Kenya's presidential election is too close to call

Significance

With some polls still putting Ruto ahead, the contest remains too close to call.

Impacts

• A close election increases the risk of controversies and that losing candidates will reject the result.
• Kenya has never held a second-round run-off, and the parties and IEBC would find it a major challenge to be ready in time.
• The Roots Party’s explicitly anti-foreigner campaign increases the risks of xenophobic violence.