category CI vehicles
, 158
design cases
, 164–165
like-to-like impact at 36 km/h with 40 mm vertical offset
, 159
like to like impact
, 158–159
train against 80t UIC Standard Wagon Impact
, 159–160
train against level crossing object impact
, 160
train against small object impact
, 160–164
Crash simulations
, 306
Crashworthiness
, 153
CPM
, 154–155
crash scenarios category CI vehicles
, 158–165
design for structural crashworthiness
, 156
European Standards and Regulations
, 156–158
role of active and passive safety
, 154
‘Creep control’
, 138
Creep forces
, 139
Critical timing
, 256
Critical velocity
, 95–96
Cronbach’s alpha
, 32
Curve squeal
, 123–125
Curving behaviour
, 138–139
Customer
buy-in
, 249–250
customer-centric railway
, 262
experience
, 13
facing technologies
, 249–250
needs
, 21–23
Cutting
, 93
Cyber-physical systems
, 241
Cybersecurity
, 250
Damping
, 141
‘DART’ system
, 172
Data analytics
, 241, 250–251
challenges
, 251–253
SE
, 258–260
simulation and modelling
, 253–256
transformational leadership
, 256–258
Data management
, 253
Data transmission
, 234
‘De-politicalisation’
, 287
Debt
, 289–291
Decarbonisation
, 240
Deceleration rate
, 164
Decibel (dB)
, 114–115, 118
Deep-seated rotational failure
, 99
Deficit funding
, 286
Demand
, 6
side factors
, 12
Den Haag Holland Spoor Station
, 33
Department for Transport (DfT)
, 46, 55, 270
Community Rail Development Strategy
, 47
Depreciation
, 284–285
Derailment
, 142
Design
methodology
, 314
validation
, 320
Design, Build, Finance, Operate scheme (DBFO scheme)
, 277
Determinants of injury severity
, 309
Diesel multiple unit (DMU)
, 145
Digital inspection tools
, 247–248
Digital railway
, 240
addressing challenges
, 261–262
data analytics
, 250–253
digital technologies
, 243–250
digitalisation for sustainability
, 241–243
elements of
, 243
Digital revolution
, 240
Digital signaling
, 245
Digital technologies
, 243–244
challenges
, 249
command and control
, 245–246
communications
, 248
cybersecurity
, 250
identifying and incorporating technologies
, 249
interoperability
, 250
mobility
, 246–247
obsolescence management
, 249
reliability and availability
, 249–250
staff buy-in
, 250
supply chain
, 247–248
supply chain sustainability
, 249
technologies radar for horizon scanning
, 245
‘Digital twin’
, 253–254
Digitalisation
, 240
for sustainability
, 241–243
‘Direct demand’ models
, 14
Displacements
, 99
Diversity
, 258
Drainage
, 96
Driverless operation
, 177
Dutch Safety Board (DSB)
, 306
Earth embankments
, 92
Earthworks
, 92, 106
embankment and cutting
, 93
management, repair and stabilisation methods
, 106–108
modern earthworks design and construction
, 93–96
modern problems with old earthworks
, 99–106
old earthwork construction
, 96–98
Economic benefits
, 8, 15, 197, 286
Economic sustainability
, 12
controlling costs
, 15–16
other sources of revenue and economic benefits
, 15
predicting demand
, 12–15
Economic sustainability
, 2
Effects of railways on urban structure
, 180–182
Electrical engineering
, 266
Embankment
, 93
Emotions
, 28
Enabling actions
, 287
End-tipping gave embankments
, 98
Energy absorption
, 154, 158, 163, 311
components
, 165
concept for articulated vehicles
, 167
device prior to crushing
, 167
post crush
, 168
Energy consumption for urban railways
, 149–150
Engineering principles
, 326
Environmental impact of HSR
, 195
Environmental noise limits and noise mapping
, 127–128
Environmental quality
, 27
Environmental sustainability
, 2, 9, 12
assessing risk and resilience
, 12
choosing route
, 9–11
whole-life impact assessment
, 11
Environmental variables
, 22
Equality
, 258
Equations of motion
, 145
Equilibrium cant
, 67
Equity, issues of
, 183–184
Equivalent continuous sound level (Leq)
, 119
European Association for Railway Interoperability (see Association Européenne pour l’Interopérabilité Ferroviaire (AEIF))
European Commission (EC)
, 308
European Committee for Standardisation (CEN)
, 156, 308
European Rail Agency (ERA)
, 312
European Rail Community
, 308
European Rail Traffic Management System (ERT MS)
, 154–155, 234, 246
European Shift2Rail programme
, 243
European Standards and Regulations
, 156–158
European Train Control System (ETCS)
, 234–235, 246
Level 1
, 236
Level 2
, 236
Level 3
, 236
European Union (EU)
, 187
European Union Agency for Railways (EUAR)
, 296
Excessive plastic deformation
, 86
Excitement
, 30
Experience
, 22–23
Factor analyses
, 32
Failure
, 182
modes of
, 99
Fast and slow area
, 24
Fatalities at level crossings
, 301–302
Fatigue, wear and
, 142–143
Feelable vibration
, 129
Finance
, 327
Financial appraisal
, 16
Financial sustainability
, 182–183, 281, 282–283
Financially sustainable railway
, 291
capital grants/borrowings/investment requirements
, 284
financial sustainability
, 282–283
long-term financing
, 289–291
operating costs and depreciation
, 284–285
operating grant and subsidies
, 284
operating revenue
, 283
railway financial outgoings and sources of revenue
, 282
short-term financing
, 285–289
short/medium and long term
, 285
5G radio technology
, 234, 248
Fixed block sections, cab signalling with
, 225–226
Flank protection
, 232–233
Fostering innovation
, 260
Fouling material
, 65
Frequency analysis
, 116–117
Friction coefficient
, 138
Future Rail Mobile Communication System (FRMCS)
, 234
Future Traffic Regulation Optimisation programme (FuTRO programme)
, 214
G44 sleeper
, 64
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
, 253
Generic procedures
, 11
Geometrical constraints
, 69
Geotextiles
, 107
Global System for Mobile Communications–Railway (GSM-R)
, 234, 248
Gradual subgrade failure
, 86
Great Britain
, 271
Greathead Shield method
, 174
Ground vibration
, 114, 129
Ground-borne noise and vibration
, 128–130
Halo effect
, 28
Hatfield train accident (2000)
, 270
Head injury criteria (HIC)
, 319
Hedonic tone
, 28
Hertz theory
, 135
High Speed 2 (HS2)
, 93, 208
High-level output specification (HLOS)
, 270
High-plasticity clays
, 94
High-speed networks
, 241
High-speed rail (HSR)
, 152, 187–188
benefit
, 196–199
high-speed line system development
, 188–192
sustainability of
, 193–199
technical characteristics
, 192–193
temporal tipping points
, 199–200
High-speed railway
, 93
High-speed train route
, 62
High-speed vehicles
, 152–153
Historical development
, 206
HSR-COMET project
, 25
Human bio-modelling and testing
, 309–310
Human error
, 299
Hunting
, 135, 139, 142
Hyperbolic discounting
, 17
Impact noise
, 123
Impact object shape
, 318
Impact object stiffness
, 319
Impact velocity
, 317–318
In situ geology
, 94–95
Inclusion
, 258
Income distribution, issues of
, 183–184
Industry 4.0
, 240, 247
sustainability functions of
, 241
Inertial measurement units (IMUs)
, 79
Infrastructure provision
, 303
Injury criteria
, 309–310
Injury severity, determinants of
, 309
Intelligent train control and monitoring systems
, 155
Intensity
, 117–118
Interchanges, layout of
, 23–27
Interior passive safety
assessment methods
, 312–313
description of feasible standard and rationale behind requirements
, 311–312
designing to requirement
, 313
determinants of injury severity
, 309
impact object shape
, 318
impact object stiffness
, 319
impact velocity
, 317–318
injury criteria and use of human bio-modelling and testing
, 309–310
minimising passenger injury
, 317
need for passive safety requirement
, 307–309
occupant containment
, 313–316
passenger injury
, 316
effect of seat and feature locations
, 319
effect of seat pitch and height
, 316
validation of design
, 320
Interlocking principles
, 229
conflicting routes
, 231–232
flank protection
, 232–233
interlocking routes
, 229–230
overlaps
, 233
route locking
, 230–231
International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE)
, 259
International Energy Agency (IEA)
, 149
International Railway Journal (IRJ)
, 209–210
International Railway Union (UIC)
, 188
Internet of things (IoT)
, 240, 241
Interoperability
, 250
Inverted U-curve
, 28
and psychological reversal
, 29
Investment
, 289–291
requirements
, 284
Japanese National Railways (JNR)
, 271
Journey time
economic benefits of reduced
, 197
end-to-end
, 9
incremental
, 199
rail
, 13
reducing
, 8
Jubilee Line Extension (JLE)
, 180
Key performance indicators
, 150
Kinematic oscillation
, 134
Klingel motion
, 134
L’Autorail Grande Capacité (AGC)
, 164
Laminated rubber-metal springs
, 141
Land use transport interaction (LUTI)
, 197
Land-use patterns
, 12–13
Layout of interchanges
, 23–27
Learning curve for quality improvement
, 32
Leiden Central Station
, 34
Level crossings, fatalities at
, 301–302
Li and Selig’s method
, 86
Life cycle analysis
, 11
Lineside signals, train control by
, 222–225
London Underground
, 97, 107, 171, 176, 180, 182, 205, 274–275
Long-Term Evolution–Railway (LTE-R)
, 248
Long-term financing
, 289–291
Machine learning (ML)
, 241
Management dimensions
, 30
Management plan
, 287
Manchester Metrolink
, 274
Market-led proposals (MLPs)
, 277
‘Market-led’ approach
, 216
Mass Transit Railway (MTR)
, 205
Matlab
, 87n1
Matrix management
, 267–268
Maximum contact pressure
, 135
Measuring quality
, 79
Mechanical engineering
, 266
Mechanised railway systems
, 1
MERLIN project
, 150
Metal coil springs
, 141
‘Metro’ systems
, 172
Mitigation measure for curve squeal
, 124
Mobility as a Service offering
, 328
Modal integration
, 209
Modal shift
, 48, 53, 183, 199, 209–211, 213, 216, 240, 241, 327
Model sharing
, 256
Modern earthworks
critical velocity
, 95–96
design and construction
, 93
drainage and vegetation
, 96
earthworks settlement and heave
, 94–95
introduction
, 93–94
slope stability
, 94
Modern locomotives
, 92
Modern problems with old earthworks
, 99–106
Modern sleepers
, 64
Modes of failure
, 99
Monitoring and evaluation
, 17
Monte Carlo simulation
, 11
Motion
equations of
, 145
resistance to
, 143–144
Moving and staying
, 24
Moving block
, 227
Multidisciplinary-engineered system
, 259
Multidivisional structure
, 269
National-level ticketing
, 328
Network Rail (NR)
, 270, 291
in United Kingdom
, 103
New measurement train (NMT)
, 75
Noise
, 113
acoustics
, 114–120
aerodynamic noise
, 125
curve squeal
, 123–125
ground-borne noise and vibration
, 128–130
impact noise
, 123
limits and mapping
, 126–128
other sources of noise
, 125
railway noise sources
, 120
rolling noise
, 120–123
sustained exposure
, 113–114
vehicle interior noise
, 125–126
Noise barriers and window insulation
, 128
Noise Insulation Regulations
, 127
Noise limits on individual trains
, 126–127
‘Non-user benefits’
, 7
Normal contact
, 135–137
Notified Body (NoBo)
, 151
Obsolescence management
, 249
Occupant kinematics
, 310
Occupant Protection and Egress in Rail Systems (OPERAS)
, 312
Office of Passenger Rail Franchising (OPRAF)
, 269
Office of Rail and Road (ORR)
, 206, 250, 269
Old earthwork
construction
, 96–98
modern problems with
, 99
overview
, 99–100
transitions onto bridge structures
, 106
ultimate failure
, 101–104
vegetation and serviceability issues
, 104–105
One-size-fits-all solution
, 328
Openness
, 261
Operating costs
, 284–285
Operational Philosophy (OP)
, 214
‘Opposing locking’
, 232
Optimal arousal theory
, 28
Optimism bias
, 290
Organisational reform
, 285–289
Origin–destination matrix (OD matrix)
, 14
OSIRIS project
, 150
Overall sustainability
, 16–17
Overcrowding
, 272
Overhead line electrification (OLE)
, 99
Overlaps
, 233
Ownership
, 253, 273–275
Pandemic
, 13, 45, 211–212, 277–278
Paratelic state
, 29
Paris Metro
, 173, 177, 178, 185n2
Passenger injury
, 316
minimising
, 317
Passenger rolling stock
, 150
articulated train sets
, 165–168
crashworthiness
, 153–165
high-speed vehicles
, 152–153
materials
, 168
rail vehicle taxonomy
, 151–152
regional and commuter vehicles
, 153
Passenger train service operations
, 278
Passengers in excess of capacity (PIXC)
, 272
Passive safety
design
, 306
requirement
, 307–309
role
, 154
‘Passive’ crossing
, 301
Pattern of railway
fatalities
, 296–297
network
, 207
Pay as you go (PAYG)
, 172
People
, 31
Permanent Way Institution (PWI)
, 69
Persons with restricted mobility (PRM)
, 272, 307
Physical barriers
, 10
Place
, 31
Planning
, 75–79
economic sustainability
, 12–16
environmental sustainability
, 9–12
overall sustainability
, 16–17
social sustainability
, 6–9
system and route planning for sustainable railway system
, 5–6
Plastic Bodyform
, 312–313
‘Plug-and-play’ approach
, 249
Politics
, 285–289
Post-occupancy evaluation
, 25–26
Power supply and energy
, 174–176
Practical measurement quantities
, 118–120
Preferred noise criterion (PNC)
, 129
Primary collision
, 309
‘Prime user’ model
, 288
Privatisation
, 268, 274
initial privatised structure
, 270
Processes
, 31
‘Production-led’ approach
, 216
Profitability
, 2
Progressive shear failure
, 86
Public control
, 272
Public performance measure (PPM)
, 272
Public service obligations (PSOs)
, 282
contract payments
, 286
Public–private partnerships (PPPs)
, 274
Pyramid of customer needs
, 21–23
Quality
learning curve for quality improvement
, 32
measurement
, 79
Quality dimensions
in order of importance
, 23
of service
, 31
Quality of transport interchanges
, 21–23
Quantitative regression analyses
, 21
Radio Block Centre (RBC)
, 229, 246
Radio-based data transmission
, 234
Rail corrugation
, 142
Rail dampers
, 122
Rail deflection
, 70
Rail Delivery Group (RDG)
, 44
Rail inclination
, 134
Rail roughness
, 121
Rail safety
, 303–304
appraisal of railway safety measures
, 300–301
fatalities at level crossings
, 301–302
pattern of railway fatalities
, 296–297
personal fatalities
, 302
rail restructuring and rail safety
, 303–304
train accidents
, 297–300
trespassers and suicides
, 302–303
Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB)
, 245, 273, 307–308
Rail Technical Strategy (RTS)
, 241
Rail traffic management technologies
, 236
automation technologies
, 237–238
centralised control
, 236–237
Rail-specific regression modelling approach
, 14
Railway network
development
, 2
in United Kingdom
, 96–97
Railway profiles
, 134–135
Railway station and interchange design
experience work
, 27–31
focus on passenger
, 20–21
layout of interchanges
, 23–27
measuring all relevant quality aspects
, 32–36
quality of transport interchanges
, 21–23
Railway track system
ballasted track systems
, 63–65
locations of enhanced deterioration
, 80
maintenance
, 75
other
, 81–82
planning
, 75–79
principles of performance
, 62–63
railway track performance
, 69–75
S&C
, 81
tamping
, 79–870
track geometry
, 65–69
trackbed design
, 82–86
transitions
, 81
Railway(s)
, 266
accident
, 296
changing emphasis
, 208–210
evaluation
, 17
financial sustainability
, 281
historical development
, 206–208
interior passive safety
, 306
owners and promoters
, 2
pattern of railway fatalities
, 296–297
purpose of
, 6–8
restructuring
, 303–304
sustainable capacity provision
, 211–215
sustainable timetabling
, 215–217
system technology
, 306
transformation
, 57
vehicle taxonomy
, 151–152
Railways Act
, 269, 270, 272
Rapid drawdown effect
, 101
Rayleigh wave speed velocity
, 95
Regenerative braking
, 172, 176, 214
Regional vehicles
, 153
Regulation
, 285–289
Regulation of Railways Act 1889
, 272–273
Relaxation
, 30
Reliability
, 22, 249–250
Renewable energy
, 327
‘Renewable’ power solutions
, 2
Repair
, 106–108
Resilience
, 12
Resilient
, 262
‘Resource-led’ approach
, 217
Responsive
, 261–262
Retail Price Index (RPI)
, 272
Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI)
, 62
Revenue
, 12, 15, 210, 216–217, 282–285
Reversal theory
, 29–30
Ride comfort
, 139–142
Risk assessment
, 12
Rolling contact fatigue (RCF)
, 121, 134
Rolling noise
, 120–123
Rolling stock leasing companies (ROSCOs)
, 269
Rolling stock technical categorisation system
, 151
Root mean square (rms)
, 114
Rotterdam Central Station, modernisation of
, 34–36
Route choice
, 9–11
Route locking
, 230–231
Route planners
, 10
Route planning for sustainable railway system
, 5–6
RSSB Data Sandbox+ project
, 251
Safe train separation
, 222
SafeInteriors project
, 308–309, 310, 321
Safety integrity levels (SILs)
, 249
Safety-critical information
, 303
Satellite communication
, 248
Seasonal shrink–swell movements
, 104
Seat systems
, 320, 321
Secondary collisions
, 309
Self-selective protective points
, 232
Service environment
, 31
Serviceability issues, vegetation and
, 104–105
Shallow translational failure
, 99
Sheet pile walls
, 108
Shift2Rail
, 243, 248
Short-term financing
, 285–289
Signalling
ATP
, 233–236
interlocking principles
, 229–233
rail traffic management technologies
, 236–238
steel rail system
, 221–222
train control principles
, 222–229
Signalling and telecommunications (S&T)
, 266
Simulation and modelling
, 253–256
challenges
, 256
critical timing
, 256
model sharing
, 256
validation and accuracy
, 256
Skills gap
, 258
‘Skytrain’ system
, 174
Slab tracks
, 62
Sleeper
, 65
selection
, 64
used in United Kingdom
, 64
Slope stability
, 94
Smart energy management
, 150
Smartrail 4. 0
, 242
Social distancing
, 277
Social inclusion
, 8–9, 46, 48, 52, 207
Social psychology
, 45
Social safety
, 22
Social sustainability
, 2, 6
integration with broader policy and planning
, 8–9
purpose of railway
, 6–8
Social sustainability of railways
, 2
Social value
, 46, 53–54, 56
Soft rail pads
, 122
Sound exposure level (SEL)
, 120
Sound level meter
, 118
Sound pressure level (SPL)
, 114–115
Spatial wayfinding
, 24
Specific Targeted Research Projects (STReP)
, 308
Speed
, 22
Speed dependence of noise level
, 125
Spring
, 141
Stabilisation methods
, 106–108
Staff
, 31
Staff buy-in
, 250
Stand-alone DAS
, 246
Standard deviation (SD)
, 77–78
Station adoption/friends
, 53
Station choice models
, 12
Station Experience Monitor (SEM)
, 32
Steel rail system
, 221
Stimulus–Organism–Response Model
, 28
Straight curved plain line
, 65–69
Strategic Rail Authority (SRA)
, 270
Structural crashworthiness, design for
, 156
Structures for urban railways
, 180–182
Sub-national transport bodies (SNTBs)
, 277
Suicides
, 302–303
Supply chain
, 247–248
sustainability
, 249
Supply side factors
, 13
Suspension
levels of
, 140
primary
, 129, 140–141
secondary
, 140–141
vehicle
, 140–141, 146
wheel and bogie
, 191
Sustainability
, 1–2, 6, 42, 150, 182, 325
achieving sustainable development
, 53–54
aiding access to sustainable, healthy travel
, 48–51
creating more inclusive railway
, 51–53
DfT’s Community Rail Development Strategy
, 47
digitalisation for
, 241–243
effect on urban structure and
, 180–182
exploring community rail’s position and power to influence
, 46
financial
, 182–183
functions of Industry 4. 0
, 241
growing grassroots movement
, 46
of HSR
, 193–199
railways and
, 204–206
social
, 6–9
supply chain
, 249
voicing local needs and opportunities
, 47–48
Sustainable capacity provision
, 211–215
Sustainable development
, 1
achieving
, 53–54
Sustainable railway
organisation
, 266–271
ownership
, 273–275
regulation
, 271–273
route planning for
, 5–6
system
, 2–3
Sustainable timetabling
, 215–217
Sustainable transport
, 42–43
Sustainable travel
, 7, 48, 50, 51
Sustainable urban railways
broader role of urban rail systems
, 179–182
bus alternative
, 178–179
CBTC
, 171
financial and economic issues
, 182
financial sustainability
, 182–183
issues of equity and income distribution
, 183–184
power supply and energy
, 174–176
signalling and control
, 176–177
structures
, 173–174
system capacity
, 177–178
track
, 172–173
‘Sweat the assets’ approach
, 212
Switches and crossings (S&C)
, 63, 81
System planning
, 17
for sustainable railway system
, 5–6
Systemic risks
, 12
Systems engineering (SE)
, 243, 258
challenges
, 260
fostering innovation
, 260
INCOSE
, 259
‘Taktfahrplan’
, 216–217
Tamping
, 79–870
Tangential contact
, 137–138
Taxonomy
, 152, 276
Technical recommendation (TecRec)
, 308
Technical requirements document (TRD)
, 152
Technical specifications for interoperability (TSI)
, 126, 151–152, 187, 250, 272, 307
environmental noise limits and noise mapping
, 127–128
noise barriers and window insulation
, 128
noise limits on individual trains
, 126–127
Technological development
, 174
Telic state
, 29
10-point scale
, 30, 32–33
TGV Haute-Picardie
, 285
Theory of rolling contact
, 137
Three management dimensions
, 30–31
Three-dimensional environments (3D environments)
, 255
Threshold injury
, 310
Timetabling
, 206, 215
sustainable
, 215–217
Top-down governance
, 328
Track circuit
, 228
Track decay rate
, 122, 127
Track design
, 173
Track geometry
, 65
quality
, 79
straight or uniformly curved plain line
, 65–68
transition curves
, 68
vertical curves
, 68–69
Track maintenance
, 75–80
Track performance
, 69–75
Track recording vehicle
, 75
Trackbed design
, 82
design principles
, 85
evaluating appropriateness of
, 84
general
, 82–83
Trackbed load
, 70–71
Tractive effort
, 92, 143
Traditional transport modelling
, 199
Traffic management system (TMS)
, 242
Train accidents
, 296
Train against 80t UIC Standard Wagon Impact
, 159–160
Train against level crossing object impact
, 160
Train against small object impact
, 160–164
Train control and monitoring systems (TCMS)
, 155
Train control
, 222
by cab signaling
, 225–227
by lineside signals
, 222–225
Train journey
, 30
Train operating companies (TOCs)
, 270
Train performance calculations
, 143
equations of motion
, 145
resistance to motion and other accelerations
, 143–144
tractive force
, 143
worked example
, 145
‘Train protection’
, 300
Train resistance
, 143–144
Train simulators
, 255
Trans-European Network (TEN)
, 152
Transformational leadership
, 256–258
challenges
, 258
equality, diversity and inclusion
, 258
Transit-oriented development
, 7
Transition curves
, 68
Transitions
, 81
Transport Decarbonisation Plan
, 56
Transport interchanges, quality of
, 21–23
Trespassers
, 302–303
Trip end model
, 13–14
Trip rate model
, 13–14
Tunnel boring machines (TBMs)
, 174
TWINS model
, 121
UK Digital Railway
, 242
UK Rail Research and Innovation Network (UKRRIN)
, 252
UK Transport Industry Skills Strategy
, 258
Ultimate failure
, 101–104
Ultra-high-frequency radio identification tags
, 247
Under sleeper pad (USP)
, 65
Under-track crossing (UTX)
, 81–82
Underfunding
, 288–289
Uniformly curved plain line
, 65–69
Union des Industries Ferroviaires Européennes (UNIFE)
, 156
Union of European Railway Industries (see Union des Industries Ferroviaires Européennes (UNIFE))
Union of Railways (UIC)
, 240
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
, 328
Urban rail systems
, 179–182
Urban railways
, 172–173
broader role of urban rail systems
, 179–182
bus alternative
, 178–179
CBTC
, 171
financial and economic issues
, 182
financial sustainability
, 182–183
issues of equity and income distribution
, 183–184
power supply and energy
, 174–176
signalling and control
, 176–177
structures
, 173–174
system capacity
, 177–178
track
, 172–173
Validation
, 256
of design
, 320
‘Value-added’ services
, 13
Valuing people
, 262
Vegetation
, 96
and serviceability issues
, 104–105
Vehicle dynamics
, 133–134
consequences of vehicle–track interaction
, 142–143
curving behaviour
, 138–139
normal contact
, 135–137
ride comfort
, 139
tangential contact
, 137–138
train performance calculations
, 143–145
wheel and rail profiles
, 134–135
Vehicle interior noise
, 125–126
Vehicle safety
, 151
Vehicle–track interaction
, 133–134, 142–143
Vertical curves
, 68–69
Viareggio accident
, 298
Vibration
environment
, 139–140
ground-borne noise and
, 128–130
velocity
, 115
Vignole
, 63
Virtual integration
, 270
Visual intrusion
, 175
Voicing local needs and opportunities
, 47–48
Volume, variety, velocity, veracity and value (5Vs)
, 252
Volunteering
, 46, 52–53, 56
Warming climate
, 43
Wayfinding process
, 24
Wear and fatigue
, 142–143
WebTAG
, 16, 197
Well-functioning intermodal station
, 24
Wheel
, 134–135
Wheel damping treatments
, 124
Wheel–Rail Interface
, 66
Whole-life impact assessment
, 11
Wi-Fi
, 248
Wider Economic Impacts (WEIs)
, 180
Williams–Shapps Plan
, 278
Window insulation, noise barriers and
, 128
Workplace, noise in
, 113
World Wide Web
, 240
Yiwu-London route
, 241
Zero carbon transport system
, 2
- Prelims
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Chapter 2: System and Route Planning
- Chapter 3: Railway Station and Interchange Design: A Station Design that Perfectly Fits the Quality Needs of Passengers
- Chapter 4: Community Rail: Helping our Railways to Deliver Social, Environmental and Economic Sustainability
- Chapter 5: The Railway Track System: Performance and Trackbed Design
- Chapter 6: Railway Earthworks: Design and Performance
- Chapter 7: Noise and Vibration
- Chapter 8: Rail Vehicle Dynamics
- Chapter 9: Passenger Rolling Stock
- Chapter 10: Sustainable Urban Railways
- Chapter 11: High-Speed Rail
- Chapter 12: Capacity, Timetabling and Sustainability
- Chapter 13: Signalling and Traffic Management
- Chapter 14: Towards a Sustainable Digital Railway
- Chapter 15: Regulation, Organisation and Governance for Sustainable Railways
- Chapter 16: Towards a Financially Sustainable Railway
- Chapter 17: Rail Safety
- Chapter 18: Interior Passive Safety
- Chapter 19: Conclusions
- Index