Active sports tourists

, 25–26

Adventure tourism

, 97–98

Aesthetics

, 82, 85–87

All Nippon Airways

, 46

Alliotiki Excursion

, 109–110

Alternative tourism

, 96

Ambiti Turistici

, 161–162

American Trails organization, The

, 99

AskmeSPb (mobile service)

, 48

Association of International Marathon & Distance Races (AIMS)

, 196

Athens Classic Marathon

, 200

Athens marathon, The

, 195–196, 201

Authentic Athens marathon

, 200–203

Author co-citation analysis (ACA)

, 12

Author’s keywords network, co-occurrence of

, 14–15

Automatic Content Analysis

, 116–117

Average citations per publication (ACP)

, 58

Average daily range (ADR)

, 45

Beijing Winter Olympic Games (2022)

, 79–80

Bibliographic coupling network

, 56–57, 66–67

Bibliometric assessment methods

, 16

Bibliometric connections

, 12

Bibliometric coupling

, 12

Bicycle route

, 158–159

Bidding process

, 215–216

Big Data approach

, 114

Blue Shield

, 217–218

Boston Marathon

, 196

Brand love and brand attachment

, 27

Business groups

, 219

Business network model

, 163

act as agent to stimulate and compose interests of territory

, 164

business plan of network

, 165–169

centre interest and lobbying

, 164

create business and tourist relationships

, 164

creation of business network

, 163–164

cycle tourism in Tuscany

, 160–163

cycling tourism

, 158–160

strengthen presence on market

, 164

Business relationships, tourist and

, 164

Campione (theme)

, 125

Carbon dioxide emissions (CO₂ emissions)

, 139

Carbon footprint methodology

, 143–144

Centrality measures

, 117

Cicloitinerario (types of itineraries)

, 161

Ciclovia (types of itineraries)

, 161

Citation

analysis

, 16–17

citation-based clustering approach

, 66–67

networks

, 12

Classes

, 82

Climbing

, 107

Co-authorship networks

, 12

for frequently cited authors

, 12

Co-citation analysis

, 13, 16–17

analysis of country-wise co-authorship network

, 15

analysis of source co-citation network

, 13

co-authorship networks for frequently cited authors

, 12

co-occurrence of author’s keywords network

, 14–15

network

, 12–15

Co-citation networks

, 12

Co-cited sources

, 13

Co-occurrence

, 120–121

of author’s keywords network

, 14–15

networks

, 12

Co-word analysis

, 16–17

Coaching (theme of educational experience)

, 86

Collaboration

, 159–160

Communicable infectious diseases

, 41–42

Communication

, 120–129

process

, 120

technologies

, 25–26

Communitarian method

, 232–233

Community involvement

, 17

Comparative analysis

, 120–121, 124

Competitive computer gaming

, 81–82

Consecutive analysis process

, 120–121

Contract network

, 168–169

Correlation hypothesis testing

, 191

Country-wise co-authorship network, analysis of

, 15

Country-wise publication

, 61

COVID-19 pandemic

, 142, 216

Cricket

, 1–2, 69–70

Cricket World Cup

, 55

Culture

, 219

Cycle tourism (see also Event tourism (ET))

, 157, 164

soft mobility masterplan of Province of Siena

, 161

Strade di Siena Project

, 162–163

Terre di Siena Slow project

, 161–162

in Tuscany

, 160–163

Cycling

, 157

cycling-related tourism activities

, 159

tourism

, 157–158, 160, 164

trips

, 166

Data analysis

, 143–144

Data retrieval

, 56

Decision-making process

, 23–26

Dependent variables

, 178

Descriptive analysis

, 179–188

escape

, 183–186

health and beauty

, 183

intention to visit health and wellness services in Malaysia

, 188

profile demographics of respondents

, 180

relaxation and relief

, 180–183

self-development

, 178

tourist motivation factors

, 180–188

Digital technologies

, 164

Disneyland

, 81

Ecotourism

, 97

Educational events

, 82

Educational experience

, 85–86

Emerging themes

, 121

Entertainment

, 79, 81, 85–86

Environmental Consciousness Index, The

, 143–144

Equipment to reduce pain and discomfort (theme of PC)

, 88

ERGO EXPO MARATHON

, 202

Escapism

, 82

Escapist

, 85, 87–88

European Cyclists Federation, The

, 157–158

European Federation

, 100

European Hiking Federation

, 100

European Ramblers Association, The

, 100–102, 106

European Union (EU)

, 157–158

attitudes of EU Citizens to moderate sport activity

, 238–239

attitudes of EU Citizens to sitting

, 241

attitudes of EU citizens to sport and physical activities in European Union

, 233–242

attitudes of EU citizens to vigorous sport activity

, 236–238

attitudes of EU Citizens towards walking

, 239–241

frequency of sport and physical activities in European Union

, 233–235

legal base and role of European Commission in managing tourism and sports policies after enlargement 2004

, 230–233

levels of engagement in sports activities by EU Citizens

, 236–242

literature review

, 230

motives and barriers of EU citizens to exercise sport and physical activity

, 241–242

tourism policy

, 231

EURORANDO

, 100

EuroVelo system

, 167

Event organizers

, 141

Event tourism (ET) (see also Sports tourism (ST))

, 64, 66, 197, 211

country-wise publication

, 61

data retrieval and search string

, 56

descriptive statistics

, 57–63

findings

, 57–69

implications and scope for future research

, 69–70

influential articles

, 58–61

knowledge cluster mapping

, 63–67

methodology

, 56–57

most productive authors

, 61–63

preferred publications

, 58

research methods

, 56–57

research trends

, 57–58

Excitement

, 85

Exotic village (theme of aesthetic)

, 86–87

Experience economy model (4Es)

, 79–81, 83

Experience–use–history (EUH)

, 140

Federation’s Leading Quality Trails programme (Federation’s LQT programme)

, 100

FIFA World Cup

, 55

Finding things to do (theme of SN)

, 88–89

Flysch

, 102

Focus group

, 28

results of

, 30

Football

, 1–2, 23, 26–27, 36

tourism sector

, 2–3

Frequency analysis

, 179

Friends of Chios Paths

, 109

Fun

, 85

Geodesic distance

, 118

Geotourism

, 24

GirodItalia (theme)

, 125–129

Global citations (GC)

, 60–61

Global Travel & Tourism Partnership (GTTP)

, 198–200

Globalization

, 41–42

Golf tourism

, 69

Good hotel facilities (theme of PC)

, 88

Greece

hiking as alternative form of tourism

, 97–99

hiking in international space

, 99–103

hiking tourism in

, 103–110

literature review

, 97–103

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 25

Hard adventure tourism

, 97–98

Health and wellness services in Malaysia, intention to visit

, 188

Hellenic Athletics Federation (SEGAS)

, 195

Hellenic Society for Environment and Culture’s ‘Cultural Paths’ programme, The

, 105

Hiking

, 98–99

in international space

, 99–103

tourism in Greece

, 103–110

Hiking/trekking

, 107

History cluster

, 121–124

Hospitality business forces to uplift attendance experience, sport venues engage tourism and

, 219–220

Hot springs (theme of escapist)

, 87–88

Hove Albion Football Club

, 220

Information and communication technology (ICT)

, 168

Information satisfaction (IS)

, 80–81

Innovative travelling experience

, 79

Instrumental case analysis

, 217

Integrated Regional Plan of Mobility Infrastructures (PRIIM)

, 161

Integrated spatial investments tool

, 104

Internal competitions

, 30–31

International Appalachian Trail

, 101

International Fai

, 43

International Federations (IF)

, 44–45

International Olympic Committee (IOC)

, 2, 41, 44, 214, 218–219

International space, hiking in

, 99–103

International Trail-Running Association

, 142

Istria Ultra-Trail, 100 miles of

, 141–142

Itineraries

, 161

Itinerario ciclo escursionistico

, 161

Japanese airlines

, 46

Jeju Olle Trail in South Korea, The

, 101

Kalymnos island

, 107

Keyword co-occurrence network

, 56–57, 63, 66

Keyword network analysis

, 14–15

Knowledge cluster mapping

, 63–67

bibliographic coupling network

, 66–67

keyword co-occurrence network

, 63–66

Kythera hiking trail of Kythera

, 105

La Balaguere

, 103

Learning from friends (theme of educational experience)

, 86

Legacy, concept of

, 198

Legacy Reporting Framework

, 218–219

Leisure

, 55

studies

, 13–14

Local citations count (LC count)

, 58–60

Macro niches

, 24

Magliarosa cluster

, 121–124

Major Tourism Event

, 201

Malaysia, intention to visit health and wellness services in

, 188

Man and Biosphere programme (MAB programme)

, 99–100

Marathon

, 202

authentic Athens marathon

, 200–203

races

, 197

as sport tourism event

, 203–204

theoretical framework

, 197–200

tourism

, 200

Marathon phenomenon

, 200

Market, strengthen presence on

, 164

Marketing forces

, 219

Master Card

, 219

Media communication process

, 118

Mega events

, 43

Mega-sports events

, 44, 133, 197

Menalon Social Cooperative Enterprise

, 106

Menalon Trail

, 106

in Arcadia

, 105

Micro niches

, 24

Modern sporting events

, 55

Mondial Tours (private company)

, 195

Multi-method approach

, 83

Multidimensional analysis maps (MDS)

, 125, 129

National Football League (NFL)

, 221–222

National Olympic Committees (NOC)

, 44–45

Nature-based sports

, 141

tourism

, 17

Netnographic method

, 79–80

Netnography

, 83

Network, business plan of

, 165–169

Network Analysis (NA)

, 116

tools

, 118

New sport venue, planning

, 213–215

Niche marketing

, 24

Niche tourism

, 24

Non-sporting events

, 43

Non-ST

, 82–83

Nordic hiking

, 98–99

Nostalgia

sport tourism

, 211, 215

visiting and revisiting

, 215–216

Oak View Group investment

, 221–222

Olympic Agenda 2020

, 218–219

Olympic events

, 67–68

Olympic Games (2020)

, 1–2, 44–45, 49, 195–196, 214

of Tokyo

, 45–47

UEFA European Championship 2020

, 47–49

Olympic Games Study Commission

, 214

Olympic movement

, 44–45

Olympic Tourism

, 215–216

Olympics

, 43, 55

Pandemics

, 41–42

Passion for club in tourism, importance of football and

, 34

Passion of football fans

, 33

Passive sport tourism

, 211, 217

Peer pressure (theme of SN)

, 88–89

Physical activity

, 229

frequency of physical activities in European Union

, 233–235

motives and barriers of EU citizens to exercise

, 241–242

Physical Comfort (PC)

, 85, 88, 90–91

Portuguese Football

brand love and brand attachment

, 27

evolution of football

, 32

feeling weight

, 28–29

football’s financial capacity

, 32–33

importance of football and passion for club in tourism

, 34

importance of football as tourist phenomenon

, 30–31

importance of football for society

, 31

importance of football for tourism and country’s economy

, 34–35

importance of football in big cities

, 32

importance of satisfaction and loyalty

, 29

importance of sport

, 29

main challenges

, 29–30

methodology

, 27–28

passion of football fans

, 33

results

, 28–35

results of focus group

, 30

sport tourism

, 24, 27, 31

theoretical background

, 24–27

tourism segmentation and niche tourism

, 24

tourist interest in football

, 33–34

visit to stadiums

, 34

Post-event legacy planning

, 217–219

Post-event venue reality

, 213–215

Presidential Commission on American Outdoors

, 101

Primary trails

, 99

Profiling trail runners

data analysis

, 143–144

100 Miles of Istria Ultra-Trail

, 141–142

methodology

, 142–144

questionnaire and data collection

, 142–143

research context

, 141–142

results

, 144–150

trail running

, 141

Province of Siena, The

, 160–161

soft mobility masterplan of

, 161

Publications

, 58

PubMed

, 9–11

Qualitative methodology

, 27–28

Quality tourism clientele, established destinations invest in sport venues to attract

, 221–223

Quantitative approach

, 6–7

Rally championships

, 69

Regional Government of Tuscany

, 161–162

Relaxation

, 177, 180, 183

Reliability analysis

, 191

Relief

, 177, 180, 183

Responsible rural tourism

, 97

Rugby league

, 1–2

Rural tourism

, 24

Scopus

, 5

Search string

, 56

Secondary trails

, 99

Self-administered questionnaire

, 142–143

Self-development

, 178, 186

Self-exploring (theme of educational experience)

, 86

Self-loops

, 118

Semi-structured interviews

, 28

Sentiment analysis techniques

, 117

Shopping

, 85

Short trips (theme of escapist)

, 87–88

Skiing

, 85

Social Needs (SN)

, 85, 88–89, 91

Social Network Analysis

, 116–117

Society, importance of football for

, 31

Soft adventure tourism

, 97–98

Soft tourism

, 97

Source co-citation network, analysis of

, 13

Spectacularization

, 212, 214–215

Sport activity

frequency of sport activities in European Union

, 233–235

motives and barriers of EU citizens to exercise

, 241–242

Sport management

, 13–14

Sport mega-events

, 114–115

Sport venues

, 211–213

established destinations invest in sport venues to attract quality tourism clientele

, 221–223

facing post-event venue reality and planning ‘new’ sport venue

, 213–215

identified factors for sport-venue related tourism destination making

, 217–223

method

, 217

nostalgia, visiting and revisiting

, 215–216

post-event legacy planning

, 217–219

prerequisite for sport venue tourism development

, 217–219

sport venues engage tourism and hospitality business forces to uplift attendance experience

, 219–220

theoretical considerations

, 213–216

Sport-for-Development Structure (S4D Structure)

, 9–11

Sport(ing) events

, 1–2, 43, 115, 139, 198, 200

impact of

, 114–116

communication

, 120–129

main information

, 117–118

methods

, 116–117

network structure

, 118–120

results

, 117–129

theoretical background

, 114–116

Sporting activities

, 203

Sports

, 1–2, 41, 69–70, 195, 229

Sports marketing

, 23

Sports research

country-wise publication

, 61

data retrieval and search string

, 56

descriptive statistics

, 57–63

findings

, 57–69

implications and scope for future research

, 69–70

knowledge cluster mapping

, 63–67

methodology

, 56–57

most influential articles

, 58–61

most preferred publications

, 58

most productive authors

, 61–63

research methods

, 56–57

research trends

, 57–58

Sports sponsorship

, 14–15

Sports tourism (ST)

, 1–2, 13–14, 16–17, 24, 27, 31, 41–42, 64, 66, 79, 97–98, 195, 197–198, 200, 215

case study

, 45–49

co-citation analysis network

, 12–15

experience

, 80–81

implications

, 16–17

literature review

, 2, 5, 42, 45

marathon as sport tourism event

, 203–204

number of publications trends over year

, 7–8

phenomenon

, 211

productive and influencing authors

, 8–11

productive countries

, 11–12

productive journals

, 8

research methodology

, 5–7

results

, 7–15

Stadiums

, 34

Stage (theme)

, 129

Standardized sweet spot

, 89–90

Strade di Siena project

, 162–164

Strategic alliances

, 219

Strategic approach

, 218–219

Supply chain management

, 69–70

Sustainability

, 95–96

co-citation analysis network

, 12–15

implications

, 16–17

literature review

, 2–5

most productive and influencing authors

, 8–11

most productive countries

, 11–12

most productive journals

, 8

number of publications trends over year

, 7–8

research methodology

, 5–7

results

, 7–15

Sustainable development

, 95–96

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 1, 204

Sustainable tourism

, 13–14

Sweet Road

, 161

Tappa (theme)

, 129

Technology

, 115–116

Terre di Siena Slow, The project

, 161–162

Thematic analysis

, 120–121

Tokyo, Olympic games of

, 45–47

Torino (theme)

, 129

Total citations (TC)

, 58

Total publications (TP)

, 58

Tottenham Hotspur Football Club

, 220

Tour operators (TO)

, 157–158

Tourism

, 17, 41, 95–96, 195, 229

development of city

, 48

hiking as alternative form of

, 97–99

importance of football and passion for club in

, 34

management

, 13–14

segmentation

, 24

sport venues engage tourism and hospitality business forces to uplift attendance experience

, 219–220

Tourism Department of the Municipality of Siena

, 163

Tourist interest in football

, 33–34

Tourist motivation factors

, 176–177, 180, 188

correlation analysis

, 191

correlation hypothesis testing

, 191

descriptive analysis

, 179–188

escape

, 177–178

findings

, 179–191

frequency analysis

, 179

health and beauty

, 177

literature review

, 176–178

methodology

, 179

relaxation and relief

, 177

reliability analysis

, 191

self-development

, 178

Tourist phenomenon, importance of football as

, 30–31

Tourist relationships, create business and

, 164

Trails

, 99, 105

running

, 141

Training approach

, 177

Travel management

, 13–14

Travelling

, 79

Treaty of Lisbon

, 230–231

Trekking

, 98–99, 107

Tuscany, cycle tourism in

, 160–163

UEFA European Championship (2020)

, 45, 47, 49

study of tourism destination of St. Petersburg

, 47–49

UNEP

, 99–100

Unique selling point (USP)

, 90–91

United Nations, The

, 1–2

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

, 175

UNWTO

, 99–100, 204

Urban landmark

, 213

Various restaurants (theme of PC)

, 88

Venue tourism development

, 216

Visitors

, 147

Volunteer program

, 202

VOS viewer

clustering technique

, 6–7

online

, 12

software

, 6–7, 12

Walking

, 98–99

Web of Science (WoS)

, 9, 11, 56

Wine-tasting tutorials in wine tourism

, 82

Winter landscape and appearance (theme of aesthetic)

, 86–87

Winter sports mega-event destination experience

aesthetic

, 86–87

educational

, 86

entertainment

, 85–86

escapist

, 87–88

experience economy model

, 81–83

literature review

, 80–83

methodology

, 83

PC

, 88

results

, 83–89

SN

, 88–89

sports tourism experience

, 80–81

World Tourism Organization

, 2, 41

World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)

, 99–100