Index
M. Rezaul Islam
(University of Dhaka, Bangladesh)
ISBN: 978-1-83549-165-2, eISBN: 978-1-83549-164-5
Publication date: 15 April 2024
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Islam, M.R. (2024), "Index", Family Planning and Sustainable Development in Bangladesh: Empowering Marginalized Communities in Asian Contexts (Diverse Perspectives on Creating a Fairer Society), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83549-164-520241014
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2024 M. Rezaul Islam
INDEX
Abortion rates
, 121
Access to contraception
, 25–26
Access to contraceptives
, 29
Access to education
, 12
lack of
, 17
Access to healthcare providers
, 98–99
Access to information
, 115
and education
, 29
and resources
, 104
Access to justice
, 77
Accessible information
, 28
Adaptation
, 114
Adolescents
, 26
health
, 27
Advocacy
, 76
for women’s rights
, 29
Affordability
, 25
Agency
, 73
Aging population
, 13
Agricultural productivity
, 21
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)
, 23
Antenatal care (ANC)
, 124
Arranged marriages
, 35
Asia, lessons from
, 197–198
Asian contexts, family planning programs in
, 37–42
Asian population
feature and trend of
, 12–14
increasing
, 14–17
Attitudes
, 104
addressing attitudinal barriers through targeted interventions
, 112–113
change
, 114
empowering marginalized communities through attitude transformation
, 113–116
marginalized communities in Bangladesh
, 106–112
toward family planning
, 104–106
Autonomy
, 73
Availability
, 25
Bangladesh
, 1, 4
demographic landscape of
, 17–20
family planning as catalyst for empowerment among marginalized communities
, 80–84
family planning efforts in
, 42–43
lessons from
, 196–197
significance of marginalized communities in
, 5
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)
, 17
Behavior Change Communication (BCC)
, 99, 122
Behavior modeling
, 115
Beliefs
, 89
Birth spacing
, 27
Buddhism
, 57–59
Capacity building
, 74, 77
Case studies
, 54–66
Child health
, 120
Child mortality
, 27
Child survival
, 11–12
Child vaccination
, 27
Childbirth
, 26
Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT)
, 69
Climate resilience
, 205–206
Collective action
, 74
Communication skills
, 28
Communication strategies
, 2
empowering marginalized communities through effective communication
, 150–152
marginalized communities in Bangladesh
, 142–144
mass media as tool for disseminating information
, 140–142
in reproductive health
, 137–140
significance
, 139–140
use of IEC and SBCC
, 144–150
Community development
, 73
Community elders
, 34–35
Community engagement
, 112
Community Health Workers (CHWs)
, 187
Community leaders
, 100
Community mobilization
, 77
Community sensitization workshops
, 113–114
Community theater and arts
, 115
Community-based education programs
, 86, 97–98
Community-based organizations (CBOs)
, 96
Community-led Initiatives
, 114
Comparative analysis
challenges and opportunities for marginalized communities
, 178–179
cross-Asian comparison
, 175–191
cross-country collaboration
, 189–190
cultural sensitivity
, 187–189
economic disparities
, 183–184
government commitment
, 179–180
healthcare delivery models
, 186–187
migration and mobility
, 182–183
policy and programmatic implications
, 190–191
regional variations in family planning practices
, 176–177
religious influences on family planning
, 177–178
religious minority communities
, 185–186
urban vs. rural dynamics
, 180–181
Comparative insights
family planning programs in South Asia
, 45–54
law factors impacting family planning in Asia
, 60–63
religious factors impacting family planning in Asia
, 54–60
sociocultural factors impacting family planning in Asia
, 63–66
Comprehensive sexual education
, 28
Confidentiality
, 26, 28
Continuous feedback
, 114
Contraception
, 23
Contraceptive education
, 27
Contraceptive method
, 93
Contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR)
, 19, 121
Counseling in family planning initiatives
, 27–28
Critical consciousness
, 73–74
Cross-country collaboration
, 189–190
Cultural acceptability
, 26
Cultural beliefs
, 104
Cultural competency training
, 112
Cultural factors
, 4, 28
influencing family planning
, 30–37
Cultural festivals
, 116
Cultural gender dynamics
, 33
Cultural norms
, 16
Cultural practices
, 35–36
Cultural sensitivity
, 74, 77, 99, 187–189
Culturally tailored messaging
, 96–97
Data and research
, 202–203
Decision-making
, 100–101
involvement in
, 29
Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)
, 122
Demographic shifts in Asian countries
, 12
feature and trend of Asian population
, 12–14
increasing Asian population
, 14–17
Demographic transition
, 11
Directorate General of Family Planning (DGFP)
, 42
Dowry systems
, 35
Economic development
, 12
Economic disparities
, 183–184
Economic empowerment
, 29, 76, 115
Economic growth
, 13, 16
and development
, 21
Economic stability
, 76
Education
, 13, 16, 21, 76
in family planning initiatives
, 27–28
Employment generation
, 21
Empowering strategies for marginalized communities
, 75
Empowerment
, 2–3, 151
paradigm
, 72–75
Environmental challenges
, 13
Environmental sustainability
, 21, 77
Family planning
, 1–2, 4, 12–13, 16, 23, 27, 103, 153, 175
attitudes toward
, 104–106
background and importance
, 37–38
as catalyst for empowerment among marginalized communities
, 80–84
as catalyst for sustainable development
, 194
counseling
, 28
criticisms
, 36–37
cultural factors influencing family planning
, 30–37
efforts in Bangladesh
, 42–43
empowering marginalized communities through practice enhancement
, 135–136
initiatives
, 23–29
key components
, 38–39
knowledge among marginalized communities
, 87–88
lack of family planning resources
, 16
marginalized communities in Bangladesh
, 121–133
and population control policies
, 39–42
practices
, 117–120
programs
, 25
programs in Asian contexts
, 37–42
programs in South Asia
, 45–54
and reproductive health
, 120–121
tailoring family planning programs for effective practice adoption
, 133–135
Family Planning Association of Hong Kong
, 40
Family size
, 35–36
Feedback
and evaluation
, 100
mechanisms
, 113
Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs)
, 50
Fertility rates
, 11, 20
in Asia
, 14
Fertility regulation
, 26
Gender composition
, 19
Gender dynamics
, 33–34
Gender equality
, 76
in family planning initiatives
, 28–29
Gender equity
, 29, 120
Gender roles
, 105
Gender sensitivity
, 113
Gender-based violence
, 29
Gender-inclusive approaches
, 97
Geographical isolation
, 3, 5
Geography
, 103
Global approaches
, 161–163
Global partnerships
, 79
Government commitment
, 179–180
Government initiatives
, 20
Health, Population, and Nutrition Sector Development Program (HPNSDP)
, 62, 78
Health education
, 27
Healthcare
, 13, 16, 121
access
, 76
delivery models
, 186–187
services
, 21
Herbal contraceptives
, 24
High birth rates
, 16
Hinduism
, 55–56, 58–59
Holistic approaches
, 199–200
Housing
, 21
Human rights perspective
, 74
Immunization
, 27
Inclusion
, 74
Inclusive decision-making
, 114
Inclusive healthcare services
, 115
Inclusivity
, 2–3, 201–202
Income inequality
, 21
India’s National Family Planning Program
, 39
Information, Education, and Communication (IEC)
, 43, 127, 140–142
Information, Education, and Motivation (IEM)
, 43
Information dissemination
, 114
Informed decision-making
, 28
Intergenerational dialogue
, 115
Internal migration
, 20
Intersectionality
, 74
Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
, 25, 63, 92, 122
Islam
, 55–58
Islamic teachings
, 62
Knowledge
, 85
empowering marginalized communities through knowledge enhancement
, 101–102
family planning
, 85–90
gaps
, 96–101
unveiling knowledge levels
, 90–96
Lady Health Worker program
, 48
Law factors impacting family planning in Asia
, 60–63
Legal and policy support
, 100
Legal support
, 76
Life expectancy
, 20
Literacy
, 21
Local champions
, 115
Low mortality rates
, 16
Marginalized communities
, 1–2, 67–69, 86, 103
in Bangladesh
, 5, 69
challenges and opportunities for
, 178–179
coastal communities
, 71
empowering
, 195–196
empowering strategies for marginalized communities
, 75–80
empowerment paradigm
, 72–75
Haor people
, 70
hilly people
, 69–70
holistic approach
, 5–6
imperative of empowerment and inclusivity
, 2–3
interplay of family planning and sustainable development
, 4
riverine communities
, 71–72
slum dwellers
, 70
tea garden workers
, 70–71
unveiling
, 3–4
Mass communication
, 137
Mass media
, 137–138
campaigns
, 86
as tool for disseminating information
, 140–142
Maternal and child health
, 26–27
Maternal and Child Welfare Centers (MCWC)
, 42
Maternal health
, 120
Maternal mortality
, 27
Media and information access
, 77
Media campaigns
, 114
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act (MTPA)
, 60
Medicine, advances in
, 16
Menstruation regulations (MRs)
, 149
Mental and emotional well-being
, 121
Middle class
, 13, 16
Migration
, 13, 16, 20, 182–183
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW)
, 41
Misconceptions
, 99–100
Mobility
, 182–183
Myths
, 99–100
myth-busting campaigns
, 112
National Education Policy (NEP)
, 78
National Family Planning Program
, 90
National Health Mission (NHM)
, 60
National plans, policies, and programs
, 78–79
National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN)
, 61
National Population Policy
, 41, 62
National Social Security Strategy (NSSS)
, 78
Natural family planning
, 23
Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs)
, 157
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
, 25, 80, 95, 127, 144, 172, 186–187, 203
Nutrition
, 27
One-child policy
, 59, 61, 63
Participation
, 74
Partnerships
, 203–204
Peer educators
, 100, 113
Peer influence and role models
, 114
Policy advocacy
, 115
Political participation
, 77, 83
Political stability
, 16
Population
, 7
control policies
, 39–42
demographic landscape of Bangladesh
, 17–20
demographic shifts in Asian countries
, 12–17
density
, 20
global population trends and challenges
, 7–12
growth
, 13–14, 20
lack of population policies
, 17
momentum
, 8
size and growth
, 19
socioeconomic impacts of population growth
, 20–22
Post-abortion care (PAC)
, 149
Postnatal care (PNC)
, 26, 125
Poverty
, 103
Practice enhancement
, 135–136
Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act (PCPNDT Act)
, 60
Pre-marital counseling
, 113
Pregnancies
, 26
Prenatal care
, 26
Prevention of unintended pregnancies
, 120
Privacy
, 26, 28
Quality education
, 76
Quality of services
, 25
Rappaport
, 73
Recommendations
, 168–173
Regional variations in family planning practices
, 176–177
Religious beliefs
, 30–31, 54, 104–105
Religious engagement
, 112, 114
Religious factors impacting family planning in Asia
, 54–60
Religious influences on family planning
, 177–178
Religious minority communities
, 185–186
Reproductive autonomy
, 29
Reproductive health
, 86, 120–121
communication strategies in
, 137–140
education
, 27
services
, 27, 29
“Saathi Sanga Manka Kura” youth-friendly program
, 50
School-based initiatives
, 86
Sensitization
, 112
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
, 126
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
, 23, 38, 68, 121, 138, 162
preventing spread
, 121
“Shasthya Kormi”
, 47
Skill development
, 76
Slum dwellers
, 70
Social and Behavior Change Communication (SBCC)
, 43, 127, 140–142
Social exclusion
, 103
Social factors
, 28
Social safety nets
, 77
Social services and infrastructure
, 21
Societal norms
, 31–32
Sociocultural factors impacting family planning in Asia
, 63–66
Socioeconomic impacts of population growth
, 20–22
Socioeconomic status
, 105
Sociological analysis
, 14
South Asia
Afghanistan
, 51–52
Bangladesh
, 47–48
family planning programs in
, 45–54
India
, 46–47
Nepal and Sri Lanka
, 50–51
Pakistan
, 48–49
profound impact of sociocultural factors
, 52–53
strengthening
, 53–54
Sreemangal Upazila in Sylhet
, 144
Sterilization
, 23
Stigma
, 32–33, 115
Strategies
, 75
Sustainability through family planning and development programs
, 153–156
Sustainable development
, 1–2, 4
family planning as catalyst for
, 194
lessons from global approaches to family planning and
, 161–163
Sustainable engagement
, 115
Taboos
, 32–33
Tailored messaging
, 114–115
Technology
, 99
Total fertility rate (TFR)
, 8, 17
Traditional healers
, 34–35
Transformative change
, 74
Two-child policy
, 59, 61, 63
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
, 23, 203
United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs)
, 3–5, 8, 67, 105, 155, 175, 194
linking family planning and targets and indicators of
, 156–161
for marginalized communities in Bangladesh
, 79–80
recommendations
, 168–173
SDG 3
, 157
SDG 4
, 158
SDG 5
, 158–159
SDG 8
, 159–160
SDG 13
, 160–161
significant challenges
, 163–168
Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
, 157
Unmet needs
, 26
Upazila Health & Family Welfare Centers (UH&FWCs)
, 42
Urban vs. rural dynamics
, 180–181
Urbanization
, 9, 12–13, 16, 19, 21
Visual aids
, 100
Withdrawal
, 24
Women’s empowerment
, 21
in family planning initiatives
, 28–29
World Health Organization (WHO)
, 23, 86, 187, 203
Worldmeters
, 17
Youth
, 26
empowerment
, 29
engagement
, 113, 204–205
health
, 27
youth-friendly information
, 98
youth-friendly services
, 28
Youthful population
, 19
- Prelims
- Chapter 1: Introduction: Empowering Marginalized Communities through Family Planning and Sustainable Development
- Chapter 2: Understanding Population Dynamics
- Chapter 3: Exploring Family Planning Strategies
- Chapter 4: Comparative Insights: Family Planning Approaches in Different Asian Regions
- Chapter 5: Empowering Marginalized Communities: A Bangladesh Perspective
- Chapter 6: Knowledge About Family Planning Among Marginalized Communities in Bangladesh
- Chapter 7: Attitudes Toward Family Planning Among Marginalized Communities in Bangladesh
- Chapter 8: Practices of Family Planning Methods and Commodities Among Marginalized Communities
- Chapter 9: Communication Strategies for Empowering Marginalized Communities
- Chapter 10: Family Planning and Sustainable Development Goals
- Chapter 11: Comparative Analysis: Insights from Asian Contexts
- Chapter 12: Conclusions and Future Directions Toward Family Planning, Empowering Marginalized Communities and Sustainable Development
- References
- Index