Absolute educational effect

, 117

Accountability, implications for

, 51–53

Act of Succession

, 36

Act of Succession within the Monarchy (1810)

, 26

Age of Liberty, The

, 17–18

Agencies

, 54

Agenda 2030

, 167, 169

Alternative media

, 138

Attitudes

, 44

Authoritarian regimes

, 2

Authoritarian-leaning political parties

, 43

Autocratization

, 1–2, 12, 145–149, 169

Bertelsmann Stiftung

, 3–4

Bureaucratic arena

, 49, 62

in Sweden

, 50

Bureaucratic society (see also Civil society; Economic society; International Society; Judicial society; Political society)

, 7–8, 10

from government to governance

, 51–53

public administration and state apparatus at work

, 55–61

system of public governance in Sweden

, 53–55

Care during pandemic

, 55–58

Central for democracy

, 115

Central government

, 54–55

Centre Party

, 39–41

Christian Democratic Party

, 38–39

Civil Liberties Union, The

, 68–69

Civil Rights Defenders (CRD)

, 91–92

Civil society (see also Bureaucratic society; Economic society; International Society; Judicial society; Media society, Political society)

, 7–8, 11, 34, 49, 100–101

changes to Swedish civil society–democracy nexus

, 105–108

democracy nexus

, 100–101

quality of

, 108–110

Swedish Civil Society

, 101–103

Classical liberalism

, 83

Commercial media

, 135

Confidence in public institutions

, 58–59

Consolidation of democracy

, 16–17, 33, 67, 92

Consolidation of liberal democracy

, 32–35

Constitution of 1974

, 35–38

Constitution of Sweden (1809)

, 18–19

Constitutional Act (1809)

, 15, 36–37

Constitutional Committee

, 37–38

Constitutional context, judicial society in

, 69–70

Constitutionalism

, 68, 74–75

Copenhagen criteria, The

, 146

Core values

, 60

Corona Commission, The

, 56–58

Corporate management

, 52–53

Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)

, 159

COVID-19 pandemic

, 56, 86

Crimmigration

, 71

Cultural polarization

, 41–44

Deepening democracy

, 16–17

Democracy

, 20, 70, 82–83, 167, 169

changes and challenges to

, 84–92

European order of

, 148–154

index of economist intelligence unit

, 70

rise of

, 41–44

Democratic backsliding

, 92

Democratic consolidation

, 31–32, 34, 81

and expansion of Swedish Welfare State

, 22–27

Democratic institutions

, 71

Democratic paradise, Sweden as

, 2–6

Democratic rule of law

, 70

Democratic theory

, 78–79

Democratic transitions of democracy

, 16–17

Democratization

, 2, 7–8, 12, 148–149

international–national linkages to

, 145

processes

, 1, 9–10

in Sweden

, 20

Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI)

, 89–90

Digital wave

, 89–90

Distribution of education

, 117–118

Economic society (see also Bureaucratic society; Civil society; International Society; Judicial society; Media society; Political society)

, 7–8, 11, 49

changes and challenges to Swedish economic society and democracy

, 84–92

and democracy

, 82–83

global threats affecting

, 84–87

Swedish economic society and welfare model

, 83–84

Economist Intelligence Unit

, 3, 67, 71, 153

Education

, 115, 119

Education Act, The (2010)

, 118, 124

Educational society (see also Bureaucratic society; Civil society; Economic society; International Society; Judicial society; Media society; Political society)

, 7–8, 11–12

contemporary challenges to Swedish School

, 121–124

educational system in Sweden

, 118–120

education–democracy nexus

, 116–118

from state control to marketization

, 119–120

Educational system in Sweden

, 118–120

Education–democracy nexus

, 116–118

Electoral authoritarian regimes

, 148

Electoral democracy

, 31

Electoral process

, 154

Ethics management

for good governance and upholding trust

, 59–61

strategies

, 62

European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)

, 148–149

European Commission

, 108

European context

, 71–72

European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR)

, 73

European Convention of Human Rights

, 68

European Economic Community (EEC)

, 148–149

European law

, 68

European Neighborhood Policy (ENP)

, 149

European order of democracy

, 148–154

European trend of autocratization, The

, 153

European Union (EU)

, 5, 69, 85, 145–146, 158, 162, 169

context

, 79

at crossroads

, 158–160

Europeanization

, 107

Eurostat

, 85

Exclusion

, 77

Flawed democracies

, 154

Formal political institutions

, 34

Freedom House

, 150, 154

Freedom of expression

, 102

Freedom of the Press Act (1766)

, 18

Freedom of the Press Act (1810)

, 18–19

Freedom of the Press Act (1949)

, 26

Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression

, 26, 36

General elections (1921)

, 19–22

Genetic Theory

, 31–32

Global State of Democracy indices

, 71

Global State of Democracy Report of 2022

, 71–72

Globalization

, 138–139

Good governance and upholding trust, ethics management for

, 59–61

Governance model

, 55

Governance reforms

, 49, 51–52

Government

, 27, 37

agencies

, 53–54

formation

, 38–41

to governance

, 51–53

Greens

, 39–41

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

, 52–53, 102

Health care during pandemic

, 55–58

Illiberal democracy

, 43

Illiberalism

, 158–160

Immigration and changing society

, 78–79

Individualization

, 105

Industrialization process

, 105–106

Institutionalized Swedish welfare state

, 83

Instrument of Government (1810)

, 18–19

Instrument of Government (1974)

, 26, 35–37

Integration policy

, 77

International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA)

, 121

International Mathematics and Science Study, The (TIMMS)

, 121

International Society (see also Bureaucratic society; Civil society; Economic society; Educational society; Judicial society; Media society; Political society)

, 12

changing Swedish democracy

, 160–162

European order of democracy

, 148–154

European Union at crossroads

, 158–160

international–national linkages to democratization

, 145

International-National Linkages, The

, 146

to democratization

, 145

Judicial institutions

, 100

Judicial society (see also Bureaucratic society; Civil society; Economic society; International Society, Political society)

, 7–8, 11

analysis of Swedish judicial society

, 72–75

changing political landscape

, 75–78

nature of Swedish democracy

, 70–72

in theoretical and constitutional context

, 69–70

Judicial system

, 74–75

Keynesian tradition

, 82–83

Left Party

, 39–41

Liberal corporatism

, 83–84

Liberal democracy

, 1, 4–5, 16–17

concept

, 42

political society and consolidation of

, 32–35

Liberal democratic systems

, 38, 42

Liberal dimension of democracy

, 3, 68

Liberties Rule of Law Report 2023, The

, 77–78

Marginalization

, 77

Marketization

process

, 124–125

from state control to

, 119–120

Marxist people’s democracy

, 34–35

Media

, 129

Media ownership concentration

, 137

Media society (see also Bureaucratic society; Civil society; Economic society; Educational society; International Society; Judicial society; Political society)

, 7–8, 12

challenges from lens of media system’s democratic roles

, 135–139

media systems in democracies and ideal roles

, 130–133

Swedish media system

, 133–135

Media system

, 130–131

challenges from lens of media system’s democratic roles

, 135–139

in democracies and ideal roles

, 130–133

Membership process

, 146

Minority governments principle

, 24–25

Mixed approach

, 82–83

Modernization process

, 105

National Commission of Enquiry report on COVID-19, The

, 86

National Geographic Society, The

, 87

National heterogenization

, 106

National populism

, 160

National unity

, 106

Nationalism

, 158–160

Nations in Transit Index

, 154

Neoliberal policy

, 120

New Democrats

, 38–41

New Public Management (NPM)

, 6, 51–52

reforms

, 52–53

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

, 101–102

Nordic Welfare model

, 25

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

, 6, 85

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

, 88, 121

Parliamentarism

, 26–27, 36–37

Parliamentary Act (1866)

, 19

Participatory democracy

, 16–17

Pessimism

, 22

Political institutions

, 100

Political landscape

, 38, 41, 75, 78

Political process

, 100

Political rights

, 150

Political society (see also Bureaucratic society; Civil society; Economic society; International Society; Judicial society)

, 7–8, 10, 34, 49

and consolidation of liberal democracy

, 32–35

Constitution of 1974

, 35–38

from five to eight parties

, 38–41

rise of SD, cultural polarization, and doubts about democracy

, 41–44

Political systems

, 6–7

in Sweden

, 25

Politics of Swedish democracy

democratic transitions and consolidation of democracy

, 16–17

road to general elections in 1921

, 19–22

Swedish political development before 1900

, 17–19

toward democratic consolidation and expansion of Swedish Welfare State

, 22–27

Polyarchy

, 22–23

Populism

, 71

Press conference journalism

, 136–137

Program for International Students Assessment (PISA)

, 121

Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)

, 121

Public administration and state apparatus at work

, 55–61

ethics management for good governance and upholding trust

, 59–61

health care and care during pandemic

, 55–58

trust and confidence in public institutions

, 58–59

Public governance in Sweden, system of

, 53–55

Public Health Agency

, 55, 57, 62, 136–137

Public service media

, 134

Publicity principle

, 60

Rally-round-the flag’ effect

, 58

Reforms

, 22–23, 52

Regime heterogeneity

, 7–8

Relative education model

, 117

Research

, 149

Riksdag Act (1810)

, 18–19

Riksdag Act (1974)

, 26, 36–37

Rule of law

, 70

Russian invasions of Georgia

, 145

School segregation

, 123

Segregation and between-school variation in student performance

, 123–124

Social constitution

, 79

Social democratic government

, 119–120

Social Democratic Party

, 5–6, 24–25, 38–39, 41

Social market

, 83–84

Social-Democratic Party

, 27

Society, immigration and changing

, 78–79

Socioeconomic vulnerable persons

, 56

Sub-national government

, 54

Succession Act (1810)

, 18–19

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 7–8, 116, 167

Sweden

, 67

democracy

, 71

as democratic paradise

, 2–6

democratization

, 19

economy

, 84

educational system in

, 118–120

system of public governance in

, 53–55

Sweden Comprehensive School Code

, 119

Sweden Democrats (SD)

, 5, 32, 43, 68–69, 161

rise of

, 41–44

Swedes

, 45

Swedish Agency for Public Management (SAPM)

, 60–61

Swedish Agency for Youth and Civil Society (MUCF)

, 109

Swedish Association Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR)

, 58, 61

Swedish civil society

, 99–103, 110

Swedish civil society–democracy nexus, changes to

, 105–108

Swedish Constitution

, 68, 73

Swedish context

, 81–82

Swedish democracy

, 12, 31–32, 79, 160, 162

nature of

, 70–72

quality of

, 6–8

structure of study

, 9–12

Sweden as democratic paradise

, 2–6

Swedish democratic system

, 26, 36

Swedish Economic Society

, 83–84, 90

changes and challenges to

, 84–92

global threats affecting economic society

, 84–87

internal threats affecting economic society

, 87–92

Swedish Education Act

, 116, 118

Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company, The (UR)

, 134

Swedish exceptionalism

, 5–6

Swedish government

, 17

Swedish Integration Board

, 77

Swedish judicial society, analysis of

, 72–75

Swedish justice system

, 68–69

Swedish law

, 68

Swedish legal system

, 73, 78

Swedish media

, 130

model

, 12

system

, 133–135

Swedish National Agency for Education (SNAE)

, 120

Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (BRA)

, 91–92

Swedish parliamentary system

, 6

Swedish political architecture, The

, 74–75

Swedish political debate, The

, 109

Swedish political system, The

, 25–26, 31–32

Swedish Public Health Agency

, 58–59

Swedish Public Radio (SR)

, 134

Swedish Public Television (SVT)

, 134

Swedish response, The

, 55

Swedish school

contemporary challenges to

, 121–124

increased segregation and between-school variation in student performance

, 123–124

school performance in international rankings

, 121–123

Swedish social democracy

, 5

Swedish state

, 73

Swedish system, The

, 119

Swedish system of judicial, The

, 73

Swedish welfare state, The

, 25

toward democratic consolidation and expansion of

, 22–27

Teorell’s Partisanship

, 31–32

Theoretical context, judicial society in

, 69–70

Tidö Agreement

, 40–41, 77–78

Toleration

, 41

Toxic polarization

, 159

Transition period

, 16

Transition process

, 16

Treaty on European Union (TEU)

, 148–149, 158

Trust

, 58–59

ethics management for good governance and upholding

, 59–61

in public institutions

, 58–59

Unemployment

, 72

Union of democracies

, 149

United Nations (UN)

, 11–12, 87, 167

Declaration of Human Rights

, 116

Department of Economic and Social Affairs

, 87

Sustainable Development Goals

, 87

Universal suffrage

, 21

Unreformed Bureaucracy

, 31–32

V-Dem index of liberal democracy

, 22–23

V-Dem Institute

, 3, 108, 147–148, 158

Welfare Model

, 83–84

Western democracies

, 32

World Health Organization (WHO)

, 87

World War I (WWI)

, 20

World War II (WWII)

, 22–23, 38