Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 emissions)
, 243
Carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e)
, 112–114
competitive recycling and manufacturing locations in very low-cost and CO2e CLSCs
, 121–124
effects of recycling locations on
, 116
Carbon oxide emissions (CO emissions)
, 243
Centre for Technology Transfer in Industrial Ecology (CTTÉI)
, 36
Charnes–Cooper–Rhodes model (CCR model)
, 243, 246
China Excess Inventory Circulation Association
, 177
China’s General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
, 177
China’s Law for the Promotion of the Circular Economy
, 177
China’s Standardization Administration
, 177
Circular business models (CBMs)
, 73, 90, 303, 343–344
contributions and limitations
, 103
designers of new circular fiber technologies
, 349–351
discussion and framework to design OBMs for circular economy
, 98–103
empirical study in plastics industry
, 94–97
facilitators of CE networks
, 351–352
findings
, 98
reusers of waste material
, 345–347
theoretical background
, 91–94
users of recycled materials
, 347–349
Circular economy (CE)
, 4, 30, 50, 89, 111, 129–133, 152, 155, 167, 169, 189–190, 215–216, 240, 272, 283, 330–333, 343
background
, 193–194
current state of CE scholarship
, 133–142
discussion and framework to design OBMs for circular economy
, 98–103
empirical analysis
, 248–259
facilitators of CE networks
, 351–352
industrial symbiosis as novel supply networks for
, 32–34
lessons from BDG for
, 309–311
lessons learnt in implementing CE actions
, 296–300
literature overview
, 242–245
methodology description
, 245–248
nexus of CE performance, sustainability, and blockchain
, 196–197
realm of
, 360–362
rebound
, 56
secondary market research opportunities related to
, 183–184
in tourism
, 315
transition to
, 71–74
Circular Economy Action Plan
, 177
Circular Innovation in Partnerships (CIP)
, 275
Circular public procurement (CPP)
, 331–332
criteria
, 338
practices
, 337–338
Circular Services in the Electric and Electronic Sector project (C-SERVEES project)
, 38
Circular supply chain (CSC)
, 56, 71, 133, 215–220
models for “closed-loop” end of
, 220–227
models for “open-loop” end of CSCs
, 227–230
sustainable supply chain analytics toward CSC models
, 230–231
Circular supply chain management (CSCM)
, 217
Circular supply systems
, 50
from adaptation to emergence
, 52–53
information
, 61
information flows for circular production
, 53–58
information needed for supply chain adaptation
, 52
new actor roles and networks
, 58–60
new spatial and temporal patterns
, 60–61
new system configurations
, 51–53
potential emergence in
, 58–61
supply chains as CAS
, 51–52
Circular tourism
, 315
examples of activities in network
, 320–323
methodology
, 317–318
results
, 318–320
roles of different actors in network
, 323–324
Circularity for global commodities
, 292–296
Closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs)
, 111–112, 216, 220
competitive recycling and manufacturing locations in very low-cost and CO2e CLSCs
, 121–124
decision levels
, 223
effects of recycling locations on CO2e and cost of reverse logistics and recycling activities
, 116
emissions factors of heating energy and water freight analysis
, 118–120
mathematical programming
, 224–225
MMM
, 226–227
MSA
, 225
price of used garment and percent of gross profit at recycling facilities analysis
, 118
research design and data inputs for simulations
, 113–116
scenario and sensitivity analyses of important factors
, 116–120
SDM
, 222–224
Cluster analysis results
, 259
Coffee in Cone from South Africa
, 77
Collaboration
, 90, 94, 316
Complex adaptive systems (CAS)
, 50, 70
supply chains as
, 51–52
Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science (CPCI-S)
, 219
Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH)
, 219
Consumers
, 4, 133, 151–152, 159
behavior
, 155, 157
purchase decisions
, 161
Cooperative strategic posture
, 130–131
COPPEAD Graduate School of Business
, 358, 363
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
, 333–334
Corruption perceptions index (CPI)
, 259
Cost
, 112, 116
structure
, 93
Cotton-polyester blends
, 55
COVID-19 pandemic
, 74, 160
“Cradle-to-cradle” model
, 4
Critical success factor theory
, 207
Cryptocurrency
, 190
tokens of blockchain
, 203
Customer relationships
, 93
Cyber-physical systems
, 190
Danish Agricultural Agency
, 278
Danish Environmental Protection Agency
, 277
Danish Insect Network (DIN)
, 278
Danish Veterinary and Food Administration
, 277
Data envelopment analysis (DEA)
, 241, 245–247
results
, 249–258
Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)
, 203
Decision-making unit (DMU)
, 245, 247
Decomposers
, 4, 53, 55, 112, 131, 133, 142, 144, 241, 316, 321, 323, 325, 344, 351
Decoupling of sustainability practices
, 362–363
Dematerializing loops
, 160–161
Design for Decomposability (DFD)
, 142–143
Design for manufacturability
, 144
Design for Scavengers (DFS)
, 143
Designers of new circular fiber technologies
, 349–351
Destination
approach
, 315, 317
networks
, 314
Disassembly processing
, 196
Dollar stores
, 170–171, 175
Dynamic capabilities (DCs)
, 284, 288, 291–292, 295
E-commerce
, 173, 179
increased product returns due to E-commerce growth
, 173–174
eBay powersellers
, 170–171
Eco-design of products
, 39
Eco-FlowTM model
, 228–229
Eco-industrial parks (EIPs)
, 31–32, 193–194
Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS certification)
, 334
Economic input–output life cycle assessment model (EIO-LCA model)
, 225
Economic sustainability performance, blockchain for
, 197–201
Ecosystem value
, 285
and impact
, 299–300
EE multiregional IO systems (EE-MRIO)
, 227
Electric arc furnace
, 143
Electric vehicle sales (EV sales)
, 39–40
Ellen MacArthur Foundation (EMF)
, 78, 286
Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
, 219
Emission factors (EFs)
, 114
End-user
, 152
economic, social, and ecological trends motivating consumer focus
, 152–155
integrating consumers into circular SCM processes
, 155–161
Environmental imperatives
, 216
Environmental Protection Act
, 277
Environmental sustainability performance, blockchain for
, 203–204
Environmental uncertainty
, 206
European Circular Economy Stakeholder Platform
, 133
European Union (EU)
, 38, 76, 133, 240, 273, 313, 330
Circular Economy Action Plan
, 78
Excess inventory
, 168–170
Excess Inventory Appraiser license
, 177
Exploratory data analysis
, 113
Extended producer responsibility (EPR)
, 39
Extended supply systems
, 56–57
Salvage dealers
, 170, 172
Scavengers
, 4, 53, 131, 133, 142, 241, 316, 321, 323, 325, 351, 363–364
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED),
Secondary e-plastics
, 40–41
Secondary manufacturers
, 69–70
Secondary markets
, 168–169
best practices
, 181–182
channels
, 170–172, 178
effective secondary market strategies
, 179–181
research opportunities related to circular economy
, 183–184
and retail formats
, 173–179
size of US secondary market
, 172–173
Semi-formal networks
, 314
Servitization strategies
, 160–161
Small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
, 286
Small-scale industrial symbiosis
, 303
Smart contracts
, 191–192, 203
Smart execution
, 190, 203
Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)
, 219
Social sustainability performance, blockchain for
, 201–203
Social–ecological system
, 70
Societal value
, 285
and impact
, 299
South West case (SW case)
, 286
challenges and stumbling blocks
, 288
dynamic capabilities
, 288
evolution path
, 286–287
network building
, 287
systemic impacts
, 289
Sport utility vehicles (SUVs)
, 82
Stakeholders
, 152
potential optimization models for harmonizing
, 144–145
relationships
, 142–144
theory
, 129–133
Super-efficiency models
, 247
Supply chain (SC)
, 30–31, 70, 111–112, 190, 216, 243, (see also Circular supply chain (CSC))
as CAS
, 51–52
disruptions
, 42
information needed for supply chain adaptation
, 52
literature
, 5
in regional contexts
, 36–37
risks
, 130
traceability
, 192
traditional view
, 154
Supply chain management (SCM)
, 32, 152, 191, 216
Supply network
, 50–51, 361–362
contexts
, 40
distribution of benefits
, 41–43
uncertainties and risks
, 40–41
Supply-use tables (SUTs)
, 227
Sustainability
, 143, 158, 190–191, 216
Sustainable development (SD)
, 240, 359–360
empirical analysis
, 248–259
literature overview
, 242–245
methodology description
, 245–248
Sustainable development goals (SDGs)
, 240
Sustainable fashion
, 358, 360
Sustainable procurement of workwear and laundry services
, 334–337
Sustainable supply chain (SSC)
, 217
Sustainable supply chain analytics (SSCA)
, 231
toward CSC models
, 230–231
Symbiotic supply chain
, 31
System dynamics (SD)
, 203
System dynamics modeling (SDM)
, 222–224