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Effectiveness of the GM(1,1) model on linear growth sequence and its application in global primary energy consumption prediction

Chaoqing Yuan (College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China)
Ding Chen (College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China)

Kybernetes

ISSN: 0368-492X

Article publication date: 3 October 2016

185

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of GM(1,1) model on linear growth sequences (LGS) by random experiments and global primary energy consumption is predicted as by the GM(1,1) and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, which is used as a reference.

Design/methodology/approach

LGS generated randomly are used for GM(1,1) modeling. The results of the massive repeated random experiments are analyzed to test the effectiveness of the GM(1,1) model and global primary energy consumption is predicted using the GM(1,1) model and the ARIMA model.

Findings

The use of the GM(1,1) model is effective when used for a LGS and the model is proven to be reliable by the experiments. Global primary energy consumption is predicted with the GM(1,1) model and the ARIMA model as a case study, and the results show that GM(1,1) is quite good. Global primary energy consumption will increase by 1.03 percent in 2016.

Originality/value

The contribution of this paper includes the following: first, the applicability of the GM (1,1) model is further discussed with random experiments and it is feasible for a LGS; second, random experiments provide good proof that four data are enough for GM(1,1) modeling, and GM(1,1) model is reliable; third, prediction by using GM(1,1) model with small data is even better than time-series analysis in the case study.

Keywords

Acknowledgements

Thanks for the constructive suggestions of the two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 71573120, 71171113 and 71273131, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. NS2015084, Jiangsu Natural Science Fund under Grant No. BK20130785, Doctoral Fund of China Ministry of Education under Grant No. 20133218120036, Aviation Science Foundation under Grant No. 2014ZG52077.

Citation

Yuan, C. and Chen, D. (2016), "Effectiveness of the GM(1,1) model on linear growth sequence and its application in global primary energy consumption prediction", Kybernetes, Vol. 45 No. 9, pp. 1472-1485. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-02-2016-0027

Publisher

:

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2016, Emerald Group Publishing Limited

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