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References

Rob Noonan (University of Bolton, UK)

Capitalism, Health and Wellbeing

ISBN: 978-1-83797-898-4, eISBN: 978-1-83797-897-7

Publication date: 22 April 2024

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Citation

Noonan, R. (2024), "References", Capitalism, Health and Wellbeing, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 155-184. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83797-897-720241022

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2024 Rob Noonan. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited

Introduction

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  2. Münzel T, Sørensen M, Lelieveld J, Hahad O, Al-Kindi S, Nieuwenhuijsen M, et al. Heart healthy cities: genetics loads the gun but the environment pulls the trigger. Eur Heart J 2021;42(25):2422–38.

  3. Patel V, Saxena S, Lund C, Thornicroft G, Baingana F, Bolton P, et al. The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development. Lancet 2018;392:1553–98.

  4. Romanello M, McGushin A, Di Napoli C, Drummond P, Hughes N, Jamart L, et al. The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future. Lancet 2021;398:1619–62.

  5. Braveman P, Egerter S, Williams DR. The social determinants of health: coming of age. Annu Rev Public Health 2011;32(1):381–98.

  6. Szreter S. Economic growth, disruption, deprivation, disease, and death: on the importance of the politics of public health for development. Popul Dev Rev 1997;23(4):693–728.

  7. Marmot M, Allen J, Boyce T, Goldblatt P, Morrison J. Building back fairer in greater Manchester: health equity and dignified lives. London: Institute of Health Equity; 2021.

Chapter 1

  1. Roser M, Ritchie H, Dadonaite B. Child and infant mortality. [Internet]. Our World in Data; 2019. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality#child-mortality-around-the-world-since-1800

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  3. Roser M. Why is life expectancy in the US lower than in other rich countries? [Internet]. Our World in Data; 2020. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/us-life-expectancy-low

  4. Freeman T, Gesesew HA, Bambra C, Giugliani ERJ, Popay J, Sanders D, et al. Why do some countries do better or worse in life expectancy relative to income? An analysis of Brazil, Ethiopia, and the United States of America. Int J Equity Health 2020;19:202.

  5. Rostow WW. The stages of economic growth: a non-communist manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1960.

  6. Todaro MP, Smith SC. Economic development. Harlow: Pearson Education; 2020.

  7. Mialon M. An overview of the commercial determinants of health. Global Health 2020;16:74.

  8. Riley JC. Rising life expectancy: a global history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2001.

  9. Gardner D. Risk: the science and politics of fear. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart; 2008.

  10. Ritchie H, Roser M, Spooner F. Causes of death [Internet]. Our World in Data; 2018. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/causes-of-death

  11. World Health Organization. Road traffic injuries [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries

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  13. Rosling H, Rosling O, Rönnlund AR. Factfulness: ten reasons we’re wrong about the world – and why things are better than you think. London: Sceptre; 2019.

  14. Hasell J, Roser M. Famines [Internet]. Our World in Data; 2017. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/famines

  15. Finkelstein EA, Khavjou OA, Thompson H, Trogdon JG, Pan L, Sherry B, et al. Obesity and severe obesity forecasts through 2030. Am J Prev Med 2012;42(6):563–70.

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  19. Goodwin RD, Weinberger AH, Kim JH, Wu M, Galea S. Trends in anxiety among adults in the United States, 2008–2018: rapid increases among young adults. J Psychiatr Res 2020;130:441–46.

  20. Hidaka BH. Depression as a disease of modernity: explanations for increasing prevalence. J Affect Disord 2012;140(3):205–14.

  21. Our World in Data. Life expectancy vs. GDP per capita [Internet]; 2018. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy-vs-gdp-per-capita

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  23. Wellbeing Economy Alliance. Failure demand: counting the true costs of an unjust and unsustainable economic system. [Internet]; 2021. Available from: https://weall.org/wp-content/uploads/FailureDemand_FinalReport_September2021.pdf

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  29. Office for National Statistics. Half a million more people are out of the labour force because of long-term sickness. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peoplenotinwork/economicinactivity/articles/halfamillionmorepeopleareoutofthelabourforcebecauseoflongtermsickness/2022-11-10

  30. The Health Foundation. Is poor health driving a rise in economic inactivity? [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://www.health.org.uk/news-and-comment/charts-and-infographics/is-poor-health-driving-a-rise-in-economic-inactivity?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI6fmM7bSm_QIVytvtCh1s1wC6EAAYASAAEgK9HfD_BwE

  31. McGill R, Anwar E, Orton L, Bromley H, Lloyd-Williams F, O’Flaherty M, et al. Are interventions to promote healthy eating equally effective for all? Systematic review of socioeconomic inequalities in impact. BMC Public Health 2015;15:457.

  32. Sandel MJ. What money can't buy: the moral limits of markets. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux; 2012.

  33. Statista. Market value of foodservice delivery in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2021, with forecasts for 2022 and 2025. [Internet]; 2023. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1110682/uk-takeaway-delivery-market-value/

Chapter 2

  1. United Nations. Take action for the sustainable development goals. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/

  2. Butler S. The impact of advanced capitalism on well-being: an evidence-informed model. Hum Arenas 2019;2:200–27.

  3. Freudenberg N. Lethal but legal: corporations, consumption, and protecting public health. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014.

  4. Kennedy RF. Remarks at the University of Kansas, March 18, 1968. [Internet]. John F. Kennedy presidential library and museum; 1968. Available from: https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/the-kennedy-family/robert-f-kennedy/robert-f-kennedy-speeches/remarks-at-the-university-of-kansas-march-18-1968

  5. Szreter S. Economic growth, disruption, deprivation, disease, and death: on the importance of the politics of public health for development. Popul Dev Rev 1997;23(4):693–728.

  6. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2017;390:2627–42.

  7. GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Psychiatry 2022;9:137–50.

  8. Case A, Deaton A. Deaths of despair and the future of capitalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2020.

  9. Oxfam. Public good or private wealth? Oxford: Oxfam; 2019.

  10. Alvaredo F, Chancel L, Piketty T, Saez E, Zucman G. World inequality report 2018. World Inequality Lab; 2018.

  11. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Income inequality [Internet]; 2022. Income inequality. Available from: https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm

  12. Office for National Statistics. Average household income, UK: financial year ending 2018. [Internet]; 2019. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/personalandhouseholdfinances/incomeandwealth/bulletins/householddisposableincomeandinequality/yearending2018

  13. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy. New law in place to allow businesses to hire agency workers to plug staffing gaps caused by strike action. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-law-in-place-to-allow-businesses-to-hire-agency-workers-to-plug-staffing-gaps-caused-by-strike-action

  14. Elgot J. Liz Truss pledges crackdown on unions but is accused of ‘Tory fantasy’. The Guardian. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/jul/25/liz-truss-pledges-crackdown-on-unions-but-is-accused-of-tory-fantasy

  15. Neate R. ‘A budget for the 1%’: government accused of huge tax cut for super-wealthy. The Guardian. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/23/mini-budget-government-accused-huge-tax-cut-for-super-wealthy

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  17. Lawrence PR, Nohria N. Driven: how human nature shapes our choices. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2002.

  18. Berkman LF, Glass T, Brissette I, Seeman TE. From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Soc Sci Med 2000;51:843–57.

  19. Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Layton JB. Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review. PLoS Med 2010;7(7):e1000316.

  20. Pinker S. The village effect: how face-to-face contact can make us healthier and happier. New York: Vintage Canada; 2015.

  21. Kasser T. Materialistic values and goals. Annu Rev Psychol 2016;67:489–514.

  22. Caldbick S, Labonte R, Mohindra KS, Ruckert, A. Globalization and the rise of precarious employment: the new frontier for workplace health promotion. Glob Health Promot. 2014;21(2):23–31.

  23. Standing G. The precariat: the new dangerous class. London: Bloomsbury Academic; 2011.

  24. Standing G. The corruption of capitalism: why rentiers thrive and work does not pay. London: Biteback Publishing; 2016.

  25. Benach J, Vives A, Amable M, Vanroelen C, Tarafa G, Muntaner C. Precarious employment: understanding an emerging social determinant of health. Annu Rev Public Health 2014;35:229–53.

  26. Gray BJ, Grey CNB, Hookway A, Homolova L, Davies AR. Differences in the impact of precarious employment on health across population subgroups: a scoping review. Perspect Public Health 2021;141(1):37–49.

  27. Macmillan R, Shanahan MJ. Why precarious work is bad for health: social marginality as key mechanisms in a multi-national context. Soc Forces 2021;100(2):821–51.

  28. Jones O. Chavs: the demonization of the working class. London: Verso; 2021.

  29. Savage M. Social class in the 21st century. London: Pelican; 2015.

  30. Scambler G. The fractured society: structures, mechanisms, tendencies. J Crit Realism 2020;19(1):1–13.

  31. Monbiot G. Neoliberalism – the ideology at the root of all our problems [Internet]. The Guardian; 2016. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/apr/15/neoliberalism-ideology-problem-george-monbiot

  32. The Lancet Gastroenterology Hepatology. Public health funding in England: death by a thousand cuts. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;6(12):971.

  33. McKee M, Karanikolos M, Belcher P, Stuckler D. Austerity: a failed experiment on the people of Europe. Clin Med 2012;12(4):346–50.

  34. Stuckler D, Reeves A, Loopstra R, Karanikolos M, McKee M. Austerity and health: the impact in the UK and Europe. Eur J Public Health 2017;27(4):18–21.

  35. Taylor-Robinson D, Whitehead M, Barr B. Great leap backwards. BMJ 2014;349:g7350.

  36. Taylor-Robinson D, Wickham S, Barr B. Child health at risk from welfare cuts. BMJ 2015;351:h5330.

  37. Loopstra R, Reeves A, Taylor-Robinson D, Barr B, McKee M, Stuckler D. Austerity, sanctions, and the rise of food banks in the UK. BMJ 2015;350:h1775.

  38. Taylor-Robinson D, Barr B. Death rate now rising in UK’s poorest infants. BMJ 2017;57:j2258.

  39. Taylor-Robinson D, Barr B, Whitehead M. Stalling life expectancy and rising inequalities in England. Lancet 2019;394:2238–9.

  40. Taylor-Robinson DC, Lai ET, Whitehead M, Barr B. Child health unravelling in UK. BMJ 2019;364:l963.

  41. Paremoer L, Nandi S, Serag H, Baum F. COVID-19 pandemic and the social determinants of health. BMJ 2021;372:n129.

  42. Pickett K, Taylor-Robinson D, et al. The child of the north: building a fairer future after COVID-19. [Internet]. The Northern Health Science Alliance and N8 Research Partnership; 2021. Available from: https://www.thenhsa.co.uk/app/uploads/2022/01/Child-of-the-North-Report-FINAL.pdf

  43. The Food Foundation. A crisis within a crisis: the impact of COVID-19 on household food security. [Internet]; 2021. Available from: https://foodfoundation.org.uk/sites/default/files/2021-10/FF_Impact-of-Covid_FINAL.pdf

  44. Ge L, Yap CW, Ong R, Heng BH. Social isolation, loneliness and their relationships with depressive symptoms: a population-based study. PLoS One 2017;12(8):e0182145.

  45. Hawkley LC, Cacioppo JT. Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Ann Behav Med 2010;40(2):218–27.

  46. Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Baker M, Harris T, Stephenson, D. Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspect Psychol Sci 2015;10(2):227–37.

  47. Lim MH, Gleeson JFM, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Penn DL. Loneliness in psychosis: a systematic review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018;53(3):221–38.

  48. Prime Minister’s Office. PM launches Government’s first loneliness strategy. [Internet]; 2018. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/pm-launches-governments-first-loneliness-strategy

  49. Crompton T. Common cause: the case for working with our cultural values. Woking: WWF-UK; 2010.

  50. Keinan A, Bellezza S, Paharia N. The symbolic value of time. Curr Opin Psychol 2019;26:58–61.

  51. Pfeffer J. Dying for a paycheck: how modern management harms employee health and company performance-and what we can do about it. New York: Harper Business; 2018.

  52. Putnam R. Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster Ltd; 2001.

  53. Reece LJ, Owen K, Graney M, Jackson C, Shields M, Turner G, et al. Barriers to initiating and maintaining participation in parkrun. BMC Public Health 2022;22:83.

  54. Sharman MJ, Nash M, Cleland V. Health and broader community benefit of parkrun-An exploratory qualitative study. Health Promot J Austr 2019;30(2):163–71.

  55. Turkle S. Alone together: why we expect more from technology and less from each other. New York: Basic Books; 2017.

  56. Levine R. A geography of time: the temporal misadventures of a social psychologist, or how every culture keeps time just a little bit differently. New York: Basic Books; 2008.

  57. Waldinger RJ, Cohen S, Schulz MS, Crowell JA. Security of attachment to spouses in late life: concurrent and prospective links with cognitive and emotional well-being. Clin Psychol Sci 2015;3(4):516–29.

  58. Breedvelt JJF, Tiemeier H, Sharples E, Galea S, Niedzwiedz C, Elliott I, et al. The effects of neighbourhood social cohesion on preventing depression and anxiety among adolescents and young adults: rapid review. BJPsych Open 2022;8(4):e97.

  59. Gearhart MC. Social cohesion, mutual efficacy and informal social control: collective efficacy and community-based crime prevention. Int J Law Crime Justice 2022;71:100548.

  60. Durkheim E. Suicide: a study in sociology. Paris: Routledge; 1897.

  61. Dattani S, Rodés-Guirao L, Ritchie H, Roser M, Ortiz-Ospina E. Suicide. [Internet]. Our World in Data; 2023. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/suicide

  62. Dittmar H, Bond R, Hurst M, Kasser T. The relationship between materialism and personal well-being: a meta-analysis. J Pers Soc Psychol 2014;107(5):879.

  63. Kasser T, Rosenblum KL, Sameroff AJ, Deci EL, Niemiec CP, Ryan RM, et al. Changes in materialism, changes in psychological well-being: evidence from three longitudinal studies and an intervention experiment. Motiv Emot 2014;38(1):1–22.

  64. Thompson D. The 10 things economics can tell us about happiness. [Internet]. The Atlantic; 2012. Available from: https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/05/the-10-things-economics-can-tell-us-about-happiness/257947/

  65. Braveman P, Egerter S, Williams DR. The social determinants of health: coming of age. Annu Rev Public Health 2011;32(1):381–98.

  66. Marmot M, Bell R. Fair society, healthy lives. Public Health 2012;126(Suppl 1):S4–10.

  67. Allen J, Balfour R, Bell R, Marmot M. Social determinants of mental health. Int Rev Psychiatry 2014;26(4):392–407.

  68. Marmot M, Bell R. Social inequalities in health: a proper concern of epidemiology. Ann Epidemiol 2016;26(4):238–40.

  69. World Health Organization. Social determinants of mental health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.

  70. Davies J. Sedated: how modern capitalism created our mental health crisis. London: Atlantic Books; 2021.

  71. Iacobucci G. NHS prescribed record number of antidepressants last year. BMJ 2019;364:l1508.

  72. Office for National Statistics. Household debt in Great Britain: April 2016 to March 2018. [Internet]; 2019. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/personalandhouseholdfinances/incomeandwealth/bulletins/householddebtingreatbritain/april2016tomarch2018

  73. Abramson J. Sickening: how big pharma broke American health care and how we can repair it. Boston: Mariner Books; 2022.

  74. McKee M, Stuckler D. The crisis of capitalism and the marketisation of health care: the implications for public health professionals. J Public Health Res 2012;1(3):236–39.

  75. Rose G. Sick individuals and sick populations. Int J Epidemiol 2001;30(3):427–32.

  76. Davies J. Cracked: why psychiatry is doing more harm than good. London: Icon Books; 2013.

  77. Bansal N, Hudda M, Payne RA, Smith DJ, Kessler D, Wiles N. Antidepressant use and risk of adverse outcomes: population-based cohort study. BJPsych Open 2022;8(e164):1–9.

  78. Chen S, Cardinal RN. Accessibility and efficiency of mental health services, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Bull World Health Organ 2020;99(9):674–79.

  79. UK Parliament. Mental health statistics: prevalence, services and funding in England. [Internet]; 2021. Available from: https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn06988/

  80. Altheide DL. Creating fear: news and the construction of crisis. London: Routledge; 2002.

  81. Bude H. Society of fear. Cambridge: Polity Press; 2018.

  82. Rosling H, Rosling O, Rosling Rönnlund A. Factfulness: ten reasons we’re wrong about the world – and why things are better than you think. London: Sceptre; 2019.

  83. Ritchie H, Roser M, Spooner F. Causes of Death [Internet]. Our World in Data; 2018. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/causes-of-death

  84. Klein N. The shock doctrine: the rise of disaster capitalism. Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf; 2007.

  85. Hope D, Limberg J. The economic consequences of major tax cuts for the rich. Socio-Econ Rev 2022;20(2):539–59.

  86. Oxfam. A cautionary tale: the true cost of austerity and inequality in Europe. Oxford: Oxfam; 2013.

  87. Reeves A, Basu S, McKee M, Marmot M, Stuckler D. Austere or not? UK coalition government budgets and health inequalities. J R Soc Med 2013;106(11):432–36.

  88. Stiglitz J. The price of inequality. New York: W.W. Norton & Company; 2013.

  89. Shaxson N. Treasure islands: uncovering the damage of offshore banking and tax havens. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2011.

  90. Oxfam. Rigged reform. [Internet]; 2017. Available from: https://s3.amazonaws.com/oxfam-us/www/static/media/files/Rigged_Reform_FINAL.pdf

  91. Milner J, Hamilton I, Woodcock J, Williams M, Davies M, Wilkinson P, et al. Health benefits of policies to reduce carbon emissions. BMJ 2010;368:l6758.

  92. World Health Organization. Climate change and health. [Internet]; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health

  93. Green F, Denniss R. Cutting with both arms of the scissors: the economic and political case for restrictive supply-side climate policies. Clim Change 2018;150:73–87.

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Chapter 3

  1. The Centre for Social Justice. No quick fix: exposing the depth of Britain’s drug and alcohol problem. [Internet]; 2013. Available from: https://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/addict.pdf

  2. Addiction Centre. Addiction in the UK. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://www.addictioncenter.com/addiction/addiction-in-the-uk/

  3. BBC. NHS accused of fuelling rise in opioid addiction. [Internet]; 2018. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-43304375

  4. Office for National Statistics Alcohol-specific deaths in the UK: registered in 2018. [Internet]; 2018. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/causesofdeath/bulletins/alcoholrelateddeathsintheunitedkingdom/2018

  5. Public Health England Estimates of alcohol dependent adults in England. [Internet]; 2019. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/alcohol-dependence-prevalence-in-england

  6. Public Health England. The public health burden of alcohol and the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alcohol control policies: an evidence review. [Internet]; 2016. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-public-health-burden-of-alcohol-evidence-review

  7. NHS Digital. Statistics on Alcohol, England 2019. Part 1: alcohol-related hospital admissions. [Internet]; 2019. Available from: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/statistics-on-alcohol/2019/part-1

  8. Office for National Statistics Adult drinking habits in Great Britain: 2017. [Internet]; 2018. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/drugusealcoholandsmoking/datasets/adultdrinkinghabits

  9. Department for Transport. Estimated number of reported drink drive accidents and casualties in Great Britain: 1979–2017. [Internet]; 2019. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/reported-drinking-and-driving-ras51#drink-drive-accidents-and-casualties

  10. Samaritans. Suicide facts and figures. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://www.samaritans.org/about-samaritans/research-policy/suicide-facts-and-figures/

  11. Ilyas S, Moncrieff J. Trends in prescriptions and costs of drugs for mental disorders in England, 1998–2010. BJPsych 2012;200(5):393–98.

  12. Royal College of Psychiatrists. Position statement on antidepressants and depression. [Internet]; 2019. Available from: https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/improving-care/better-mh-policy/position-statements/ps04_19---antidepressants-and-depression.pdf?sfvrsn=ddea9473_5

  13. Beau-Lejdstrom R, Douglas I, Evans SJW, Smeeth L. Latest trends in ADHD drug prescribing patterns in children in the UK: prevalence, incidence and persistence. BMJ Open 2016;6:e010508.

  14. Renoux C, Shin JY, Dell'Aniello S, Fergusson E, Suissa S. Prescribing trends of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications in UK primary care, 1995–2015. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016;82(3):858–68.

  15. BBC. Billion dollar deals and how they changed your world. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b096sjbv/episodes/guide

  16. Peters PS. The chimp paradox. London: Vermilion; 2012.

  17. Sapolsky RM, Share LJ. A pacific culture among wild baboons: its emergence and transmission. PLoS Biol 2004;2:534–41.

  18. van der Zee R. How Amsterdam became the bicycle capital of the world. [Internet]. The Guardian; 2015. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/may/05/amsterdam-bicycle-capital-world-transport-cycling-kindermoord

  19. Langer EJ. Mindfulness. Reading: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co; 1989.

  20. Statista. Pfizer revenue boosted by COVID-19 drugs. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://www.statista.com/chart/25434/pfizer-annual-revenue/

  21. Maslow AH. Toward a psychology of being. New York: Van Nostrand; 1968.

  22. World Health Organization. Depression. [Internet]; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

  23. Seligman MEP. Flourish: a visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. New York: Free Press; 2011.

Chapter 4

  1. Azétsop J, Joy TR. Access to nutritious food, socioeconomic individualism and public health ethics in the USA: a common good approach. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2013;8:16.

  2. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2017;390:2627–642.

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  19. Bezemer D, Hudson M. Finance is not the economy: reviving the conceptual distinction. J Econ Issues 2016;50(3):745–68.

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  6. Lomas J, Williams J. Health matters: ambitions to tackle persisting inequalities in cardiovascular disease. [Internet]. UK Health Security Agency; 2019. Available from: https://publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk/2019/03/04/health-matters-ambitions-to-tackle-persisting-inequalities-in-cardiovascular-disease/

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  9. Marmot MG, Bosma H, Hemingway H, Brunner E, Stansfeld S. Contribution of job control and other risk factors to social variations in coronary heart disease incidence. Lancet 1997;350:235–39.

  10. Hobsbawm EJ. Industry and empire: from 1750 to the present day. New York: New Press; 1999.

  11. McEwen BS. Stress, adaptation, and disease: allostasis and allostatic load. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998;840:33–44.

  12. Savage M. Social class in the 21st century. London: Pelican; 2015.

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  3. Veblen T. The theory of the leisure class. New York: Viking Press; 1967.

  4. Skidelsky R, Skidelsky E. How much is enough? Money and the good life. New York: Other Press; 2012.

  5. Wallace DF. Infinite jest: a novel. Boston: Little, Brown and Company; 1996.

  6. Bernays EL. Propaganda. New York: H. Liveright; 1928.

  7. Schwartz B. The paradox of choice: why more is less. New York: Ecco; 2004.

  8. Collishaw S, Maughan B, Goodman R, Pickles A. Time trends in adolescent mental health. J Child Psychol Psychiat 2004;45(8):1350–62.

  9. Collishaw S, Maughan B, Natarajan L, Pickles, A. Trends in adolescent emotional problems in England: a comparison of two national cohorts twenty years apart. J Child Psychol Psychiat 2010;51(8):885–94.

  10. James O. Affluenza: how to be successful and stay sane. London: Vermilion; 2007.

  11. Packard V. The hidden persuaders. New York: D. McKay Co; 1957.

  12. Fromm E. To have or to be. New York: Harper & Row; 1976.

  13. Bank of England. Household debt and Covid. [Internet]; 2021. Available from: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/quarterly-bulletin/2021/2021-q2/household-debt-and-covid

  14. Sandel MJ. What money can't buy: the moral limits of markets. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux; 2012.

  15. Dorling D. Injustice: why social inequality still persists. Bristol: Policy Press, 2015.

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  4. Layard R. Happiness: lessons from a new science. London: Penguin; 2011.

  5. Marx K. Wage labour and capital. Neue Rheinische Zeitung; 1849. Available from: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/

  6. Allen KA, Gray DL, Baumeister RF, Leary MR. The need to belong: a deep dive into the origins, implications, and future of a foundational construct. Educ Psychol Rev 2022;34:1133–56.

  7. United Nations. Don’t let the digital divide become ‘the new face of inequality’: UN deputy chief. [Internet]; 2021. Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/04/1090712

  8. Sapolsky RM. Why zebras don't get ulcers. New York: Times Books, 2004.

  9. Keyes KM, Hatzenbuehler ML, Grant BF, Hasin DS. Stress and alcohol: epidemiologic evidence. Alcohol Res 2012;34(4):391–400.

  10. Slopen N, Kontos EZ, Ryff CD, Ayanian JZ, Albert MA, Williams DR. Psychosocial stress and cigarette smoking persistence, cessation, and relapse over 9–10 years: a prospective study of middle-aged adults in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 2013;24(10):1849–63.

  11. Stults-Kolehmainen MA, Sinha R. The effects of stress on physical activity and exercise. Sports Med 2014;44(1):81–121.

  12. Roser M. The short history of global living conditions and why it matters that we know it. [Internet]. Our World in Data; 2020. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/a-history-of-global-living-conditions-in-5-charts

  13. Ortiz-Ospina E, Giattino C, Roser M. Time use. [Internet]. Our World in Data; 2020. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/time-use

  14. Veblen T. The theory of the leisure class. New York: Viking Press; 1967.

  15. Marmot M. Status syndrome. Significance 2004;1(4):150–54.

  16. Sapolsky RM. The influence of social hierarchy on primate health. Science 2005;308(5722):648–52.

  17. Marmot MG. Status syndrome: how your social standing directly affects your health and life expectancy. London: Bloomsbury Publishing; 2012.

  18. Haig M. Reasons to stay alive. Edinburgh: Canongate Books Ltd; 2015.

  19. Michel C, Sovinsky M, Proto E, Oswald AJ. Advertising as a major source of human dissatisfaction: cross-national evidence on one million Europeans. In: Rojas M, editor. The economics of happiness. [Internet]. Springer; 2019. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15835-4_10

  20. Sirgy MJ, Gurel-Atay E, Webb D, Cicic M, Husic M, Ekici A, et al. Linking advertising, materialism, and life satisfaction. Soc Indic Res 2012;107:79–101.

  21. Kasser T, Rosenblum KL, Sameroff AJ, Deci EL, Niemiec CP, Ryan RM, et al. Changes in materialism, changes in psychological well-being: evidence from three longitudinal studies and an intervention experiment. Motiv Emot 2014;38:1–22.

  22. Lapierre MA, Fleming-Milici F, Rozendaal S, McAlister AR, Castonguay J. The effect of advertising on children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2017;140(Supplement 2):S152–6.

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  27. Wilkinson RG, Pickett K. The inner level: how more equal societies reduce stress, restore sanity and improve everybody’s wellbeing. London: Penguin; 2018.

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Chapter 9

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  2. El-Sahli Z, Upward R. Off the waterfront: the long-run impact of technological change on dock workers. Br J Ind Relat 2017;55(2):225–73.

  3. Microsoft. The day the horse lost its job. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://blogs.microsoft.com/today-in-tech/day-horse-lost-job/

  4. Oxford Economics. How robots change the world. [Internet]; 2019. Available from: https://www.oxfordeconomics.com/recent-releases/how-robots-change-the-world

  5. Gentili A, Compagnucci F, Gallegati M, Valentini E. Are machines stealing our jobs? Camb J Reg Econ Soc 2020;13(1):153–73.

  6. Office for National Statistics. Which occupations are at highest risk of being automated? [Internet]; 2019. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/whichoccupationsareathighestriskofbeingautomated/2019-03-25

  7. Forbes. What's automation ever done for us? Okay, there is the improvement in worker safety. [Internet]; 2018. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimvinoski/2018/12/07/whats-automation-ever-done-for-us-okay-there-is-the-improvement-in-worker-safety/?sh=716fd2e2771e

  8. Allen RC. Engels’ pause: technical change, capital accumulation, and inequality in the British industrial revolution. Explor Econ Hist 2009;46:418–35.

  9. Foresight Government Office for Science. De-industrialisation and the balance of payments in advanced economies. [Internet]; 2013. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/283905/ep31-de-industrialisation-and-balance-of-payments.pdf

  10. Foresight Government Office for Science. The implications for employment of the shift to high-value manufacturing. [Internet]; 2013. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/283885/ep9-shift-to-high-value-manufacturing-implications.pdf

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  18. Davies W. The happiness industry: how the government and big business sold us well-being. London: Verso; 2015.

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  20. World Health Organization. Long working hours increasing deaths from heart disease and stroke: WHO, ILO. [Internet]; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/17-05-2021-long-working-hours-increasing-deaths-from-heart-disease-and-stroke-who-ilo

  21. Higher Education Student Data. Higher Education student statistics: UK, 2018/19 – Student numbers and characteristics. [Internet]; 2020. Available from: https://www.hesa.ac.uk/news/16-01-2020/sb255-higher-education-student-statistics/numbers

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  2. World Health Organization. Global status report on physical activity 2022. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022.

  3. Church TS, Thomas DM, Tudor-Locke C, Katzmarzyk PT, Earnest CP, Rodarte RQ, et al. Trends over 5 decades in U.S. occupation-related physical activity and their associations with obesity. PLoS One 2011;6(5):e19657.

  4. Arem H, Moore SC, Patel A, Hartge P, de Gonzalez AB, Visvanathan K, et al. Leisure time physical activity and mortality a detailed pooled analysis of the dose-response relationship. JAMA Intern Med 2015;175(6):959–67.

  5. Foresight Government Office for Science. Mental capital and wellbeing: making the most of ourselves in the 21st century. London: Government Office for Science; 2008.

  6. Katzmarzyk PT, Mason C. The physical activity transition. J Phys Act Health 2009;6:269–80.

  7. Tranter P. Active travel: a cure for the hurry virus. J Occup Sci 2014;21(1):65–76.

  8. Levine R. A geography of time: the temporal misadventures of a social psychologist, or how every culture keeps time just a little bit differently. New York: Basic Books; 2008.

  9. Crerar P. Leaked audio reveals Liz Truss said British workers needed ‘more graft’. The Guardian; 2022. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/aug/16/leaked-audio-reveals-liz-truss-said-british-workers-needed-more-graft

  10. Pfeffer J. Dying for a paycheck: how modern management harms employee health and company performance – and what we can do about it. New York: Harper Business; 2018.

  11. Holtermann A, Krause N, van der Beek AJ, Straker L. The physical activity paradox: six reasons why occupational physical activity (OPA) does not confer the cardiovascular health benefits that leisure time physical activity does. Br J Sports Med 2018;52:149–50.

  12. Straker L, Holtermann A, Lee IM, van der Beek AJ, Stamatakis E. Privileging the privileged: the public health focus on leisure time physical activity has contributed to widening socioeconomic inequalities in health. Br J Sports Med 2021;55:525–26.

  13. Lieberman D. Exercised: why something we never evolved to do is healthy and rewarding. New York: Pantheon Books; 2020.

  14. Kelly P, Williamson C, Niven AG, Hunter R, Mutrie N, Richards J. Walking on sunshine: scoping review of the evidence for walking and mental health. Br J Sports Med 2018;52:800–06.

  15. Morris JN, Hardman AE. Walking to health. Sports Med 1997;23:306–32.

  16. World Economic Forum. Traffic congestion cost the US economy nearly $87 billion in 2018. [Internet]; 2019. Available from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/03/traffic-congestion-cost-the-us-economy-nearly-87-billion-in-2018/

  17. World Health Organization. Road traffic injuries. [Internet]; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries

  18. Freudenberg N. Lethal but legal: corporations, consumption, and protecting public health. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014.

  19. Ng SW, Popkin BM. Time use and physical activity: a shift away from movement across the globe. Obes Rev 2012;13(8):659–80.

  20. Biddle SJH. Barriers to physical activity: time to change? A Preventive Medicine Golden Jubilee Editorial. Prev Med 2022;163:107193.

  21. Marmot MG. Status syndrome: how your social standing directly affects your health and life expectancy. London: Bloomsbury Publishing; 2012.

  22. Zuboff S. The age of surveillance capitalism: the fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. New York: Hachette; 2019.

  23. Noonan RJ. An investigation into children’s out-of-school physical activity. [Internet]; 2017. Available from: https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/6581/1/2017noonanphd.pdf

  24. Shaw B, Watson B, Frauendienst B, Redecker A, Jones T, Hillman, M. Children’s independent mobility: a comparative study in England and Germany (1971–2010). London: Policy Studies Institute; 2013.

  25. Hofferth SL, Sandberg JF. Changes in American children’s time, 1981–1997. Adv Life Course Res 2001;6:193–229.

  26. Noonan R. School run: cutting car use will take much more than educating children and parents. [Internet]. The Conversation; 2020. Available from: https://theconversation.com/school-run-cutting-car-use-will-take-much-more-than-educating-children-and-parents-143382

  27. Action Against Abduction. Police-Recorded child abduction. [Internet]; 2019. Available from: https://www.actionagainstabduction.org/about-abduction/police-recorded-child-abduction/

  28. New Economics Foundation. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://neweconomics.org/2022/05/exposed-the-collapse-of-green-space-provision-in-england-and-wales

  29. Gladwell VF, Brown DK, Wood C, Sandercock GR, Barton JL. The great outdoors: how a green exercise environment can benefit all. Extreme Physiol Med 2013;2:3.

  30. Barton M, Rogerson M. The importance of greenspace for mental health. BJPsych Int 2017;14(4):79–81.

  31. Pritchard A, Richardson M, Sheffield D, McEwan K. The relationship between nature connectedness and eudaimonic well-being: a meta-analysis. J Happiness Stud 2019;21:1145–67.

  32. Vanaken GJ, Danckaerts M. Impact of green space exposure on children’s and adolescents’ mental health: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018;15(12):2668.

  33. Hurley J, Walker GJ. Nature in our lives: examining the need for nature relatedness as a basic psychological need. J Leis Res 2019;50:290–310.

  34. Hari J. Stolen focus: why you can’t pay attention – and how to think deeply again. New York: Crown; 2022.

  35. Collishaw S. Annual research review: secular trends in child and adolescent mental health. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015;56:370–93.

  36. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2017;390:2627–42.

  37. Pitchforth J, Fahy K, Ford T, Wolpert M, Viner RM, Hargreaves DS. Mental health and well-being trends among children and young people in the UK, 1995–2014: analysis of repeated cross-sectional national health surveys. Psychol Med 2019;49:1275–85.

  38. Noonan RJ. Prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Liverpool between 2006 and 2012: evidence of widening socioeconomic inequalities. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018;15:2612.

  39. Noonan RJ. The effect of childhood deprivation on weight status and mental health in childhood and adolescence: longitudinal findings from the Millennium Cohort Study. J Public Health 2019;41(3):456–61.

  40. Moss P, Roberts-Holmes G. Now is the time! Confronting neo-liberalism in early childhood. Contemp Issues Early Child 2022;23(1):96–99.

Chapter 11

  1. Morris JN, Crawford MD. Coronary heart disease and physical activity of work. Br Med J 1958;2(5111):1485–96.

  2. Morris JN, Hardman AE. Walking to health. Sports Med 1997;23:306–32.

  3. O’Mara SM. In praise of walking: the new science of how we walk and why it's good for us. London: The Bodley Head; 2019.

  4. Rose G. Sick individuals and sick populations. Int J Epidemiol 2001;30(3):427–32.

  5. Pinker S. Enlightenment now: the case for reason, science, humanism, and progress. New York: Viking; 2018.

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  8. Levine R. A geography of time: the temporal misadventures of a social psychologist, or how every culture keeps time just a little bit differently. New York: Basic Books; 2008.

  9. Royal Society for Public Health. Top 20 public health achievements of the 21st century. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://www.rsph.org.uk/our-work/policy/top-20-public-health-achievements-of-the-21st-century.html

  10. Winters M, Buehler R, Götschi T. Policies to promote active travel: evidence from reviews of the literature. Curr Environ Health Rep 2017;4:278–85.

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  15. Noonan R. Walking – Why we should do more, often don’t, and what the government can do to help. [Internet]. Food Active; 2021. Available from: https://foodactive.org.uk/guest-blog-walking-why-we-should-do-more-often-dont-and-what-the-government-can-do-to-help/?

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  24. Met Office. The great smog of 1952. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/weather/case-studies/great-smog

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  29. Evans JT, Phan H, Buscot MJ, Gall S, Cleland V. Correlates and determinants of transport-related physical activity among adults: an interdisciplinary systematic review. BMC Public Health 2022;22:1519.

  30. Pettee Gabriel KK, Morrow JrJR, Woolsey ALT. Framework for physical activity as a complex and multidimensional behavior. J Phys Act Health 2012;9(Suppl 1):S11–18.

  31. Yang H, An R, Clarke CV, Shen J. Impact of economic growth on physical activity and sedentary behaviors: a systematic review. Public Health 2023;215:17–26.

  32. Dumith SC, Hallal PC, Reis RS, Kohl HW. Worldwide prevalence of physical inactivity and its association with human development index in 76 countries. Prev Med 2011;53(1–2):24–28.

  33. Kelly P, Williamson C, Niven AG, Hunter R, Mutrie N, Richards J. Walking on sunshine: scoping review of the evidence for walking and mental health. Br J Sports Med 2018;52:800–06.

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  35. Patel V, Saxena S, Lund C, Thornicroft G, Baingana F, Bolton P, et al. The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development. Lancet 2018;392(10157):1553–98.

  36. Swinburn BA, Kraak VI, Allender S, Atkins VJ, Baker PI, Bogard JR, et al. The global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change: The Lancet Commission report. Lancet 2019;393(10173):791–846.

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  40. Mattioli G, Roberts C, Steinberger JK, Brown A. The political economy of car dependence: a systems of provision approach. Energy Res Soc Sci 2020;66:101486.

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Chapter 12

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  2. World Economic Forum. 3 reasons why embracing the circular economy can be powerful for middle income countries. [Internet]; 2021. Available from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/01/why-middle-income-countries-should-embrace-circular-economy/

  3. Dang HAH, Serajuddin U. Tracking the sustainable development goals: emerging measurement challenges and further reflections. World Dev 2020;127:104570.

  4. BBC. The perils of short-termism: civilisation’s greatest threat. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190109-the-perils-of-short-termism-civilisations-greatest-threat

  5. Storr W. The status game: on social position and how we use it. London: William Collins; 2021.

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Chapter 13

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  2. Durrell L, Thomas AG. Spirit of place: letters and essays on travel. London: Faber and Faber; 1969.

  3. Marshall T. Prisoners of geography. London: Elliott & Thompson; 2016.

  4. Acemoglu D, Robinson JA. Why nations fail: the origins of power, prosperity, and poverty. London: Profile Books; 2012.

  5. Chadwick E. Report on the sanitary conditions of the labouring population of Great Britain. London: W. Clowes and Sons for Her Majesty's Stationery Office; 1842.

  6. Rosen G. A history of public health. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2015.

  7. BBC. Developments in public health and welfare. [Internet]; 2022. Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9924qt/revision/5

  8. Riedel S. Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination. Proc 2005;18(1):21–25.

  9. Riley JC. Rising life expectancy: a global history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2001.

  10. Friedlander E. Rudolf Virchow on pathology education. [Internet]; 2005. Available from: http://www.pathguy.com/virchow.html

  11. Ashton JR. Back to back housing, courts, and privies: the slums of 19th century England. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60:654.

  12. Hippocrates. Hippocrates on airs, waters, and places. London: Wyman & Sons; 1881.

  13. Tressell R. The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists. London: Grant Richards; 1914.

  14. Department of Health and Social Security. Inequalities in health: report of a research working group. London: Department of Health and Social Security; 1980.

  15. Noonan R. We’ve known for over a century that our environment shapes our health, so why are we still blaming unhealthy lifestyles? [Internet]. The Conversation; 2020. Available from: https://theconversation.com/weve-known-for-over-a-century-that-our-environment-shapes-our-health-so-why-are-we-still-blaming-unhealthy-lifestyles-145597

  16. Engels F. The condition of the working class in England. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1845/2009.

  17. Orwell G. The road to Wigan Pier. London: Victor Gollancz; 1937.

  18. Bambra C, Riordan R, Ford J, Matthews F. The COVID-19 pandemic and health inequalities. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020;74:964–68.

  19. Lansley S, Mack J. Breadline Britain: the rise of mass poverty. London: Oneworld Publications; 2015.

  20. Stuckler D, Basu S. The body economic: why austerity kills: recessions, budget battles, and the politics of life and death. New York: Basic Books; 2013.

  21. Kickbusch I, Allen L, Franz C. The commercial determinants of health. Lancet Glob Health 2016;4(12):e895–96.

  22. Kelly L. Irish migration to Liverpool and Lancashire in the nineteenth century. [Internet]; 2014. Available from: https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/history/chm/outreach/migration/backgroundreading/migration/

  23. Hasell J, Roser M. Famines. [Internet]. Our World in Data; 2017. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/famines

  24. Hasell J. Famine mortality over the long run. [Internet]. Our World in Data; 2018. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/famine-mortality-over-the-long-run

  25. Conway E. Coronavirus: we're all in this together – but some more than others. [Internet]. Sky News; 2020. Available from: https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-were-all-in-this-together-but-some-more-than-others-11981917

  26. Public Health England. Disparities in the risk and outcomes of COVID-19. [Internet]; 2020. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/908434/Disparities_in_the_risk_and_outcomes_of_COVID_August_2020_update.pdf

  27. Kiross GT, Chojenta C, Barker D, Loxton D. The effects of health expenditure on infant mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from panel data analysis. Health Econ Rev 2020;10:5.

  28. Our World in Data. Child mortality vs per capita health expenditure, 2019. [Internet]; 2019. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-total-expenditure-on-health-vs-child-mortality

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Chapter 14

  1. Strazdins L, Loughrey B. Too busy: why time is a health and environmental problem. N S W Public Health Bull 2007;18(11–12):219–21.

  2. Honore C. In praise of slow: how a worldwide movement is challenging the cult of speed. Toronto: Vintage Canada; 2004.

  3. Bangham G, Gustafsson M. The time of your life: time use in London and the UK over the past 40 years. [Internet]. The Resolution Foundation; 2020. Available from: https://www.resolutionfoundation.org/app/uploads/2020/07/The-time-of-your-life.pdf

  4. Scott AJ, Gratton L. The new long life: a framework for flourishing in a changing world. London: Bloomsbury Publishing; 2020.

  5. Office for National Statistics. Healthcare expenditure, UK health accounts. [Internet]; 2017. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthcaresystem/bulletins/ukhealthaccounts/2017

  6. Department of Health and Social Care. Prevention is better than cure: our vision to help you live well for longer. [Internet]; 2018. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/prevention-is-better-than-cure-our-vision-to-help-you-live-well-for-longer

  7. Rose G. Sick individuals and sick populations. Int J Epidemiol 2001;30(3):427–32.

  8. Syme SL. The prevention of disease and promotion of health: the need for a new approach. Eur J Public Health 2007;17(4):329–30.

  9. Swinburn BA, Kraak VI, Allender S, Atkins VJ, Baker PI, Bogard JR, et al. The global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change: The Lancet Commission report. Lancet 2019;393:791–846.

  10. Swinburn BA, Sacks G, Hall KD. The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments. Lancet 2011;378:804–14.

  11. Fontaine KR, Redden DT, Wang C, Westfall AO, Allison DB. Years of life lost due to obesity. J Am Med Assoc 2003;289:187–93.

  12. Gulliford MC, Charlton J, Prevost T, Booth H, Fildes A, Ashworth M, et al. Costs and outcomes of increasing access to bariatric surgery: cohort study and cost-effectiveness analysis using electronic health records. Value Health 2016;20(1):85–92.

  13. Oyebode O. Weight-loss surgery in England: many who need it aren’t getting it. [Internet]. The Conversation; 2019. Available from: https://theconversation.com/weight-loss-surgery-in-england-many-who-need-it-arent-getting-it-118204

  14. Welbourn W, le Roux CW, Owen-Smith A, Wordsworth S, Blazeby JM. Why the NHS should do more bariatric surgery; how much should we do? BMJ 2016;353:i1472.

  15. Picot J, Jones J, Colquitt JL, Gospodarevskaya E, Loveman E, Baxter L, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2009;13(41).

  16. Public Health England. Reducing health inequalities: system, scale and sustainability. [Internet]; 2017. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/731682/Reducing_health_inequalities_system_scale_and_sustainability.pdf

  17. Wilkinson R. Unhealthy societies: the afflictions of inequality. London: Routledge; 1996.

  18. Clear J. Atomic habits: tiny changes, remarkable results: an easy & proven way to build good habits & break bad ones. New York: Avery; 2018.

  19. Duhigg C. The power of habit: why we do what we do in life and business. New York: Random House; 2012.

  20. Mischel W, Shoda Y, Peake PK. The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of gratification. J Pers Soc Psychol 1988;54(4):687–96.

  21. Mischel W, Shoda Y, Rodriguez ML. Delay of gratification in children. Science 1989;244(4907):933–38.

  22. Seligman MEP. Flourish: a visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. New York: Free Press; 2011.

Chapter 15

  1. Szreter S. Economic growth, disruption, deprivation, disease, and death: on the importance of the politics of public health for development. Popul Dev Rev 1997;23(4):693–728.

  2. NHS. NHS long term plan. [Internet]; 2023. Available from: https://www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/

  3. Meadows D. Leverage points: places to intervene in a system. Hartland: The Sustainability Institute; 1999.

  4. Thaler RH, Sunstein CR. Nudge: improving decisions about health, wealth and happiness. London: Penguin; 2009.

  5. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs. Plastic bag use falls by more than 98% after charge introduction. [Internet]; 2023. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/plastic-bag-use-falls-by-more-than-98-after-charge-introduction

  6. Thatcher M. Interview for Sunday Times. [Internet]; 1981. Available from: https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104475

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