Index
A New Social Street Economy: An Effect of The COVID-19 Pandemic
ISBN: 978-1-80117-124-3, eISBN: 978-1-80117-123-6
ISSN: 1569-3759
Publication date: 15 July 2021
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2021), "Index", Grima, S., Sirkeci, O. and Elbeyoğlu, K. (Ed.) A New Social Street Economy: An Effect of The COVID-19 Pandemic (Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis, Vol. 107), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 299-306. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1569-375920210000107047
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2021 Simon Grima, Osman Sirkeci, Kamuran Elbeyoğlu
INDEX
Afghanistan
, 156–159
impact of corona virus on economy of
, 159–160
Agamben
, 66–70
camp conception
, 71–73
Al-Qaeda
, 165
Alienation
, 42
Amasya
, 8, 192, 195
American Democracy, The
, 47
Anatolian peninsula
, 209
Ankara Cankaya Municipality
, 275
Architectural morphology
, 89
Art
, 97–102, 105
Art world
, 106–108
Artisans
, 27–28, 51, 123, 233, 278–279
Association of Recycling Workers
, 273
establishment
, 275–276
recycling worker
, 274–275
Associationism
, 270
Asylum seeker
, 172
Ataturk
, 4
Attitudes towards street vendors
, 192
Balochis
, 158
Bankruptcy of market economy
, 5–6
Basic rights
, 135
Baudrillard
, 88
Begging offence
, 236–237
Beliefs
, 48, 218
Biological disasters
, 171
Biopolitics
Agamben’s camp conception
, 71–73
COVID-19 and sovereignty in context of
, 67–70
street economy and street politics
, 73–75
Black Death, results of
, 82–83
Black Plague
, 82–83
Body of rules
, 48
Brothels
, 241, 243
Buca Municipality Gevrek Sales Buffet
, 27
Bursa
, 8, 192, 195
Call Off Your Old Tired Ethics organisation (COYOTE organisation)
, 243–244
Capitalism
, 1, 14, 23, 38–39, 68
crisis of capitalism and pandemic
, 17–20
support packages for companies or small tradesmen
, 20–21
Capitalist system
, 59
Catastrophe
, 170
Central Spiritual Development Building Guidance Committee
, 3, 23
Child begging/making children begging
, 235–236
Child labour
, 232
in light of international documents
, 233–234
Child(hood)/children
, 218, 232–233
definition and development
, 219–220
precautions–recommendations
, 224–228
rights
, 225
at risk
, 220–222
worker
, 232–233
working child
, 222–223
working on street
, 234–235
China
, 3–4, 22, 57
Chinese Communist Party
, 3
Chinese National People’s Congress (NPC)
, 22
Chinese People’s Assembly
, 4, 23
Cicero
, 38
City
, 98, 100
Civic rights
, 135
Civil society
, 46, 58
Climatological/climatic disasters
, 171
Committee’s evaluations on initial report of country
, 212–213
Communism
, 43, 74
Communist Party hierarchy
, 23
Community Based Organizations (CBOs)
, 138
Compassion
, 48
Constables
, 115, 120–125, 127
Cooperation-based economy, 46, 48–50 (see also Social economy)
to economic democracy
, 58–61
rebirth
, 50–58
Cooperative capital
, 49
Core economy
, 84–85
Corona
, 1, 6, 17–18, 97–102
crisis
, 1–3, 5, 8, 18, 21, 37
days
, 47–48, 50
epidemic
, 27, 38
measures
, 25
Corona pandemic
adverse effect on imports and exports
, 162–163
exorbitant price increase in basic necessities
, 161
increase in high unemployment rate
, 161–162
unavailability of basic foodstuff leading to heightened crime rates
, 163–166
unprecedented decrease in economic activities
, 160–161
Corona-COVID-19 process
categorical types of disasters
, 170–172
disadvantaged groups
, 172–177
disaster–catastrophe and crisis and common features of disasters
, 170
result
, 178
solution and proposals
, 177–178
Coronavirus
, 20–21, 36, 71, 96, 98, 103
impact of corona virus on economy of Afghanistan
, 159–160
pandemic
, 156
Council of Europe (COE)
, 209
COVID-19
, 66, 114, 182–183
crisis
, 1–2, 6, 21, 28, 114–115, 186
designs
, 90
disaster
, 31
epidemic
, 30, 40
gender equality in COVID-19 process
, 184–187
global institutional financial support
, 21
life after COVID-19 for street vendors
, 152
outbreak
, 30, 66, 115
pandemic
, 20, 46–47, 49–51, 53, 91, 114, 188, 285–286
protection of age group
, 53–55
and sovereignty in context of biopolitics
, 67–70
street vendors during
, 119–120
support budgets
, 20
Craftsmen
, 108
Criminalising approach
, 241
Crisis
, 2
of capitalism and pandemic
, 17–20
consumption pump against
, 2–3
corona
, 1–3, 5, 8
COVID-19
, 1–2, 6
management of exit from
, 28–29
municipality
, 185
Culture-art TOURISM
, 105–106
Data gathering and methodology
, 120–121
De-commodity of labour
, 29–30
Democracy
, 46
Design
, 88
Design decolonisation
, 90
Digital designs
, 88–92
Digital innovation
, 90
Digital manufacturing technologies
, 89
Digital technologies
, 88, 90
Digitalisation
, 67, 119
Disadvantaged groups
, 172
selection methods and algorithms for employing disadvantaged groups
, 176–177
solution tree for
, 174–176
street economy actors
, 173
street economy and definition of vendors and types in categorical perspective
, 173
and street economy and retailers in management
, 173–174
street vendors in disaster and crisis periods
, 173
Disasters
, 79–81
categorical types of
, 170–172
disaster–catastrophe and crisis and common features of disasters
, 170
positive aspects
, 172
processes
, 171–172
Discipline and Punish
, 68
Discrimination
, 27, 42, 55, 268
Disinfectants
, 55
Diversity
, 39–40
Eco-centrism
, 38
Ecological consciousness
, 40
Economic democracy
, 60
cooperation-based economy to
, 58–61
economic democratic approach
, 48
Economy
, 218
Education
, 218
El-Qaeda
, 164
Empathy
, 38
Employment
, 134
Enlightenment
, 36
Entrepreneurship
, 14, 192
Epidemics
, 74
Erzurum, Turkey
, 277–278
Escape from Freedom
, 36–37
European Social Charter
, 233
European Union (EU)
, 194
Exclusion
, 69–70, 72, 177
Exorbitant price increase in basic necessities
, 161
Family
, 218
Farmer’s markets
, 116, 286
Fascism
, 37
Feelings of insecurity and spontaneity
, 36–37
Feminist
, 40, 245
Feudal capitalist
, 81
Feudalism
, 84, 158
Financial crisis of capitalism
, 17
Financial support
, 28
Fiscal policy
, 20
Flea markets
, 116, 286
Fluid modernity
, 91
Food safety and security standards (FSSI)
, 151
Foreigners under temporary protection
, 210–211
Formal economy
, 135
Foucault
, 68
Free market
approach
, 38
economy
, 14, 31, 52
Freedom granting
, 248
Fromm’s analysis
, 36–37
Gender
, 182, 242–247
equality in COVID-19 process
, 184–187
equality studies
, 182
General Confederation of Workers of the Republic of Argentina (CGTRA)
, 139
Geological disasters
, 171
Global economy
, 75, 84, 119
Global Street Economy Platform (GLOSEP)
, 53
Global trade-based market economy
, 1
Globalisation
, 83–84
Gloves
, 55
Great Famine, results of
, 82–83
Hazarans
, 157–158
Hazarcat
, 157
Holistic approach
, 38, 137
Home worker
, 26
Homo economicus
, 42
Homo sacer (HS)
, 69
Homo sacer position
, 68, 70
Human relations
, 48
Human rights
, 224
Humanitarian assistance
, 55–58
Humanitarian diplomacy initiative
, 55–58
Humanity
, 7, 21, 74, 273
0çel Art Club
, 101
IMF
, 2
Immigrants
, 173, 208
Independent sample T-test results
, 199–200, 202–204
India, street vendors in
, 268–269
Individual
, 42
Individualism
, 59
Industrialisation
, 1
Informal economy
, 14–15, 115–118, 134
Informal employment
, 136, 193
Informal sector employees
, 193
Informal workers
, 119–120
Informality
, 137
Innocent Merriment
, 78
Innovation
, 89–92
Intelactive participation
, 40–43
IntellActive social responsibility
, 38
Interactive environments
, 88
Interactive media
, 88
Intermediary capital
, 49
International Labour Conference (ILC)
, 233, 236
International Labour Organization (ILO)
, 209, 232–233
International Office of Migration (IOM)
, 214
Interpersonal trust
, 59
Interview
, 115, 120
Irregular migration, measures against
, 211
ISIS
, 164
Isolated
, 36, 68, 257
Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts (IKSV)
, 97
Izmir
, 43, 115, 121
evaluation of gender sensitive policies in COVID-19 crisis management in
, 185
gender equality in COVID-19 process
, 184–187
local governments in gender equality
, 183
policy recommendations
, 187–188
street vendors in Izmir during corona days
, 270–273
İzmir Cosmopolitan Municipality
, 123
İzmir Metropolitan Municipality (IMM)
, 124–125, 271
İzmir Mobile Vendors Association
, 121
Kyrgyz
, 158
Labour
, 29–30
Language
, 218
Law
, 218
Law on the Protection of Street Trade
, 15
Letter of recommendation (LoR)
, 151–152
Li Keqiang
, 4, 22
Liberal democracies
, 71
Live Sex Acts
, 244
Livelihood
, 148
Local governments
, 182
in gender equality
, 183
Love
, 48
Madness and Civilization
, 68
Market capitalism
, 14
Market economy, 1–2, 4–5, 39 (see also Free market)
Mask
, 17, 21, 24, 26, 102
Medical masks
, 55
Mersin
, 97
historical buildings in
, 106
virtual life in
, 102–104
Metropolitan Municipality of İzmir (MMI)
, 121
Micro business
, 194
Micro enterprises
, 194–195
Micro entrepreneurship, street vendor as
, 193–195
Micro-scale enterprises
, 6, 23, 31
Middle Ages
, 81, 83, 98, 219, 249
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
, 114
Migrant
, 208–209
in terms of convention
, 211–212
Minimum labour standards
, 135
Ministry of Labour and Social Security (MLSS)
, 234
Modern slave
, 30
Morality
, 48
Mosaic works
, 133
Muhammed Bouazizi
, 15
Multimedia
, 88
Municipal police
, 140, 142, 263
Municipal Police Law
, 262
Municipalities
, 183
Municipality
, 115, 120, 263
Municipality law
implications of law
, 263–264
street vending in
, 262–263
Myrna Art 2020 Exhibition
, 106
Nanotechnology
, 89–92
National Association of Street Vendors of India (NASVI)
, 52, 138, 148, 151, 268–269
National Hawker’s Federation (NHF)
, 148, 152
National Urban Livelihood Mission
, 268
Nationalism
, 158
Nature
, 98
Nazism
, 36–37
New media
, 88
New social street economy
, 5–6, 31–32
birth of
, 51–53
Nobility
, 81
Non-capitalist economic system social economy
, 40
Non-Government Organizations (NGOs)
, 47, 54, 58–59, 138
Non-governmental–social organisations for street economy
, 138–139
Non-institutional employment
, 193
Norms
, 48
Nuristanis
, 158
NVIVO 12 program
, 115, 120
Occupation
, 134
Occupational health and safety
, 120
OECD
, 49
One-way ANOVA test results
, 200–205
Other
, 1
Ottoman Empire
, 56
Outbreak
, 97–102
Overalls
, 55
Pandemic
, 66, 224, 264
Panopticon (Bentham)
, 67
Participating in management
, 170
Participative social street economy
, 287
Participatory democracy
, 31
Peddlers
, 262
Peddling
, 271
peddling/street vending
, 192
Peştun
, 157
Pharmaceutical industry
, 20
Physical distance
, 66
Plague
, 98–100
PM SVANidhi Scheme
, 151–152
Policy suggestion
, 139
Political democracy
, 60–61
Politics
, 218
Post COVID-19
, 150
Post-capitalist world
, 41
Post-Corona world
, 38
Power division
, 242–247
Pragmatic interview
, 120
Precariat
, 274
Precarious workers
, 24–26
Profit maximisation
, 29
Profitability
, 30–31
Prohibitory approach
, 241
Prostitution
, 242, 247
institution
, 240
market
, 248
Psychopolitika
, 92
Public goods and spaces
, 41
Rape
, 245
Reciprocity
, 42, 48
principle
, 25
Recycling
, 273
Recycling workers
, 28, 273–275
Refugee
, 172
Regulatory approach
, 241–242
Religion
, 218
Reporting system
, 212
Republic of Turkey
, 209
Residential Welfare Authorities (RWA)
, 151
Respect
, 48
Revitalization projects
, 105
Right to work
, 208, 268
Rightness
, 48
Risks
, 177–178
Roma
, 27, 101
Second Sex
, 182
Security rights
, 135
Self Workers Global (SWG)
, 52
Self-employment cooperation
, 270
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
, 114
Sex market
client demands and bargain power of woman
commodity for surveillance
, 250
conceptual debates
, 240–242
demographic and socio-economic aspects of sample
, 247–249
economical and emotional exploitation
, 253–255
emotionally exploiting or forcing women to be capital
, 252–253
exhibition of body
, 249–257
gender and power division
, 242–247
isolated life from outside world
, 256–257
menstrual cycle
, 255
physical conditions
, 255–256
research method
, 247
sexual, emotional, and physical violence of client
, 251–252
twofold working
, 253
Sex slavery to work
, 240–242
Sex work
, 246
Sex workers
, 244
Sexuality
, 245
Sindicato de Vendedores Ambulantes de la República Argentina (SIVARA)
, 139
SlavojŽižek
, 72
Social, solidarist solution proposals
, 287–288
Social capital
, 46, 48–50, 56
accumulation
, 47
movements
, 47
rebirth
, 50–58
Social distance
, 66–67, 151
Social economy
, 49
principles
, 41
psychology of obedience nurtures totalitarianism
, 37
social isolation brings deadlock
, 36–37
social solidarity and intelactive participation
, 40–43
suffering
, 37–39
victimisation of poor and the nature condemns society to helplessness
, 39–40
Social ethos
, 48
Social expenditures
, 183
Social inclusion
, 134
Social isolation
, 24, 27
brings deadlock
, 36–37
Social justice
, 48
Social networks
, 49–50
Social potential
, 60
Social solidarity
, 40–43
recommendations with corona outbreak
, 24–25
Social street economy model
, 50, 52
Social Support Group
, 54
Social/human disasters
, 171
Solidarism
, 48
Solidarist social street economy
, 287
Solidarity
, 38, 42
amongst street vendors
, 272–273
Sovereignty
, 70
Spain, social and solidarity economy in
, 268–269
Speculative design method
, 91
Stay At Home slogan
, 36
Stoic wisdom
, 38
Street children
, 220
Street economy, 6–7, 14–15, 28–30, 32, 43, 73–75, 115, 134, 192 (see also Cooperation-based economy)
activities and occupations
, 143
actors
, 173
and definition of vendors and types in categorical perspective
, 173
definitions, terms, and features
, 135–136
main problems
, 137–138
model suggestion for
, 139–142
non-governmental–social organisations for
, 138–139
policies
, 28
reasons for working in
, 136–137
social and solidarity economy
, 25–28
solution against corona epidemic
, 21–24
in Turkey
, 15–17
Street Economy Branch Office
, 28
Street Economy Directorate
, 271
Street politics
, 73–75
Street trade
, 15, 118, 123, 135
Street Trade Law
, 15
Street vending
, 271
in municipality law
, 262–263
in world and Turkey
, 115–118
Street Vending Act (2014)
, 268
Street vendors
, 3–5, 15, 17, 22, 25, 51–52, 73–74, 115–118, 134–135, 148, 262, 268, 276–278
during COVID-19
, 119–120
data gathering and methodology
, 120–121
day in shadow of corona crisis
, 288
debate on rehabilitation of
, 150–151
in disaster and crisis periods
, 173
enumeration of problems of
, 148–150
evaluation of frequency of shopping from
, 201–203
evaluation of participants opinions on attitudes and behaviours of police towards
, 203–205
evaluation of participants views
, 199–201
findings of research
, 121–126
in India
, 268–269
as informal sector
, 193
in Izmir during corona days
, 270–273
life after COVID-19 for
, 152
methodology of research
, 195
as micro entrepreneurship
, 193–195
or peddler
, 192
PM SVANidhi Scheme
, 151–152
results
, 199
socio-demographic features of participants
, 196–199
vital contributors to urban economies
, 119–120
Street Vendors Association of İzmir
, 268
Street workers in COVID-19 environment
, 213–214
Support
, 2, 5
Surplus values
, 2
Surveillance
, 37
Survival rights
, 135
Sustainability
, 23, 29
Sustainable development goals
, 128, 184, 187
Symbolic power
, 240
Syrians
, 210
Tajiks
, 157
Taliban
, 164–165
rule
, 156–157
Technological disasters
, 171
Temporary protection
, 208
Terrorist organisations
, 156, 160
Third Space phenomenon
, 104
Totalitarianism
, 37
Town Vending Committee (TVC)
, 149–150, 152, 268
Transactional design
, 88–89
Tribalism
, 158
Tribe-based land ownership
, 158
TUIK
, 15, 26
Turkey
committee’s evaluations on initial report of country
, 212–213
conceptual overview
, 209–210
and foreigners under temporary protection
, 210–211
general total of street vendors and sectoral examples
, 16
measures against irregular migration
, 211
migrant in terms of convention
, 211–212
reporting system
, 212
results
, 214–215
street economy in
, 15–17
street vending in world and
, 115–118
street workers in COVID-19 environment
, 213–214
Turkey SME Self Employed and Managers Association (TOSYOV)
, 195
Turkish culture
, 56
Turkish Statistical Agency (TURKSTAT)
, 121
Turkmens
, 158
Tutelary democracy
, 62
UN Committee on the Protection of Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Families (CMW)
, 208, 210–212
UN Convention
, 210
Underdevelopment and Economic Development’
, 220
Unemployment
, 3–4, 14
United Nations (UN)
, 208–209
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
, 225
United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child
, 219
United States of America
, 1, 4
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
, 29
Unregistered free labour
, 52
UPTA Confederation
, 138–139
Urban economies, vital contributors to
, 119–120
Urbanisation
, 276–278
US state of California
, 15
Uzbeks
, 158
Vender
, 262
Ventilators
, 55
Violence against women
, 186
Virtual exhibition
, 100
Virtual life in Mersin
, 102–104
Virtual world
, 104–106
Virtue
, 48
Volunteerism
, 245
Waste pickers
, 273
Wat Tyler
, 84
White race
, 157
Women
, 8, 39, 84, 139
Women Hurt In System of Prostitution Engaged in Revolt (WHISPER)
, 241
Work
, 134
Working child
, 222–223
Working on the streets
, 218
Workplaces
, 3
World Bank
, 2, 49
World Health Organization (WHO)
, 57, 114
World metre
, 18
Yantai
, 4
Yellow race
, 158
- Prelims
- Introduction
- Part I: Dimensions of Street Economy, Social Economy, and Corona Crisis
- Chapter 1: Corona as a Mask for the Crisis of Capitalism – Fiscal Supports
- Chapter 2: Social Economy Rising in the Corona Crisis
- Chapter 3: A Notable Relationship between Social Economy and Democracy on Corona Days
- Chapter 4: The Biopolitics of the COVID-19 Crisis and a New Form of the State of Exception
- Chapter 5: You Can’t Do Business with the Death
- Chapter 6: Digital Design and Innovation of Objects after COVID-19
- Chapter 7: Corona and Art in Mersin
- Part II: Applications and Practices of Street Economy in the Corona Pandemic
- Chapter 8: The Perception of Local Governments on Street Vendors During the COVID-19 Era: The Case of İzmir
- Chapter 9: A Holistic Approach and a Systematic Model Suggestion for Street Economy
- Chapter 10: Chaos Amid Chaos: A Critical Debate for Street Vendors – Struggle and Adaptation Post COVID Era
- Chapter 11: The Impact of Corona Pandemic on the People and Economy of Afghanistan
- Chapter 12: How Disadvantaged Groups and Street Vendors Participate in Management during Disaster and Crisis Periods. Corona Process Example
- Chapter 13: An Application Analysis for Gender Equality in Urban Policies in the COVID-19 Crisis: The Case of Izmir
- Part III: Reflections on Street Economy
- Chapter 14: A Comparative Analysis of the Attitudes and Behaviours of Citizens Towards Street Economy in the Cities of Amasya and Bursa
- Chapter 15: The Position of Foreigners Under Temporary Protection in Terms of International Documents which Turkey is a Party
- Chapter 16: COVID-19 Aspect of Poverty: Children Living and Working on the Street
- Chapter 17: Child Labour in the Street Economy in Light of International and Turkish Labour Legislation
- Chapter 18: Political Debates on Sex Market: Brothels versus Streets
- Chapter 19: Legal Regulations and Street Vendors from the Eyes of a Municipal Commissioner
- Chapter 20: On the Reflections of Street Workers During Corona Epidemic in Turkey, India and Spain
- Part IV: Summing Up
- Chapter 21: The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Street Economy: Solutions and Proposals
- Appendix 1: Supplement: Deputy Bedri Serter and Murat Çepni Street Vendors Parlimentary Inquiry to the Presidency of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey
- Appendix 2: Supplement: Proposed Duties and Responsibilities of a Street Economy Department in a Metropolitan Municipality
- Index