RETRACTED: Energy-aware multipath routing in WSN using improved invasive weed elephant herd optimization
International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications
ISSN: 1742-7371
Article publication date: 4 February 2022
Issue publication date: 22 May 2023
Retraction statement
The publishers of International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications wish to retract the article Vishal Sharad, H., Desai, S.R. and Krishnrao, K.Y. (2023), “Energy-aware multipath routing in WSN using improved invasive weed elephant herd optimization”, International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 451-474. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPCC-09-2021-0229
An internal investigation into a series of submissions has uncovered evidence that the peer review process was compromised. As a result of these concerns, the findings of the article cannot be relied upon. This decision has been taken in accordance with Emerald’s publishing ethics and the COPE guidelines on retractions.
The authors of this paper would like to note that they do not agree with the content of this notice.
The publishers of the journal sincerely apologize to the readers.
Abstract
Purpose
In a wireless sensor network (WSN), the sensor nodes are distributed in the network, and in general, they are linked through wireless intermediate to assemble physical data. The nodes drop their energy after a specific duration because they are battery-powered, which also reduces network lifetime. In addition, the routing process and cluster head (CH) selection process is the most significant one in WSN. Enhancing network lifetime through balancing path reliability is more challenging in WSN. This paper aims to devise a multihop routing technique with developed IIWEHO technique.
Design/methodology/approach
In this method, WSN nodes are simulated originally, and it is fed to the clustering process. Meanwhile, the CH is selected with low energy-based adaptive clustering model with hierarchy (LEACH) model. After CH selection, multipath routing is performed by developed improved invasive weed-based elephant herd optimization (IIWEHO) algorithm. In addition, the multipath routing is selected based on certain fitness functions like delay, energy, link quality and distance. However, the developed IIWEHO technique is the combination of IIWO method and EHO algorithm.
Findings
The performance of developed optimization method is estimated with different metrics, like distance, energy, delay and throughput and achieved improved performance for the proposed method.
Originality/value
This paper presents an effectual multihop routing method, named IIWEHO technique in WSN. The developed IIWEHO algorithm is newly devised by incorporating EHO and IIWO approaches. The fitness measures, which include intra- and inter-distance, delay, link quality, delay and consumption of energy, are considered in this model. The proposed model simulates the WSN nodes, and CH selection is done by the LEACH protocol. The suitable CH is chosen for transmitting data through base station from the source to destination. Here, the routing system is devised by a developed optimization technique. The selection of multipath routing is carried out using the developed IIWEHO technique. The developed optimization approach selects the multipath depending on various multi-objective functions.
Keywords
Citation
Vishal Sharad, H., Desai, S.R. and Krishnrao, K.Y. (2023), "RETRACTED: Energy-aware multipath routing in WSN using improved invasive weed elephant herd optimization", International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 451-474. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPCC-09-2021-0229
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
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