References

Aallas, 2011 Aallas, E. (2011, August 4). Julkinen sana: Tietokoneetta omasta tahdostaan. YLE Radio, 1.

Abad Alcalá , 2014 Abad Alcalá, L. (2014). Media literacy for older people facing the digital divide: The e-inclusion programmes design. Comunicar: Media Education Research Journal, 21(42), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.3916/C42-2014-17

Abad Alcalá , 2019 Abad Alcalá, L. (2019). Media literacy among the elderly. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of media literacy (Vol. 1, pp. 763–768). Wiley Blackwell.

Abric, 2001 Abric, J.-C. (2001). A structural approach to social representations. In K. Deaux & G. Philogène (Eds.), Representations of the social. Bridging theoretical traditions (pp. 42–47). Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Ahmadinia and Eriksson-Backa, 2020 Ahmadinia, H. , & Eriksson-Backa, K. (2020). E-health services and devices: Availability, merits, and barriers—with some examples from Finland. Finnish Journal of eHealth and eWelfare, 12(1), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.23996/fjhw.64157

Aim et al., 2018 Aim, M.-A. , Thibaut, D. , Bovina, I. , & Dany, L. (2018). Health and social representations: A structural approach. Papers on Social Representations, 27(1), 3.1–3.21.

Airola and Rasi, 2020 Airola, E. , & Rasi, P. (2020). Domestication of a robotic medication-dispensing service among older people in Finnish Lapland. Human Technology, 16(2), 117–138. https://doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.202008245639

Álvarez Berm ú dez and Ju á rez-Romero, 2019 Álvarez Bermúdez, J. , & Juárez-Romero, J. (2019). Identities, memory and the construction of citizenship. Papers on Social Representations, 28(2), 1.1–1.6.

Alvermann and Sanders, 2019 Alvermann, D. E. , & Sanders, R. K. (2019). Adolescent literacy in a digital world. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of media literacy (Vol. 1, pp. 19–24). Wiley Blackwell.

Anderson and Perrin, 2017 Anderson, M. , & Perrin, A. (2017). Tech adoption climbs among older adults. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewinternet.org/2017/05/17/tech-adoption-climbs-among-older-adults/

Anderson et al., 2016 Anderson, L. , Spanjol, J. , Jefferies, J. G. , Ostrom, A. L. , Nations Baker, C. , Bone, S. A. , Downey, H. , Mende, M. , & Rapp, J. M. (2016). Responsibility and well-being: Resource integration under responsibilization in expert services. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 35(2), 262–279. https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.15.140

Andrew, 2012 Andrew, P. (2012). The social construction of age: Adult foreign language learners . Multilingual Matters .

Arjen tietoyhteiskunnan neuvottelukunta, 2010 Arjen tietoyhteiskunnan neuvottelukunta . (2010). Tuottava ja uudistuva Suomi. Digitaalinen agenda vuosille 2011–2020. Liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö. http://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/handle/10024/78142

Aroldi and Colombo, 2013 Aroldi, P. , & Colombo, F. (2013). Questioning ‘digital global generations’. A critical approach. Northern Lights: Film & Media Studies Yearbook, 11(1), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.1386/nl.11.1.175_1

Arruda, 2015 Arruda, A. (2015). Image, social imaginary and social representations. In G. Sammut , E. Andreouli , G. Gaskell , & J. Valsiner (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of social representations (pp. 128–142). Cambridge University Press.

Ashley, 2019 Ashley, S. (2019). News literacies. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of media literacy (Vol. 2, pp. 1150–1160). Wiley Blackwell.

Asmar et al., 2022 Asmar, A. , Mariën, I. , & Van Audenhove, L. (2022). No one-size-fits-all! Eight profiles of digital inequalities for customized inclusion strategies. New Media & Society, 24(2), 279–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211063182

Aufderheide, 1993 Aufderheide, P. (Ed.). (1993). Media literacy: A report of the national leadership conference on media literacy. Aspen Institute. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED365294.pdf

Augoustinos et al., 2014 Augoustinos, M. , Walker, I. , & Donaghue, N. (2014). Social cognition. An integrated introduction (3rd ed.). Sage Publications Ltd.

Avcı and Erhan, 2022 Avcı, C. , & Erhan, G. (2022). Ageing versus active aging: How old age is represented in children's books. Educational Gerontology, 48(4), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2021.2024399

Bä ckstr ö m et al., 2003 Bäckström, A. , Pirttilä-Backman, A.-M. , & Tuorila, H. (2003). Dimensions of novelty: A social representation approach to new foods. Appetite, 40(3), 299–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6663(03)00005-9

Bai, 2014 Bai, X. (2014). Images of ageing in society: A literature review. Journal of Population Ageing, 7, 231–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-014-9103-x

Bakardjieva, 2005 Bakardjieva, M. (2005). Internet society: The internet in everyday life. Sage.

Bakardjieva, 2008 Bakardjieva, M. (2008). Making sense of broadband in Rural Alberta, Canada. Observatorio, 2(1), 33–53.

Bakardjieva, 2012 Bakardjieva, M. (2012). Mundane citizenship: New media and civil society in Bulgaria. Europe-Asia Studies, 64(8), 1356–1374. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2012.712247

Bakardjieva, 2017 Bakardjieva, M. (2017). Post-socialist and pre-digital: Bulgarian seniors at the margins of citizenship. In Presentation given at the symposium Senior citizens domesticating ICTs, Lund University, Sweden, April 27–28, 2017.

Baker et al., 2017 Baker, S. , Warburton, J. , Hodgkin, S. , & Pascal, J. (2017). The supportive network: Rural disadvantaged older people and ICT. Ageing and Society, 37(6), 1291–1309. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X16000350

Bandyopadhyay and Singh, 2022 Bandyopadhyay, S. , & Singh, K. (2022). The portrayal of older Indians on YouTube. Educational Gerontology. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2022.2052494

Bardarol et al., 2021 Bardarol, G. , Antonini, A. , & Motta, E. (2021). Robots for elderly care in the home: A landscape analysis and co-design toolkit. International Journal of Social Robotics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-021-00816-3

Barnard et al., 2013 Barnard, Y. , Bradley, M. D. , Hodgson, F. , & Lloyd, A. D. (2013). Learning to use new technologies by older adults: Perceived difficulties, experimentation behavior and usability. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1715–1724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.006

Barrett et al., 2014 Barrett, A. E. , Raphael, A. , & Gunderson, J. (2014). Reflections of old age, constructions of aging selves: Drawing links between media images and views of aging. In C. L. Harrington , D. B. Bielby , & A. R. Bardo (Eds.), Aging, media, and culture (pp. 39–50). Lexington Books.

Barthes, 1977 Barthes, R. (1977). Image music text (S. Heath, Trans.). Fontana Press.

Bashir, 2018 Bashir, N. (2018). Doing research in peoples' homes: Fieldwork, ethics and safety–on the practical challenges of researching and representing life on the margins. Qualitative Research, 18(6), 638–653. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794117731808

Bauer, 1997a Bauer, M. (Ed.). (1997a). Resistance to new technology. Nuclear power, information technology and biotechnology. Cambridge University Press.

Bauer, 1997b Bauer, M. (1997b). Resistance to new technology and its effects on nuclear power, information technology and biotechnology. In M. Bauer (Ed.), Resistance to new technology. Nuclear power, information technology and biotechnology (pp. 1–41). Cambridge University Press.

Bauer, 2015 Bauer, M. (2015). On (social) representations and the iconoclastic impetus. In G. Sammut , E. Andreouli , G. Gaskell , & J. Valsiner (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of social representations (pp. 43–63). Cambridge University Press.

Bauer and Gaskell, 1999 Bauer, M. , & Gaskell, G. (1999). Towards a paradigm for research on social representations. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 29(2), 164–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00096

Begum, 2019 Begum, S. (2019). Ageing and gender in the Nordic Arctic. Doctoral dissertation, University of Lapland, Lauda. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-337-104-0

Bergströ m, 2017 Bergström, A. (2017). Digital equality and the uptake of digital applications among seniors of different age. Nordicom Review, 38(1), 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0398

Berker et al., 2006 Berker, T. , Hartmann, M. , Punie, Y. , & Ward, K. (2006). Introduction. In T. Berker , M. Hartmann , Y. Punie , & K. Ward (Eds.), Domestication of media and technology (pp. 1–16). Open University Press.

Bhargava, 2019 Bhargava, R. (2019). Data literacy. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of media literacy (Vol. 1, pp. 303–307). Wiley Blackwell.

Blazun, 2013 Blazun, H. (2013). Elderly people's quality of life with information and communication technology (ICT): Toward a model of adaptation to ICT in old age. Doctoral dissertation, University of Eastern Finland. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-61-1164-3

Blok et al., 2020 Blok, M. , Ingen, E. , de Boer, A. H. , & Slootman, M. (2020). The use of information and communication technologies by older people with cognitive impairments: From barriers to benefits. Computers in Human Behavior, 104(March 2020), 106173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106173

Bond and Rodriguez Cabrero, 2007 Bond, J. , & Rodriguez Cabrero, G. (2007). Health and dependency in later life. In J. Bond , S. Peace , F. Dittmann-Kohli , & G. Westerhof (Eds.), Ageing in society. European perspectives on gerontology (3rd ed., pp. 112–141). Sage Publications.

Bonevski et al., 2014 Bonevski, B. , Randell, M. , Paul, C. , Chapman, K. , Twyman, L. , Bryant, J. , Brozek, I. , & Hughes, C. (2014). Reaching the hard-to-reach: A systematic review of strategies for improving health and medical research with socially disadvantaged groups. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 14(42). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-14-42

Boraita et al., 2020 Boraita, F. , Julie, H. , & Collard, A.-S. (2020). Developing a critical robot literacy for young people from conceptual metaphors analysis. In 2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) (pp. 1–7). https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE44824.2020.9273959

Bos et al., 2005 Bos, J. , Park, D. W. , & Pietikäinen, P. (2005). Strategic self-marginalization: The case of psychoanalysis. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 41(3), 207–224. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.20101

Brashier and Schacter, 2020 Brashier, N. M. , & Schacter, D. L. (2020). Aging in an era of fake news. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29(3), 316–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721420915872

Bü chi et al., 2016 Büchi, M. , Just, N. , & Latzer, M. (2016). Modeling the second-level digital divide: A five-country study of social differences in internet use. New Media & Society, 18(11), 2703–2722. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815604154

Buckingham, 1994 Buckingham, D. (1994). Children talking television. Falmer Press.

Buckingham, 2003 Buckingham, D. (2003). Media education: Literacy, learning and contemporary culture. Polity.

Buckingham and Burn, 2007 Buckingham, D. , & Burn, A. (2007). Game literacy in theory and practice. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 16(3), 323–349.

Burholt and Dobbs, 2012 Burholt, V. , & Dobbs, C. (2012). Research on rural ageing: Where have we got to and where are we going in Europe? Journal of Rural Studies, 28(4), 432–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2012.01.009

Capozza et al., 2003 Capozza, D. , Falvo, R. , Egidio, R. , & Orlando, A. (2003). Beliefs about the internet: Methods of elicitation and measurement. Papers on Social Representations, 12, 1.1–1.14.

Carenzio et al., 2021 Carenzio, A. , Ferrari, S. , & Rasi, P. (2021). Older people's media repertoires, digital competences and media literacies: A case study from Italy. Education Sciences, 11, 584. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/11/10/584

Carretero et al., 2017 Carretero, S. , Vuorikari, R. , & Punie, Y. (2017). DigComp 2.1. The digital competence framework for citizens with eight proficiency levels and examples of use. Publications Office of the European Union. https://bit.ly/3rsJV6B

Castro Rojas et al., 2018 Castro Rojas, M. D. , Bygholm, A. , & Hansen, T. G. B. (2018). Exercising older people's brains in Costa Rica: Design principles for using information and communication technologies for cognitive activity and social interaction. Educational Gerontology, 4(2–3), 171–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2018.1433485

Chamberlain and Hodgetts, 2008 Chamberlain, K. , & Hodgetts, D. (2008). Social psychology and media: Critical considerations. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(3), 1109–1125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00102.x

Chandler and Munday, 2011 Chandler, D. , & Munday, R. (2011). Oxford dictionary of media and communication (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.

Chen and Chan, 2011 Chen, K. , & Chan, A. H. S. (2011). A review of technology acceptance by older adults. Gerontechnology, 10(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4017/gt.2011.10.01.006.00

Chen and Schulz, 2016 Chen, Y. R. , & Schulz, P. J. (2016). The effect of information communication technology interventions on reducing social isolation in the elderly: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(1), e18. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4596

Cho et al., 2022 Cho, H. , Cannon, J. , Lopez, R. , & Li, W. (2022). Social media literacy: A conceptual framework. New Media & Society, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211068530

Coco et al., 2018 Coco, K. , Kangasniemi, M. , & Rantanen, T. (2018). Care personnel's attitudes and fears toward care robots in elderly care: A comparison of data from the care personnel in Finland and Japan. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 50(6), 634–644. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12435

Colombo et al., 2018 Colombo, F. , Aroldi, P. , & Carlo, S. (2018). ‘I use it correctly!’: The use of ICTs among Italian grandmothers in a generational perspective. Human Technology, 14(3), 343–365. https://doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.201811224837

Contarello and Sarrica, 2007 Contarello, A. , & Sarrica, M. (2007). ICTs, social thinking and subjective well-being–the internet and its representations in everyday life. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(2), 1016–1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2005.08.013

Cooney and Curl, 2019 Cooney, T. M. , & Curl, A. L. (2019). Transitioning from successful aging: A life course approach. Journal of Aging and Health, 31(3), 528–551. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264317737892

Corbin and Strauss, 2008 Corbin, J. , & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research. Sage.

Corné r, 2020 Cornér, T. (2020). Viisauden piirteiden ilmentymät ikääntyneiden tietotyöläisten mediasuhteissa. Gerontologia, 34(3), 192–214. https://doi.org/10.23989/gerontologia.87315

Cresci et al., 2010 Cresci, M. K. , Yarandi, H. N. , & Morrell, R. W. (2010). Pro-nets versus no-nets: Differences in urban older adults' predilections for internet use. Educational Gerontology, 36(6), 500–520. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270903212476

Dahlberg, 2021 Dahlberg, L. (2021). Loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aging & Mental Health, 25(7), 1161–1164. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13607863.2021.1875195

Dal Cin et al., 2021 Dal Cin, S. , Mustafaj, M. , & Nielsen, K. (2021). Patterns of media use and leisure time among older adults. New Media & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211062393

Damodaran et al., 2014 Damodaran, L. , Olphert, C. W. , & Sandhu, J. (2014). Falling off the bandwagon? Exploring the challenges to sustained digital engagement by older people. Gerontology, 60(2), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1159/000357431

Dannefer and Settersten, 2010 Dannefer, D. , & Settersten, R. A., Jr. (2010). The study of the life course: Implications for social gerontology. In D. Dannefer & C. Phillipson (Eds.), The Sage handbook of social gerontology (pp. 4–19). Sage Publications Ltd.

D’ cruz and Banerjee, 2020 D'cruz, M. , & Banerjee, D. (2020). ‘An invisible human rights crisis’: The marginalization of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic—An advocacy review. Psychiatry Research, 292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113369

De Schutter et al., 2015 De Schutter, B. , Brown, J. A. , & Nap, H. H. (2015). Digital games in the lives of older adults. In D. Prendergast & C. Garattini (Eds.), Aging and the digital life course (pp. 237–256). Berghahn Books.

De Schutter et al., 2015 De Schutter, B. , Brown, J. A. , & Vanden Abeele, V. (2015). The domestication of digital games in the lives of older adults. New Media & Society, 17(7), 1170–1186. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814522945

Dennis and Kahn, 2020 Dennis, M. A. , & Kahn, R. (2020). Internet. Computer network. In Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/Internet

Denzin and Lincoln, 2008 Denzin, N. K. , & Lincoln, Y. S. (2008). Introduction: The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The landscape of qualitative research (pp. 1–43). Sage Publications, Inc.

Digi arkeen -neuvottelukunta, 2019 Digi arkeen -neuvottelukunta . (2019). Digitaalinen Suomi—yhdenvertainen kaikille. Digi arkeen -neuvottelukunnan toimintakertomus [Digital Finland–Equal to all. Report of the Digi Arkeen Advisory Board]. Publications of the Ministry of Finance (p. 23). http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-367-004-4

Dijkstra and Poelman, 2018 Dijkstra, L. , & Poelman, H. (2018). Archive: Regional typologies overview. Eurostat. https://bit.ly/3m2DxlB

DiMaggio and Hargittai, 2001 DiMaggio, P. , & Hargittai, E. (2001). From the ‘digital divide’ to ‘digital inequality’: Studying internet use as penetration increases. Working Paper Series Number 15. Princeton University Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies.

Dittmann-Kohli and Jopp, 2007 Dittmann-Kohli, F. , & Jopp, D. (2007). Self and life management: Wholesome knowledge for the third age. In J. Bond , S. Peace , F. Dittmann-Kohli , & G. Westerhof (Eds.), Ageing in society. European perspectives on gerontology (3rd ed., pp. 268–295). Sage Publications.

Dogruel et al., 2021 Dogruel, L. , Masur, P. , & Joeckel, S. (2021). Development and validation of an algorithm literacy scale for internet users. Communication Methods and Measures. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2021.1968361

Dudley-Marling, 2012 Dudley-Marling, C. (2012). Social construction of learning. In N. M. Seel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the sciences of learning. Springer.

Duque et al., 2019 Duque, E. , Fonseca, G. , Vieira, H. , Gontijo, G. , & Ishitani, L. (2019). A systematic literature review on user centered design and participatory design with older people. In Proceedings of the 18th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (IHC'19) (pp. 1–11), Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3357155.3358471

Dutton et al., 2013 Dutton, W. H. , Blank, C. , & Groselj, D. (2013). Cultures of the internet: The internet in Britain. Oxford Internet survey 2013 report. Oxford Internet Institute; University of Oxford.

Edmonson and Scharf, 2015 Edmonson, R. , & Scharf, T. (2015). Rural and urban ageing: Contributions of cultural gerontology. In J. Twigg & W. Martin (Eds.), Routledge handbook of cultural gerontology (pp. 412–419). Routledge International Handbooks.

Eicher and Bangerter, 2015 Eicher, V. , & Bangerter, A. (2015). Social representations of infectious diseases. In G. Sammut , E. Andreouli , G. Gaskell , & J. Valsiner (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of social representations (pp. 385–396). Cambridge University Press.

Emirbayer and Mische, 1998 Emirbayer, M. , & Mische, A. (1998). What is agency? American Journal of Sociology, 103(4), 962–1023.

Eronen et al., 2019 Eronen, J. , Paakkari, L. , Portegijs, E. , Saajanaho, M. , & Rantanen, T. (2019). Assessment of health literacy among older Finns. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(4), 549–556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-1104-9

Euroopan unionin neuvosto, 2018 Euroopan unionin neuvosto . (2018). Neuvoston suositus elinikäisen oppimisen avaintaidoista. Euroopan unionin virallinen lehti, C 189/01. https://bit.ly/3focv72

European Audiovisual Observatory, 2016 European Audiovisual Observatory . (2016). Mapping of media literacy practices and actions. European Audiovisual Observatory. https://rm.coe.int/media-literacy-mapping-report-en-final-pdf/1680783500

European Commission, 2010 European Commission . (2010). A digital agenda for Europe. COM(2010)245 final. https://bit.ly/3dcwkeQ

European Commission, 2015 European Commission . (2015). Digital skills indicator–derived from Eurostat survey on ICT usage by individuals. Methodological Note. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/new-comprehensive-digital-skills-indicator

European Commission, 2019 European Commission . (2019). Digital economy and society index (DESI) 2019. Human Capital. Digital Inclusion and Skills. https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/human-capital-and-digital-skills

European Commission, 2020 European Commission . (2020). Digital economy and society index (DESI) 2020. Use of Internet Services by Citizens. https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/use-internet-and-online-activities

European Commission, 2021a European Commission . (2021a). Digital economy and society index (DESI) 2021. Digital Public Services. https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/digital-public-services

European Commission, 2021b European Commission . (2021b). Digital economy and society index (DESI) 2021. Human Capital. https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/human-capital-and-digital-skills

European Commission, 2021c European Commission . (2021c). Digital economy and society index (DESI) 2021: Finland. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/desi-finland

Evangelinos and Holley, 2014 Evangelinos, G. , & Holley, D. (2014). A qualitative exploration of the EU digital competence (DIGCOMP) framework: A case study within healthcare education. In G. Vincenti , A. Bucciero , & C. Vaz de Carvalho (Eds.), E-learning, e-education, and online training. eLEOT 2014. Lecture notes of the institute for computer sciences, social informatics and telecommunications engineering (Vol. 138). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13293-8_11

Ferná ndez-Ard è vol, 2020 Fernández-Ardèvol, M. (2020). Older people go mobile. In R. Ling , L. Fortunati , G. Goggin , S. S. Lim , & Y. Li (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of mobile communication and society (pp. 187–199). Oxford University Press.

Ferná ndez-Ard è vol et al., 2020 Fernández-Ardèvol, M. , Belotti, F. , Ieracitano, F. , Mulargia, S. , Rosales, A. , & Comunello, F. (2020). “I do it my way”: Idioms of practice and digital media ideologies of adolescents and older adults. New Media & Society, 24(1), 31–49. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444820959298

Ferná ndez-Ard è vol et al., 2017 Fernández-Ardèvol, M. , Sawchuk, K. , & Grenier, L. (2017). Maintaining connections. Octo-and nonagenarians on digital ‘use and non-use’. Nordicom Review, 38(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0396

Ferrari, 2013 Ferrari, A. (2013). DIGCOMP: A framework for developing and understanding digital competence in Europe. European Commission, Joint Research Centre–Institute for Prospective Technological Studies. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2788/52966

Finnish Government, 2019 Finnish Government . (2019). Programme of Prime Minister Sanna Marin's Government 10 December 2019. Inclusive and competent Finland–a socially, economically and ecologically sustainable society (p. 33). Publications of the Finnish Government. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-287-811-3

Finnish National Audiovisual Institute KAVI, n.d. Finnish National Audiovisual Institute KAVI . (n.d.). Finnish media education. Promoting media and information literacy in Finland. https://kavi.fi/sites/default/files/documents/mil_in_finland.pdf

Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK, 2019 Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK . (2019). The ethical principles of research with human participants and ethical review in the human sciences in Finland Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK guidelines 2019. Publications of the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK 3/2019. https://bit.ly/3rrqF9G

Flick, 1994 Flick, U. (1994). Social representations and the social construction of everyday knowledge: Theoretical and methodological queries. Social Science Information, 33(2), 179–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901894033002003

Flick et al., 2020 Flick, C. , Zamani, E. D. , Stahl, B. C. , & Brem, A. (2020, June). The future of ICT for health and ageing: Unveiling ethical and social issues through horizon scanning foresight. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 155, 119995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119995

Forsman, 2018 Forsman, M. (2018). Digital competence and the future media citizen. A preliminary conceptual analysis. The Journal of Media Literacy, 65(1&2), 24–29.

Friemel, 2016 Friemel, T. N. (2016). The digital divide has grown old: Determinants of a digital divide among seniors. New Media & Society, 18(2), 313–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814538648

Gallistl et al., 2021 Gallistl, V. , Rohner, R. , Hengl, L. , & Kolland, F. (2021). Doing digital exclusion–technology practices of older internet non-users. Journal of Aging Studies, 59(December), 100973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2021.100973

Garattini and Prendergast, 2015 Garattini, C. , & Prendergast, D. (2015). Introduction: Critical reflections on ageing and technology in the twenty-first century. In D. Prendergast & C. Garattini (Eds.), Aging and the digital life course (pp. 1–15). Berghahn Books.

Garç on et al., 2016 Garçon, L. , Khasnabis, C. , Walker, L. , Nakatani, Y. , Lapitan, J. , Borg, J. , Ross, A. , & Berumen, A. V. (2016). Medical and assistive health technology: Meeting the needs of aging population. The Gerontologist, 56(S2), S293–S302. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw005

Gergen, 1985 Gergen, K. J. (1985). The social constructionist movement in modern psychology. American Psychologist, 40(3), 266–275. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.40.3.266

Gergen, 2003 Gergen, K. J. (2003). Knowledge as socially constructed. In M. M. Gergen & K. J. Gergen (Eds.), Social construction. A reader (pp. 15–17). Sage Publications Ltd.

Gergen, 2009 Gergen, K. J. (2009). An invitation to social construction (2nd ed.). Sage Publications Ltd.

Gergen and Gergen, 2003 Gergen, M. M. , & Gergen, K. J. (2003). Positive aging. In J. F. Gubrium & J. A. Holstein (Eds.), Ways of aging (pp. 203–224). Blackwell.

Gergen and Gergen, 2008 Gergen, K. J. , & Gergen, M. M. (2008). Social constructionism and psychological inquiry. In J. A. Holstein & J. F. Gubrium (Eds.), Handbook of constructionist research (pp. 171–188). The Guilford Press.

Gibson, 2015 Gibson, S. (2015). From representations to representing: On social representations and discursive-rhetorical psychology. In G. Sammut , E. Andreouli , G. Gaskell , & J. Valsiner (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of social representations (pp. 210–223). Cambridge University Press.

Giele and Elder, 1998 Giele, J. Z. , & Elder, G. H., Jr. (1998). Life course research: Development of a field. In J. Z. Giele & G. H. ElderJr (Eds.), Methods of life course research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (pp. 5–27). Sage.

Gilleard and Higgs, 2005 Gilleard, C. , & Higgs, P. (2005). Contexts of ageing. Class, cohort and community. Polity Press.

Gitlow, 2014 Gitlow, L. (2014). Technology use by older adults and barriers to using technology. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 32(3), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.3109/02703181.2014.946640

Givskov, 2017 Givskov, C. (2017). Growing old with mediatization: Reflexivity and sense of agency. Nordicom Review, 38(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0402

Givskov and Deuze, 2018 Givskov, C. , & Deuze, M. (2018). Researching new media and social diversity in later life. New Media & Society, 20(1), 399–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816663949

Glendenning, 2004 Glendenning, F. (2004). Education for older adults: Lifelong learning, empowerment, and social change. In J. F. Nussbaum & J. Coupland (Eds.), Handbook of communication and aging research (2nd ed., pp. 523–541). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.

Gonzá lez et al., 2019 González, G. E. , Amaro, A. A. , & Martínez, H. N. (2019). Comparative study of competences 2.0 between young and senior people. Present time and challenges for their inclusion. Revista ESPACIOS, 40(5), 15–24. http://es.revistaespacios.com/a19v40n05/a19v40n05p15.pdf

Greenwood, 2019 Greenwood, V. E. (2019). Health media literacy. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of media literacy (Vol. 1, pp. 539–546). Wiley Blackwell.

Gubrium and Holstein, 2008 Gubrium, J. F. , & Holstein, J. A. (2008). The constructionist mosaic. In J. A. Holstein & J. F. Gubrium (Eds.), Handbook of constructionist research (pp. 3–10). The Guilford Press.

Guess et al., 2019 Guess, A. , Nagler, J. , & Tucker, J. (2019). Less than you think: Prevalence and predictors of fake news dissemination on Facebook. Science Advances, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau4586

Gutié rrez, 2019 Gutiérrez, V. (2019). The affective dimension of social representations: Donald Trump and the social representation of illegal immigration. Papers on Social Representations, 28(2), 6.1–6.26.

Gutié rrez and Tyner, 2012 Gutiérrez, A. , & Tyner, K. (2012). Media education, media literacy and digital competence. Comunicar: Media Education Research Journal, 19(38), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.3916/C38-2011-02-03

Haarni, 2010 Haarni, I. (2010). Kolmas elämä. Aktiiviset eläkeikäiset kaupungissa. Gaudeamus Helsinki University Press.

Haddon, 2000 Haddon, L. (2000). Social exclusion and information and communication technologies: Lesson from studies of single parents and the young elderly. New Media & Society, 2(4), 387–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444800002004001

Haddon, 2007a Haddon, L. (2007a). The contribution of domestication research to in-home computing and media consumption. The Information Society, 22(4), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240600791325

Haddon, 2007b Haddon, L. (2007b). Roger Silverstone's legacies: Domestication. New Media & Society, 9(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444807075201

Haddon, 2018 Haddon, L. (2018). Generational analysis of people's experience of ICT's. In S. Taipale , T.-A. Wilska , & C. Gilleard (Eds.), Digital technologies and generational identity. ICT usage across the life course (pp. 37–51). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Hakkarainen, 2012 Hakkarainen, P. (2012). “No good for shovelling snow and carrying firewood”—Social representations of computers and the internet by elderly Finnish non-users. New Media & Society, 14(7), 1198–1215. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812442663

Hakkarainen and Hyvö nen, 2010a Hakkarainen, P. , & Hyvönen, P. (2010a). Tietokoneeton elämä yli 60-vuotiaan valintana—tunteita ja perusteluja. Media & Viestintä, 33(4), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.23983/mv.62926

Hakkarainen and Hyvönen, 2010b Hakkarainen, P. , & Hyvönen, P. (2010b, December 19). Tietokone ja internet eivät houkuta kaikkia yli 60-vuotiaita. Lapin Kansa.

Hakkarainen and Hyvönen, 2011 Hakkarainen, P. , & Hyvönen, P. (2011, February 10). Tietokone ja internet eivät houkuta kaikkia yli 60-vuotiaita. Kaleva.

Hall, 2010 Hall, S. (2010). The work of representation. In S. Hall (Ed.), Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices (pp. 13–74). Sage Publications Ltd.

Hä nninen, 1999 Hänninen, V. (1999). Sisäinen tarina, elämä ja muutos. Doctoral dissertation, Tampere University, Trepo. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951-44-5597-5

Hä nninen, 2012 Hänninen, V. (2012). Marxilaisuus ja toiminnan teoria. In A. R. Lahikainen , E. Suoninen , I. Järventie , & M. Salonen (Eds.), Sosiaalipsykologian sukupolvet (pp. 125–145). Vastapaino.

Hä nninen et al., 2021 Hänninen, R. , Karhinen, J. , Korpela, V. , Pajula, L. , Pihlajamaa, O. , Merisalo, M. , Kuusisto, O. , Taipale, S. , Kääriäinen, J. , & Wilska, T.-A. (2021). Digiosallisuuden käsite ja keskeiset osa-alueet. Digiosallisuus Suomessa -hankkeen väliraportti [The concept of digital inclusiveness and its key elements. An interim report on the digital inclusiveness in Finland project]. Publications of the Government's analysis, assessment and research activities 2021:25. Prime Minister's Office. https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/163036/VNTEAS_2021_25.pdf

Hä nninen et al., 2021 Hänninen, R. , Pajula, L. , Korpela, V. , & Taipale, S. (2021). Individual and shared digital repertoires–older adults managing digital services. Information, Communication & Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1954976

Hä nninen et al., 2021 Hänninen, R. , Taipale, S. , & Luostari, R. (2021). Exploring heterogeneous ICT use among older adults—The warm experts' perspective. New Media & Society, 23(6), 1584–1601. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820917353

Hargittai, 2002 Hargittai, E. (2002). Second-level digital divide: Differences in people's online skills. First Monday, 7(4). http://firstmonday.org/article/view/942/864

Hargittai et al., 2019 Hargittai, E. , Piper, A. M. , & Morris, M. R. (2019). From internet access to internet skills: Digital inequality among older adults. Universal Access in the Information Society, 18(4), 881–890. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-018-0617-5

Harrington et al., 2014 Harrington, C. L. , Bielby, D. D. , & Bardo, A. R. (2014). New areas of inquiry in aging, media, and culture. In C. L. Harrington , D. D. Bielby , & A. R. Bardo (Eds.), Aging, media, and culture (pp. 1–9). Lexington Books.

Harris, 2008 Harris, S. R. (2008). Constructionism in sociology. In J. A. Holstein & J. F. Gubrium (Eds.), Handbook of constructionist research (pp. 231–247). The Guilford Press.

Hartmann, 2020 Hartmann, M. (2020). (The domestication of) Nordic domestication? Nordic Journal of Media Studies, 2(1), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2020-0005

Harwood, 2007 Harwood, J. (2007). Understanding communication and aging: Developing knowledge and awareness. Sage.

Hasan and Linger, 2016 Hasan, H. , & Linger, H. (2016). Enhancing the wellbeing of the elderly: Social use of digital technologies in aged care. Educational Gerontology, 42(11), 749–757. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2016.1205425

Hasebrink and Domeyer, 2012 Hasebrink, U. , & Domeyer, H. (2012). Media repertoires as patterns of behaviour and as meaningful practices: A multimethod approach to media use in converging media environments. Participations. Journal of Audience and Reception Studies, 9(2), 757–779.

Hasebrink and Popp, 2006 Hasebrink, U. , & Popp, J. (2006). Media repertoires as a result of selective media use: A conceptual approach to the analysis of patterns of exposure. Communications, 31(3), 369–387. https://doi.org/10.1515/COMMUN.2006.023

Hausknecht et al., 2019 Hausknecht, M. , Vanchu-Orosco, M. , & Kaufman, D. (2019). Digitising the wisdom of our elders: Connectedness through digital storytelling. Ageing and Society, 39(12), 2714–2734. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X18000739

Haythornthwaite, 2001 Haythornthwaite, C. (2001). Introduction: The internet in everyday life. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 363–382. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027640121957240

Helsper, 2021 Helsper, E. (2021). The digital disconnect: The social causes and consequences of digital inequalities. Sage.

Helsper and Reisdorf, 2016 Helsper, E. J. , & Reisdorf, B. C. (2016). The emergence of a ‘digital underclass’ in Great Britain and Sweden: Changing reasons for digital exclusion. New Media & Society, 19(8), 1253–1270. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816634676

Heponiemi et al., 2021 Heponiemi, T. , Gluschkoff, K. , Leemann, L. , Manderbacka, K. , Aalto, A.-M. , & Hyppönen, H. (2021). Digital inequality in Finland: Access, skills and attitudes as social impact mediators. New Media & Society, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211023007

Hepp et al., 2017 Hepp, A. , Berg, M. , & Roitsch, C. (2017). A processual concept of media generation: The media-generational positioning of elderly people. Nordicom Review, 38(1), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0395

Hirschovits-Gerz, 2014 Hirschovits-Gerz, T. (2014). Suomalaisten riippuvuuksia koskevat mielikuvat. Doctoral dissertation, Tampere University, Trepo. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-44-9539-7

Hjarvard, 2008 Hjarvard, S. (2008). The mediatization of society. A theory of the media as agents of social and cultural change. Nordicom Review, 29(2), 105–134. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0181

Hobbs, 2010 Hobbs, R. (2010). Digital and media literacy: A plan of action. A white paper on the digital and media literacy recommendations of the Knight Commission on the information needs of communities in a democracy. The Aspen Institute and the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED523244.pdf

Hobbs, 2020 Hobbs, R. (2020). Mind over media. Propaganda education for a digital age. W.W. Norton & Company.

Hodge et al., 2017 Hodge, H. , Carson, D. , Carson, D. , Newman, L. , & Garrett, J. (2017, August). Using internet technologies in rural communities to access services: The views of older people and service providers. Journal of Rural Studies, 54, 469–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.06.016

Hodgetts and Chamberlain, 2006 Hodgetts, D. , & Chamberlain, K. (2006). Media and health: A continuing concern for health psychology. Journal of Health Psychology, 11(2), 171–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105306061172

Hofer and Hargittai, 2021 Hofer, M. , & Hargittai, E. (2021). Online social engagement, depression, and anxiety among older adults. New Media & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211054377

Hö ijer, 2010 Höijer, B. (2010). Emotional anchoring and objectification in the media reporting on climate change. Public Understanding of Science, 19(6), 717–731. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662509348863

Hö ijer, 2011 Höijer, B. (2011). Social representations theory. A new theory for media research. Nordicom Review, 32(2), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0109

Horrigan, 2016 Horrigan, J. B. (2016, September). Digital readiness gaps. Pew Research Center. http://www.pewinternet.org/2016/09/20/2016/Digital-Readiness-Gaps/

Hunsaker and Hargittai, 2018 Hunsaker, A. , & Hargittai, E. (2018). A review of internet use among older adults. New Media & Society, 20(10), 3937–3954. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818787348

Huotilainen, 2005 Huotilainen, A. (2005). Dimensions of novelty: Social representations of new foods. Doctoral dissertation, University of Helsinki, Helda. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:952-10-2410-0

Hynes and Rommes, 2006 Hynes, D. , & Rommes, E. (2006). Fitting the internet into our lives: Internet courses for disadvantaged users. In T. Berker , M. Hartmann , Y. Punie , & K. J. Ward (Eds.), Domestication of media and technologies (pp. 123–144). Open University Press.

Hyppö nen and Aalto, 2019 Hyppönen, H. , & Aalto, A.-M. (2019). Citizens' experiences of e-health and e-welfare services. In T. Vehko , S. Ruotsalainen , & H. Hyppönen (Eds.), E-health and e-welfare of Finland. Check point 2018 (pp. 148–167). National Institute for Health and Welfare. Report 7/2019. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-343-326-7

Ilomä ki et al., 2016 Ilomäki, L. , Paavola, S. , Lakkala, M. , & Kantosalo, A. (2016). Digital competence: An emergent boundary concept for policy and educational research. Education and Information Technologies, 21(3), 655–679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-014-9346-4

International Telecommunication Union, 2021 International Telecommunication Union . (2021). Measuring digital development. Facts and figures 2021. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2021.pdf

Isola et al., 2017 Isola, A.-M. , Kaartinen, H. , Leemann, L. , Lääperi, R. , Schneider, T. , Valtari, S. , & Keto-Tokoi, A. (2017). Mitä osallisuus on? Osallisuuden viitekehystä rakentamassa. Työpaperi 33/2017. Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos. Juvenes Print – Suomen Yliopistopaino Oy. https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-302-917-0

Jin et al., 2019 Jin, B. , Kim, J. , & Baumgartner, L. M. (2019). Informal learning of older adults in using mobile devices: A review of the literature. Adult Education Quarterly, 69(2), 120–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713619834726

Jodelet, 1991 Jodelet, D. (1991). Madness and social representations. Harvester Wheatseaf.

Johnston, 2009 Johnston, R. (2009). Salvation or destruction: Metaphors of the internet. First Monday, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v14i4.2370

Joseph, 2010 Joseph, R. C. (2010). Individual resistance to IT innovations. Communications of the ACM, 53(4), 144–146. https://doi.org/10.1145/1721654.1721693

Jost and Ignatow, 2001 Jost, J. T. , & Ignatow, G. (2001). What we do and don't know about the functions of social representations. In K. Deaux & G. Philogène (Eds.), Representations of the social. Bridging theoretical traditions (pp. 190–198). Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Joyce et al., 2015 Joyce, K. , Loe, M. , & Diamond-Brown, L. (2015). Science, technology and ageing. In J. Twigg & W. Martin (Eds.), Routledge handbook of cultural gerontology (pp. 157–164). Routledge International Handbooks.

Jungner, 2015 Jungner, M. (2015). Otetaan digiloikka! Suomi digikehityksen kärkeen [Let's take a digital leap! Finland to the forefront of digital development]. Elinkeinoelämän keskusliitto. https://ek.fi/wp-content/uploads/Otetaan_digiloikka_net.pdf

Jyrkä m ä , 2005 Jyrkämä, J. (2005). Syntynyt 1947, kuollut …? Suuret ikäluokat ja elämänkulkutulevaisuus. In A. Karisto (Ed.), Suuret ikäluokat (pp. 347–363). Vastapaino.

Jyrkä m ä , 2006 Jyrkämä, J. (2006, January 26). Vanhukset toimijoina. Vanhusten toimijuus ja osallisuus tutkimuksessa. In P. Topo (Ed.), Eettiset kysymykset vanhustenhuollon tutkimuksessa. Seminaari (pp. 14–19). Stakes. https://bit.ly/31t4bul

Jyrkä m ä , 2007a Jyrkämä, J. (2007a). Sosiaaligerontologian näkymiä—taakse ja eteenpäin. Gerontologia, 21(2), 104–108.

Jyrkä m ä , 2007b Jyrkämä, J. (2007b). Toimijuus ja toimijatilanteet—aineksia ikääntymisen arjen tutkimiseen. In M. Seppänen , A. Karisto , & T. Kröger (Eds.), Vanhuus ja sosiaalityö. Sosiaalityö avuttomuuden ja toimijuuden välissä (pp. 195–217). PS-Kustannus.

Jyrkä m ä , 2008a Jyrkämä, J. (2008a). Toimijuus, ikääntyminen ja arkielämä—hahmottelua teoreettis-metodologiseksi viitekehykseksi. Gerontologia, 22(4), 190–203.

Jyrkä m ä , 2008b Jyrkämä, J. (2008b). Emootiot, toimijuus ja vanhuuden arkitilanteet. In S. Heimonen & I. Syrén (Eds.), Kokemus ja kokemuksellisuus ikääntyessä. Seminaariesityksiä, 26–27 November 2007, Ikäinstituutti. https://bit.ly/2PfsDgm

Jyrkä m ä , 2008c Jyrkämä, J. (2008c). Vanheneva yksilö, toimijuus ja toimintatilanteet. In E. Heikkinen & T. Rantanen (Eds.), Gerontologia (pp. 273–278). Duodecim.

Jyrkä m ä and Nikander, 2006 Jyrkämä, J. , & Nikander, P. (2006). Ikäsyrjintä, ageismi. In O. Lepola & S. Villa (Eds.), Syrjintä Suomessa 2006 [discrimination in Finland 2006] (pp. 181–218). Ihmisoikeusliitto ry.

Karisto, 2004 Karisto, A. (2004). Kolmas ikä—uusi näkökulma väestön ikääntymiseen. In M. Kautto (Ed.), Ikääntyminen voimavarana (Vol. 33, pp. 91–103). Valtioneuvoston kanslian julkaisusarja. https://vnk.fi/julkaisu?pubid=9701

Karisto, 2008 Karisto, A. (2008). Suuret ikäluokat eläkeiässä: Esimerkki siitä, kuinka väestö vanhenee sukupolvittain. In E. Heikkinen & T. Rantanen (Eds.), Gerontologia (pp. 77–84). Duodecim.

Karlsen and Syvertsen, 2016 Karlsen, F. , & Syvertsen, T. (2016). You can't smell roses online. Intruding media and reverse domestication. Nordicom Review, 37(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2016-0021

Kaun, 2021 Kaun, A. (2021). Ways of seeing digital disconnection: A negative sociology of digital culture. Convergence, 27(6), 1571–1583. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565211045535

Kauppila et al., 2020 Kauppila, A. , Kinnari, H. , & Niemi, A.-M. (2020). Governmentality of disability in the context of lifelong learning in European Union policy. Critical Studies in Education, 61(5), 529–544. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2018.1533876

Kautto, 2004 Kautto, M. (2004). Ikääntyneet resurssina, ikääntyminen mahdollisuutena. In M. Kautto (Ed.), Ikääntyminen voimavarana (Vol. 33, pp. 7–23). Valtioneuvoston kanslian julkaisusarja. https://vnk.fi/julkaisu?pubid=9701

Keating, 2008 Keating, N. (2008). Revisiting rural ageing. In N. Keating (Ed.), Rural ageing. A good place to grow old? (pp. 121–130). The Policy Press.

Keating and Phillips, 2008 Keating, N. , & Phillips, J. (2008). A critical human ecology perspective on rural ageing. In N. Keating (Ed.), Rural ageing. A good place to grow old? (pp. 1–10). The Policy Press.

Kilpelä inen, 2016 Kilpeläinen, A. (2016). Teknologiavälitteisyys kyläläisten arjessa. Tutkimus ikääntyvien sivukylien teknologiavälitteisyydestä ja sen rajapinnoista maaseutusosiaalityöhön. Doctoral dissertation, University of Lapland, Lauda. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-484-879-4

Kilpiö , 2008 Kilpiö, A. (2008). Opettajien teknologiasuhteen luonne ja muodostuminen. Doctoral dissertation, University of Helsinki, Helda. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-22-9201-1

Kinnari, 2020 Kinnari, H. (2020). Elinikäinen oppiminen ihmistä määrittämässä. Genealoginen analyysi EU:n, OECD:n ja UNESCOn politiikasta [Lifelong learning defining the conception of human. Genealogical analysis of the policies of EU, OECD and UNESCO]. Academic dissertation. Kasvatusalan tutkimuksia 81. Suomen kasvatustieteellinen seura.

Knuuttila and Lehtinen, 2010 Knuuttila, T. , & Lehtinen, A. P. (Eds.). (2010). Representaatio. Tiedon kivijalasta tieteiden työkaluksi. Gaudeamus.

Koltay, 2011 Koltay, T. (2011). The media and the literacies: Media literacy, information literacy, digital literacy. Media, Culture & Society, 33(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443710393382

Koro-Ljungberg, 2008 Koro-Ljungberg, M. (2008). A social constructionist framing of the research interview. In J. A. Holstein & J. F. Gubrium (Eds.), Handbook of constructionist research (pp. 429–444). The Guilford Press.

Koskinen, 1994 Koskinen, S. (1994). Ketkä kulloinkin ovat olleet vanhuksia. Vanhuskäsitykset sosiaali- ja kulttuurihistoriallisina ilmentyminä. In R. Sailas & S. Mikkonen (Eds.), 55+. Katsaus ikääntyvien elinoloihin (Vol. 1, pp. 9–13). Tilastokeskus ja Stakes.

Koskinen, 2004 Koskinen, S. (2004). Ikääntyneitten voimavarat. In M. Kautto (Ed.), Ikääntyminen voimavarana (pp. 24–90). Valtioneuvoston kanslian julkaisusarja 33. https://vnk.fi/julkaisu?pubid=9701

Kukier, 2019 Kukier, J. (2019). Media education of seniors as a form of action against digital marginalization of people over 65 years of age. 21st Century Pedagogy, 1(3), 56–61.

Kulmala et al., 2021 Kulmala, J. , Tiilikainen, E. , Lisko, I. , Ngandu, T. , Kivipelto, M. , & Solomon, A. (2021). Personal social networks of community-dwelling oldest old during the Covid-19 pandemic—A qualitative study. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.770965

Kuusela, 2003 Kuusela, P. (2003). Metafora, metateoria ja sosiaalitieteet. In J. Eskola & S. Pihlström (Eds.), Ihmistä tutkimassa. Yhteiskuntatieteiden metodologian ajankohtaisia kysymyksiä (pp. 77–104). Kuopio University Press.

Kuusela, 2014 Kuusela, P. (2014). Metaforien tarkastelu organisaatio- ja johtamistutkimuksessa. In P. Kuusela & M. Saastamoinen (Eds.), Hyvän elämän sosiaalipsykologia. Toimijuus, tunteet ja hyvinvointi (pp. 214–229). UNI Press.

Kuusisto et al., 2022 Kuusisto, O. , Merisalo, M. , Kääriäinen, J. , Hänninen, R. , Karhinen, J. , Korpela, V. , Pajula, L. , Pihlajamaa, O. , Taipale, S. , & Wilska, T.-A. (2022). Digiosallisuus Suomessa. Digiosallisuus Suomessa -hankkeen loppuraportti [Digital inclusiveness in Finland. the final report on the digital inclusiveness in Finland project]. Publications of the Government's analysis, assessment and research activities 2022:10. Prime Minister's Office. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-383-182-7

Kyytsö nen et al., 2021 Kyytsönen, M. , Aalto, A.-M. , & Vehko, T. (2021). Sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon sähköinen asiointi 2020–2021.Väestön kokemukset [Social and health care online service use in 2020–2021: Experiences of the population]. Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL). Report 7/2021. https://www.julkari.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/142675/URN_ISBN_978-952-343-680-0.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Laceulle, 2018 Laceulle, H. (2018). Aging and the ethics of authenticity. The Gerontologist, 58(5), 970–978. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx037

Lage, 2014 Lage, E. (2014). Sosiaalisten representaatioiden perusdynamiikka. Translation by Klaus Helkama. In L. Myyry , S. Ahola , M. Ahokas , & I. Sakki (Eds.), Arkiajattelu, tieto ja oikeudenmukaisuus (pp. 53–67). Sosiaalitieteiden laitoksen julkaisuja 2014: 18. Helsingin yliopisto, sosiaalitieteiden laitos.

Lahlou, 2001 Lahlou, S. (2001). Functional aspects of social representation. In K. Deaux & G. Philogène (Eds.), Representations of the social. Bridging theoretical traditions (pp. 131–146). Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Lakoff and Johnson, 1980 Lakoff, G. , & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press.

Langer, 2004 Langer, N. (2004). Resilience and spirituality: Foundations of strengths perspective counseling with the elderly. Educational Gerontology, 30(7), 611–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270490467038

Lantela, 2019 Lantela, P. (2019). ‘So, tell me what kind of a thing it really is’—Finnish older adults making sense of home technology. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 11(2), 146–166. https://doi.org/10.23860/JMLE-2019-11-2-8

Lapointe and Rivard, 2005 Lapointe, L. , & Rivard, S. (2005). A multilevel model of resistance to information technology implementation. MIS Quarterly, 29(3), 461–491. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148692

Lee, 2021 Lee, S. (2021). Urgent call for health education to promote eHealth literacy in aging populations: A brief note. Educational Gerontology, 47(5), 193–195.

Leikas, 2009 Leikas, J. (2009). Life-based design: ‘Form of life’ as a foundation for ICT design for older adults. Doctoral dissertation, University of Jyväskylä. JYX Digital Repository. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-8042-9

Lemish and Muhlbauer, 2012 Lemish, D. , & Muhlbauer, V. (2012). ‘Can't have it all’: Representations of older women in popular culture. Women & Therapy, 35(3–4), 165–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2012.684541

Liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö, 2011 Liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö . (2011). Kohti esteetöntä tietoyhteiskuntaa. Toimenpideohjelma 2011–2015. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-243-200-1

Lindgren, 2017 Lindgren, S. (2017). Digital media & society. Sage Publications Inc.

Lipponen, 2007 Lipponen, L. (2007). Yleisestä mediaosaamisesta paikalliseen ja yhteisölliseen mediaosaamiseen. In H. Kynäslahti , R. Kupiainen , & M. Lehtonen (Eds.), Näkökulmia mediakasvatukseen (pp. 51–60). Mediakasvatusseuran julkaisuja. https://bit.ly/3m1YIEh

Lipponen, 2010 Lipponen, L. (2010). Information literacy as a situated and distributed activity. In A. Lloyd & S. Talja (Eds.), Practising information literacy: Bringing theories of learning, practice and information literacy together (pp. 51–64). Charles Sturt University.

Livingstone and Helsper, 2007 Livingstone, S. , & Helsper, E. (2007). Gradations in digital inclusion: Children, young people and the digital divide. New Media & Society, 9(4), 671–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444807080335

Livingstone et al., 2005 Livingstone, S. , Van Couvering, E. , & Thumim, N. (2005). Adult media literacy: A review of the research literature on behalf of Ofcom. Ofcom. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4155054.pdf

Lloyd, 2015 Lloyd, L. (2015). The fourth age. In J. Twigg & W. Martin (Eds.), Routledge handbook of cultural gerontology (pp. 261–268). Routledge International Handbooks.

Lomborg and Ytre-Arne, 2021 Lomborg, S. , & Ytre-Arne, B. (2021). Advancing digital disconnection research: Introduction to the special issue. Convergence, 27(6), 1529–1535. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565211057518

Loos, 2012 Loos, E. F. (2012). Senior citizens: Digital immigrants in their own country? Observatorio, 6(1), 1–23.

Loos, 2018 Loos, E. F. (2018). The organizational use of online stockphotos: The impact of representing senior citizens as eternally youthful. Human Technology, 14(3), 366–381. https://doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.201811224838

Loos et al., 2017 Loos, E. F. , Kubinski, P. , & Romero, M. (2017). The representation of older people playing a digital game in the short film ‘Pony place’: A semiotic and narratological analysis. Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology, 8(2), 43–62.

Lowney, 2008 Lowney, K. S. (2008). Claimsmaking, culture and the media in the social construction process. In J. A. Holstein & J. F. Gubrium (Eds.), Handbook of constructionist research (pp. 331–353). The Guilford Press.

Lucas and Pomeranzev, 2016 Lucas, E. , & Pomeranzev, P. (2016). Winning the information war. Techniques and counter-strategies to Russian propaganda in Central and Eastern Europe. A report by CEPA's Information Warfare project in partnership with the Legatum Institute. CEPA Center for European Policy Analysis and the Legatum Institute. https://cepa.org/winning-the-information-war/

Lumme-Sandt, 2011 Lumme-Sandt, K. (2011). Images of ageing in a 50+ magazine. Journal of Aging Studies, 25(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2010.08.013

Luomanen and Peteri, 2013 Luomanen, J. , & Peteri, V. (2013). iDeal machines and iDeal users: Domesticating iPad as a cultural object. Widescreen, 16(1). http://widerscreen.fi/numerot/2013-1/domesticating-ipad/

Lutz, 2016 Lutz, C. (2016). A social milieu approach to the online participation divides in Germany. Social Media + Society, 2(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115626749

Magsamen-Conrad et al., 2015 Magsamen-Conrad, K. , Dowd, J. , Abuljadail, M. , Alsulaiman, S. , & Shareefi, A. (2015). Life-span differences in the uses and gratifications of tablets: Implications for older adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.024

Makita et al., 2021 Makita, M. , Mas-Bleda, A. , Stuart, E. , & Thelwall, M. (2021). Ageing, old age and older adults: A social media analysis of dominant topics and discourses. Ageing and Society, 41(2), 247–272. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X19001016

Marcoen et al., 2007 Marcoen, A. , Coleman, P. G. , & O'Hanlon, A. (2007). Psychological ageing. In J. Bond , S. Peace , F. Dittmann-Kohli , & G. Westerhof (Eds.), Ageing in society. European perspectives on gerontology (3rd ed., pp. 38–67). Sage Publications.

Markham, 2003 Markham, A. (2003). Metaphors reflecting and shaping the reality of the internet: Tool, place, way of being. In Paper presented at the conference of the International Association of Internet Researchers in Toronto, Canada, October 2001. https://annettemarkham.com/writing/MarkhamTPW.pdf

Marler and Hargittai, 2022 Marler, W. , & Hargittai, E. (2022). Division of digital labor: Partner support for technology use among older adults. New Media & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211068437

Martikainen, 2020 Martikainen, J. (2020). Visual representations of teachership—A social representations approach. Doctoral dissertation, University of Eastern Finland. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-61-3289-1

Martin, 2019 Martin, C. (2019). Coding as literacy. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of media literacy (Vol. 1, pp. 181–188). Wiley Blackwell.

Martí nez and Olsson, 2022 Martínez, C. , & Olsson, T. (2022). The warm expert—A warm teacher? Learning about digital media in intergenerational interaction. Convergence. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565211070409

Matassi et al., 2019 Matassi, M. , Boczkowski, P. J. , & Mitchelstein, E. (2019). Domesticating WhatsApp: Family, friends, work, and study in everyday communication. New Media & Society, 21(10), 2183–2200. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819841890

Matikainen, 2015 Matikainen, J. (2015). Uusi mediasukupolvi? Aikuiskasvatus, 35(3), 164–176. https://doi.org/10.33336/aik.94143

Matikainen, 2017 Matikainen, J. (2017). Medioiden media—Internet. In K. Nordenstreng & H. Nieminen (Eds.), Suomen mediamaisema (pp. 323–341). Vastapaino.

Matthews et al., 2019 Matthews, K. , Nazroo, J. , & Marshall, A. (2019). Digital inclusion in later life: Cohort changes in internet use over a ten-year period in England. Ageing and Society, 39(9), 1914–1932. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X18000326

McCreadie, 2010 McCreadie, C. (2010). Technology and older people. In D. Dannefer & C. Phillipson (Eds.), The Sage handbook of social gerontology (pp. 607–617). Sage Publications Ltd.

MediaAuditFinland, 2017 MediaAuditFinland . (2017). LT ja JT Tarkastustilasto 2016. https://bit.ly/3m2F7Uz

Messing and Berná th, 2017 Messing, V. , & Bernáth, G. (2017). Disempowered by the media: Causes and consequences of the lack of media voice of Roma communities. Identities: Global Studies in Power and Culture: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 24(6), 650–667. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2017.1380264

Miles and Thomas, 1997 Miles, I. , & Thomas, G. (1997). User resistance to new interactive media: Participants, processes and paradigms. In M. Bauer (Ed.), Resistance to new technology. Nuclear power, information technology and biotechnology (pp. 255–275). Cambridge University Press.

Miller and Strong, 2008 Miller, G. , & Strong, T. (2008). Constructing therapy and its outcomes. In J. A. Holstein & J. F. Gubrium (Eds.), Handbook of constructionist research (pp. 609–625). The Guilford Press.

Millward, 2003 Millward, P. (2003). The ‘grey digital divide’: Perception, exclusion and barriers of access to the internet for older people. First Monday, 8(7). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v8i7.1066

Ministry of Education and Culture, 2019 Ministry of Education and Culture . (2019). Media literacy in Finland: National media education policy. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-263-676-8

Ministry of Social Affairs and Health and the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities, 2015 Ministry of Social Affairs and Health and the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities . (2015). Information to support well-being and service renewal. eHealth and eSocial Strategy 2020. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-00-3575-4

Ministry of Transport and Communications, 2020 Ministry of Transport and Communications . (2020, July 23). Minister Harakka: Climate recovery and everyday digitalization after an exceptional spring. https://bit.ly/31qx8at

Ministry of Transport and Communications, 2022 Ministry of Transport and Communications . (2022, February 15). Ministerial working group sets Finland's digital vision and targets for 2030. https://www.lvm.fi/en/-/ministerial-working-group-sets-finland-s-digital-vision-and-targets-for-2030-1664329

Moliner and Abric, 2015 Moliner, P. , & Abric, J.-C. (2015). Central core theory. In G. Sammut , E. Andreouli , G. Gaskell , & J. Valsiner (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of social representations (pp. 83–95). Cambridge University Press.

Moody, 2004 Moody, H. R. (2004). Structure and agency in late-life learning. In E. Tulle (Ed.), Old age and agency (pp. 29–43). Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Morgan and Kunkel, 2011 Morgan, L. A. , & Kunkel, S. R. (2011). Aging, society, and the life course (4th ed.). Springer Publishing Company.

Morris and Brading, 2007 Morris, A. , & Brading, H. (2007). E-literacy and the grey digital divide: A review with recommendations. Journal of Information Literacy, 1(3), 13–28.

Moscovici, 1976 Moscovici, S. (1976). La psychoanalyse, son image, son public [Psychoanalysis, its image and its public] (2nd ed.). Presses Universitaires de France.

Moscovici, 2001a Moscovici, S. (2001a). Why a theory of social representations? In K. Deaux & G. Philogène (Eds.), Representations of the social. Bridging theoretical traditions (pp. 8–35). Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Moscovici, 2001b Moscovici, S. (2001b). The phenomenon of social representations. In G. Duveen (Ed.), Social representations: Explorations in social psychology (pp. 18–77). Polity Press.

Moscovici, 2008 Moscovici, S. (2008). Psychoanalysis: Its image and its public. Polity Press.

Moscovici and Marková , 2001 Moscovici, S. , & Marková, I. (2001). Ideas and their development: A dialogue between Serge Moscovici and Ivana Marková. In G. Duveen (Ed.), Social representations: Explorations in social psychology (pp. 224–286). Polity Press.

Myhre et al., 2017 Myhre, J. W. , Mehl, M. R. , & Glisky, E. L. (2017). Cognitive benefits of online social networking for healthy older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 72, 752–760. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbw025

Naab and Schwarzenegger, 2017 Naab, T. , & Schwarzenegger, C. (2017). Why ageing is more important than being old: Understanding the elderly in a mediatized world. Nordicom Review, 38(1), 93–107. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0400

Naskali, 2019 Naskali, P. (2019). Old women and men as political actors in Finnish Lapland. In P. Naskali , J. Harbison , & S. Begum (Eds.), New challenges to ageing in the Rural North. A critical interdisciplinary perspective. International perspectives on aging (Vol. 22). Springer.

Nelson-Becker et al., 2020 Nelson-Becker, H. , Lloyd, L. , Milne, A. , Perry, E. , Ray, M. , Richards, S. , Sullivan, M. P. , Tanner, D. , & Willis, P. (2020). Strengths-based social work with older people: A UK perspective. In A. M. Mendenhall & M. Mohr Carney (Eds.), Rooted in strengths: Celebrating the strengths perspective in social work (pp. 327–346). University of Kansas Libraries.

Neriya-Ben Shahar, 2017 Neriya-Ben Shahar, R. (2017). Negotiating agency: Amish and ultra-orthodox women's responses to the internet. New Media & Society, 19(1), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816649920

Neven and Leeson, 2015 Neven, L. , & Leeson, C. (2015). Beyond determinism. Understanding actual use of social robots by older people. In D. Prendergast & C. Garattini (Eds.), Aging and the digital life course (pp. 84–102). Berghahn Books.

Newman et al., 2020 Newman, N. , Fletcher, R. , Schulz, A. , Andi, S. , & Kleis Nielsen, R. (2020). Reuters institute digital news report 2020. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-06/DNR_2020_FINAL.pdf

Ng, 2007 Ng, C.-H. (2007). Motivation among older adults in learning computing technologies: A grounded model. Educational Gerontology, 34(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270701763845

Niemelä , 2006 Niemelä, R. (2006). Ikääntyneiden informaatiokäyttäytyminen. Laadullinen tutkimus arkielämän informaatiokäytännöistä ja toimintaan aktivoitumisesta. Doctoral dissertation, University of Oulu, Jultika. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514282906

Niemelä and Melkas, 2019 Niemelä, M. , & Melkas, H. (2019). Robots as social and physical assistants in elderly care. In M. Toivonen & E. Saari (Eds.), Human-centered digitalization and services. Translational systems sciences (Vol. 19, pp. 177–197). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7725-9_10

Niiniluoto, 2015 Niiniluoto, I. (2015). Hyvän elämän filosofiaa. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura.

Nikander, 2001 Nikander, P. (2001). Kenneth Gergen. Konstruktionistinen ja postmoderni sosiaalipsykologia. In V. Hänninen , J. Partanen , & O.-H. Ylijoki (Eds.), Sosiaalipsykologian suunnannäyttäjiä (pp. 275–298). Vastapaino.

Nikander and Zechner, 2006 Nikander, P. , & Zechner, M. (2006). Ikäetiikka. Elämänkulun ääripäät, haavoittuvuus ja eettiset kysymykset. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka, 71(5), 515–526. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe201209117277

Nimrod, 2017 Nimrod, G. (2017). Older audiences in the digital media environment. Information, Communication & Society, 20(2), 233–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1164740

Nimrod, 2018 Nimrod, G. (2018). Technophobia among older internet users. Educational Gerontology, 44(2–3), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2018.1428145

Nimrod, 2021 Nimrod, G. (2021). Not good days for technophobes: Older internet users during the COVID-19 pandemic. Educational Gerontology, 47(4), 160–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2021.1894530

OECD, 2013 OECD . (2013). OECD skills outlook 2013: First results from the survey of adult skills. OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264204256-en

OECD, 2020 OECD . (2020). OECD digital economy outlook 2020. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/digital/oecd-digital-economy-outlook-2020-bb167041-en.htm

OECD, 2021 OECD . (2021). The assessment frameworks for cycle 2 of the programme for the international assessment of adult competencies. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/4bc2342d-en

Ofcom, 2015 Ofcom . (2015). Adults' media use and attitudes. Report 2015. https://bit.ly/31td6vU

Ofcom, 2019 Ofcom . (2019). Adults' media use and attitudes. Report 2019. https://bit.ly/3fkiLwt

Ofcom, 2020 Ofcom . (2020). Adults' media use and attitudes. Report 2020. https://bit.ly/3ctXFKi

Ofcom, 2021 Ofcom . (2021). Adults' media use and attitudes. Report 2020/21. https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/217834/adults-media-use-and-attitudes-report-2020-21.pdf

Oh et al., 2021 Oh, S. , Kyoung, K. , Kim, M. , Oh, J. , Chu, S.-H. , & Choi, J. (2021). Measurement of digital literacy among older adults: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(2), e26145. https://doi.org/10.2196/26145

Olsson et al., 2019a Olsson, T. , Samuelsson, U. , & Viscovi, D. (2019a). At risk of exclusion? Degrees of ICT access and literacy among senior citizens. Information, Communication & Society, 22(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1355007

Olsson et al., 2019b Olsson, T. , Samuelsson, U. , & Viscovi, D. (2019b). Resources and repertoires: Elderly online practices. European Journal of Communication, 34(1), 38–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323118810852

Olsson and Viscovi, 2018 Olsson, T. , & Viscovi, D. (2018). Warm experts for elderly users: Who are they and what they do? Human Technology, 14(3), 324–342. https://doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.201811224836

O’ Sullivan et al., 2021 O'Sullivan, R. , Burns, A. , Leavey, G. , Leroi, I. , Burholt, V. , Lubben, J. , Holt-Lunstad, J. , Victor, C. , Lawlor, B. , Vilar-Compte, M. , Perissinotto, C. M. , Tully, M. A. , Sullivan, M. P. , Rosato, M. , Power, J. M. , Tiilikainen, E. , & Prohaska, T. R. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on loneliness and social isolation: A multi-country study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 9982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199982

Ottersen, 2010 Ottersen, O. P. (2010). How hardwired is the brain? Technological advances provide new insight into brain malleability and neurotransmission. Nutrition Reviews, 68(2), S60–S64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00350.x

Peace et al., 2007 Peace, S. , Dittmann-Kohli, F. , Westerhof, G. J. , & Bond, J. (2007). The ageing world. In J. Bond , S. Peace , F. Dittmann-Kohli , & G. Westerhof (Eds.), Ageing in society. European perspectives on gerontology (3rd ed., pp. 1–14). Sage Publications.

Peteri, 2006 Peteri, V. (2006). Mediaksi kotiin. Tutkimus teknologioiden kotouttamisesta. Doctoral dissertation, Tampere University, Finland. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951-44-6806-6

Pew Research Center, 2021a Pew Research Center . (2021, April). 7% of Americans don't use the internet. Who are they? https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/04/02/7-of-americans-dont-use-the-internet-who-are-they/

Pew Research Center, 2021b Pew Research Center . (2021, August). Some digital divides persist between rural, urban and suburban America. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/08/19/some-digital-divides-persist-between-rural-urban-and-suburban-america/

Pew Research Center, 2021c Pew Research Center . (2021, September). The internet and the pandemic. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/09/01/the-internet-and-the-pandemic/

Phillipson and Baars, 2007 Phillipson, C. , & Baars, C. (2007). Social theory and social aging. In J. Bond , S. Peace , F. Dittmann-Kohli , & G. Westerhof (Eds.), Ageing in society. European perspectives on gerontology (3rd ed., pp. 68–84). Sage Publications.

Philogè ne and Deaux, 2001 Philogène, G. , & Deaux, K. (2001). Introduction. In K. Deaux & G. Philogène (Eds.), Representations of the social. Bridging theoretical traditions (pp. 3–7). Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Pihlainen et al., 2016 Pihlainen, K. , Kärnä, E. , & Tukiainen, M. (2016). Practical nurses' competency and perceptions of technology use in home care. In S. Järvelin-Pasanen (Ed.), NES2016—Ergonomics in theory and practice (pp. 55–58). Publications of the University of Eastern Finland.

Pirhonen et al., 2016 Pirhonen, J. , Ojala, H. , Lumme-Sandt, K. , & Pietilä, I. (2016). ‘Old but not that old’: Finnish community-dwelling people aged 90+ negotiating their autonomy. Ageing and Society, 36(8), 1625–1644. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X15000525

Pirhonen et al., 2019 Pirhonen, J. , Tuominen, K. , Jolanki, O. , & Jylhä, M. (2019). Hyvinvointi vanhuudessa—valmistautumista, sopeutumista, luopumista ja hyväksymistä. Gerontologia, 33(3), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.23989/gerontologia.79424

Pirttilä -Backman, 2012 Pirttilä-Backman, A.-M. (2012). Tiedon sosiaalipsykologia. In A. R. Lahikainen , E. Suoninen , I. Järventie , & M. Salonen (Eds.), Sosiaalipsykologian sukupolvet (pp. 166–178). Vastapaino.

Pirttilä -Backman and Helkama, 2001 Pirttilä-Backman, A.-M. , & Helkama, K. (2001). Serge Moscovici. Sosiaaliset representaatiot. In V. Hänninen , J. Partanen , & O.-H. Ylijoki (Eds.), Sosiaalipsykologian suunnannäyttäjiä (pp. 253–274). Vastapaino.

Poli, 2021 Poli, A. (2021). A divided old age through research on digital technologies. Doctoral Thesis, Linköping Studies in Arts and Sciences, No. 814, Linköping University, Sweden. http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1589053/FULLTEXT02.pdf

Pols, 2012 Pols, A. J. (2012). Care at distance: On the closeness of technology. Amsterdam University Press.

Portwood-Stacer, 2013 Portwood-Stacer, L. (2013). Media refusal and conspicuous non-consumption: The performative and political dimensions of Facebook abstention. New Media & Society, 15(7), 1041–1057. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812465139

Prime Minister’ s Office, 2015 Prime Minister's Office . (2015). Finland, a land of solutions. Strategic Programme of Prime Minister Juha Sipilä's Government, 29 May 2015. Government Publications 12/2015. https://vm.fi/en/publication?pubid=6407

Pruchno, 2019 Pruchno, R. (2019). Technology and aging: An evolving partnership. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny153

Ptaszek, 2019 Ptaszek, G. (2019). Media literacy outcomes, measurement. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of media literacy (Vol. 2, pp. 1067–1078). Wiley Blackwell.

Punie, 2013 Punie, Y. (2013). Preface. In A. Ferrari (Ed.), DIGCOMP: A framework for developing and understanding digital competence in Europe (p. 2). European Commission, Joint Research Centre–Institute for Prospective Technological Studies. https://doi.org/10.2788/52966

Qi et al., 2019 Qi, Z. , Han, M. , Wang, Y. , de Los Angeles, C. , Liu, Q. , Garel, K. , San Chen, E. , Whitfield-Gabrieli, S. , Gabrieli, J. D. E. , & Perrachione, T. K. (2019). Speech processing and plasticity in the right hemisphere predict variation in adult foreign language learning. NeuroImage, 192, 76–87.

Quinn, 2021 Quinn, K. (2021). Social media and social wellbeing in later life. Ageing and Society, 41(6), 1349–1370. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X19001570

Ramos Garcia et al., 2021 Ramos Garcia, K. , Rodrigues, L. , Pereira, L. , Busse, G. , Irbe, M. , Almada, M. , Christensen, C. , Midão, L. , Dias, I. , Heery, D. , Hardy, R. , Quarta, B. , Poulain, M. M. , Bertram, M. , Karnikowski, M. , & Costa, E. (2021). Improving the digital skills of older adults in a COVID-19 pandemic environment. Educational Gerontology, 47(5), 196–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2021.1905216

Rasi, 2018 Rasi, P. (2018). Internet nonusers. In B. Warf (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of the internet (Vol. 2, pp. 532–539). Sage Publications Ltd.

Rasi, 2021 Rasi, P. (2021). On the margins of digitalization. The social construction of older people and the internet. Doctoral dissertation, University of Eastern Finland. eRepo https://erepo.uef.fi/handle/123456789/25307

Rasi, 2022 Rasi, P. (2022). “Behind the Digi-God's back”: Social representations of older people's digital competences and internet use in regional Finnish newspapers. Ageing and Society, 42(4), 829–848. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X20001269

Rasi and Kilpeläinen, 2015 Rasi, P. , & Kilpeläinen, A. (2015). The digital competences and agency of older people living in rural villages in Finnish Lapland. Seminar.net. International Journal of Media, Technology & Lifelong Learning, 11(2), 149–160.

Rasi et al., 2021a Rasi, P. , Lindberg, J. , & Airola, E. (2021). Older service users' experiences of learning to use eHealth applications in sparsely populated health care settings in Northern Sweden and Finland. Educational Gerontology, 47(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2020.1851861

Rasi and O’ Neil, 2014 Rasi, P. , & O'Neil, C. (2014). Dinosaurs and fossils living without dangerous tools: Social representations of computers and the internet by elderly Finnish and American non-users. Seminar.net. International Journal of Media, Technology & Lifelong Learning, 10(1), 55–72.

Rasi and Taipale, 2021 Rasi, P. , & Taipale, S. (2021). Tuki, ohjaus ja koulutus—ikääntyneet digitalisoituvassa mediayhteiskunnassa. Gerontologia, 34(4), 328–332. https://journal.fi/gerontologia/article/view/99601

Rasi et al., 2021b Rasi, P. , Vuojärvi, H. , & Rivinen, S. (2021). Promoting media literacy among older people: A systematic review. Adult Education Quarterly, 71(1), 37–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713620923755

Rasi et al., 2019 Rasi, P. , Vuojärvi, H. , & Ruokamo, H. (2019). Editorial. Media education for all ages. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 11(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.23860/JMLE-2019-11-2-1

Räty and Kasanen, 2014 Räty, H. , & Kasanen, K. (2014). Mistä puhutaan, kun puhutaan älykkyydestä? In L. Myyry , S. Ahola , M. Ahokas & I. Sakki (Eds.), Arkiajattelu, tieto ja oikeudenmukaisuus (pp. 32–52). Sosiaalitieteiden laitoksen julkaisuja 2014: 18. Helsingin yliopisto, sosiaalitieteiden laitos.

Reeder et al., 2013 Reeder, B. , Meyer, E. , Lazar, A. , Chaudhuri, S. , Thompson, H. J. , & Demiris, G. (2013). Framing the evidence for health smart homes and home-based consumer health technologies as a public health intervention for independent aging: A systematic review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 82(7), 565–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2013.03.007

Reisdorf and Groselj, 2015 Reisdorf, B. , & Groselj, D. (2015). Internet (non-)use types and motivational access: Implications for digital inequalities research. New Media & Society, 19(8), 1157–1176. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815621539

Reisdorf et al., 2021 Reisdorf, B. , Petrovčič, A. , & Grošelj, A. (2021). Going online on behalf of someone else: Characteristics of internet users who act as proxy users. New Media & Society, 23(8), 2409–2429. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820928051

Reynolds and Leeder, 2019 Reynolds, R. B. , & Leeder, C. (2019). Digital divide and web-use skills. In R. Hobbs & P. Mihailidis (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of media literacy (Vol. 1, pp. 332–343). Wiley Blackwell.

Rice and Haythornthwaite, 2009 Rice, D. E. , & Haythornthwaite, C. (2009). Perspectives on internet use: Access, involvement and interaction. In L. A. Lievrouw & S. Livingstone (Eds.), The handbook of new media. Social shaping and social consequences of ICTs (Updated student ed.) (pp. 92–113). Sage Publications Ltd.

Richardson, 2018 Richardson, J. (2018). I am connected: New approaches to supporting people in later life online. Good Things Foundation and Centre for Ageing Better. https://bit.ly/3sA4IGN

Richardson et al., 2005 Richardson, M. , Weaver, C. K. , & Zorn, T. E., Jr. (2005). ‘Getting on’: Older New Zealanders' perceptions of computing. New Media & Society, 7(2), 219–245. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444805050763

Rivinen, 2020 Rivinen, S. (2020). Media education for older people—Views of stakeholders. Educational Gerontology, 46(4), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2020.1725307

Rivinen, 2021 Rivinen, S. (2021). Developing media literacy geragogy for older people through design-based research. Doctoral dissertation, University of Lapland, Lauda. https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-337-288-7

Robbins-Ruszkowski, 2013 Robbins-Ruszkowski, J. C. (2013). Challenging marginalization at the universities of the third age in Poland. Anthropology & Aging Quarterly, 34(2), 157–169. https://doi.org/10.5195/aa.2013.18

Rosenberg and Nimrod, 2021 Rosenberg, D. , & Nimrod, G. (2021). Size matters: Locality of residence and media use in later life. Ageing and Society, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X21000143

Saaranen-Kauppinen, 2012 Saaranen-Kauppinen, A. (2012). Käsitykset sosiaalisista taidoista tekniikan alalla. Doctoral dissertation, University of Eastern Finland. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-61-0753-0

Saarenmaa, 2020 Saarenmaa, K. (2020, February 14). Päivittäisestä mediakattauksesta löytyy jokaiselle jotain digikuilun molemmin puolin. Tieto & Trendit. Tilastokeskus. https://bit.ly/2QNGKdf

Saari, 2011 Saari, T. (2011). Media- ja kommunikaatioteknologiat. In A. Oulasvirta (Ed.), Ihmisen ja tietokoneen vuorovaikutus (pp. 232–256). Gaudeamus Helsinki University Press.

Saari and Sä ntti, 2018 Saari, A. , & Säntti, J. (2018). The rhetoric of the ‘digital leap’ in Finnish educational policy documents. European Educational Research Journal, 17(3), 442–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904117721373

Sacco, 1995 Sacco, V. F. (1995). Media constructions of crime. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 539(1), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716295539001011

Sakki, 2010 Sakki, I. (2010). A success story or a failure? Representing the European integration in the curricula and textbooks of five countries. Doctoral dissertation, University of Helsinki, Helda. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-10-6424-1

Sakki and Menard, 2014 Sakki, I. , & Menard, R. (2014). Ankkurointi, naturalisointi ja muutos sosiaalisten representaatioiden tutkimuksessa. In L. Myyry , S. Ahola , M. Ahokas , & I. Sakki (Eds.), Arkiajattelu, tieto ja oikeudenmukaisuus (pp. 68–91). Sosiaalitieteiden laitoksen julkaisuja 2014: 18. Helsingin yliopisto, sosiaalitieteiden laitos.

Salomaa and Palsa, 2019 Salomaa, S. , & Palsa, L. (2019). Media literacy in Finland. National media education policy. Publications of the Ministry of Education and Culture: 39. https://medialukutaitosuomessa.fi/mediaeducationpolicy.pdf

Sankari, 2004 Sankari, A. (2004). Ikääntyviä tietoyhteiskunnassa: Kulttuuriset ajattelutavat ja sosiaalinen tila. Minerva.

Savela et al., 2017 Savela, N. , Turja, T. , & Oksanen, A. (2017). Social acceptance of robots in different occupational fields: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Social Robotics, 10, 493–502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-017-0452-5

Sayago, 2019 Sayago, S. (2019). Editorial introduction—Perspectives on HCI research with older people. In S. Sayago (Ed.), Perspectives on human-computer interaction research with older people (pp. 3–20). Springer.

Schä ffer, 2007 Schäffer, B. (2007). The digital literacy of seniors. Research in Comparative and International Education, 2(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2007.2.1.29

Schauer, 2002 Schauer, T. (2002). Internet refusers: A risk to the digital economy? In B. Stanford-Smith , E. Chiozza , & M. Edin (Eds.), Challenges and achievements in e-business and e-work (pp. 45–51). IOS Press.

Scheerder et al., 2019 Scheerder, A. J. , van Deursen, A. J. , & van Dijk, J. A. (2019). Internet use in the home: Digital inequality from a domestication perspective. New Media & Society, 21, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819844299

Schlomann et al., 2020 Schlomann, A. , Seifert, A. , Zank, S. , Woopen, C. , & Rietz, C. (2020). Use of information and communication technology (ICT) devices among the oldest-old: Loneliness, anomie, and autonomy. Innovation in Aging, 4(2), igz050. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz050

Schneider and Ingram, 2008 Schneider, A. L. , & Ingram, H. (2008). Social constructions in the study of public policy. In J. A. Holstein & J. F. Gubrium (Eds.), Handbook of constructionist research (pp. 189–211). The Guilford Press.

Scott and Marshall, 2009 Scott, J. , & Marshall, G. (Eds.). (2009). Oxford Dictionary of sociology (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.

Seifert and Cotton, 2020 Seifert, A. , & Cotton, S. R. (2020). In care and digitally savvy? Modern ICT use in long-term care institutions. Educational Gerontology, 46(8), 473–485. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2020.1776911

Seifert et al., 2018 Seifert, A. , Hofer, M. , & Rössel, J. (2018). Older adults' perceived sense of social exclusion from the digital world. Educational Gerontology, 44(12), 775–785. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2019.1574415

Selkä l ä et al., 2016 Selkälä, A. , Viinamäki, L. , Suikkanen, A. , & Vasari, P. (2016). e-Kansalaisuus syrjäseudulla: Internetin käyttökokemuksia Lapista. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka, 81(3), 332–342. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2016060813387

Selwyn, 2003a Selwyn, N. (2003a). Doing IT for the kids: Re-examining children, computers and the ‘information society’. Media, Culture & Society, 25(3), 351–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443703025003004

Selwyn, 2003b Selwyn, N. (2003b). Apart from technology: Understanding people's non-use of information and communication technologies in everyday life. Technology in Society, 25(1), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-791X(02)00062-3

Selwyn, 2006 Selwyn, N. (2006). Digital division or digital decision? A study of non-users and low-users of computers. Poetics, 34(4–5), 273–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2006.05.003

Sentell et al., 2018 Sentell, T. , Pitt, R. , Okan, O. , Manganello, J. , Massey, P. , Davis, J. , Taira, D. , Davis, J. , McFarlane, E. , & Davis, T. (2018). Social health literacy: Existing evidence, research gaps, and future directions. The European Journal of Public Health, 28(Suppl. 4), 28. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky213.071

Seppä nen and V ä liverronen, 2013 Seppänen, J. , & Väliverronen, E. (2013). Mediayhteiskunta. Vastapaino.

Sihvo et al., 2017 Sihvo, P. , Koskela, T. , Nykänen, J. , Tarkiainen, A. , Krohns, J. , Kiviniemi, T. , Pihlainen, K. , & Kärnä, E. (2017). Teknologiaa ikäihmisen hyvän arjen osaksi IkäOte-hankkeessa. IkäNYT! AgeNOW!, 2. https://ikanyt.karelia.fi/2017/11/13/ikaote/

Silver, 2014 Silver, M. (2014). Socio-economic status over the lifecourse and internet use in older adulthood. Ageing and Society, 34(6), 1019–1034. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X12001420

Silverstein, 2014 Silverstein, M. (2014). Afterword. A view from gerontology. In C. L. Harrington , D. B. Bielby , & A. R. Bardo (Eds.), Aging, media, and culture (pp. 211–216). Lexington Books.

Silverstone, 2006 Silverstone, R. (2006). Domesticating domestication: Reflections on the life of a concept. In T. Berker , M. Hartmann , Y. Punie , & K. J. Ward (Eds.), Domestication of media and technologies (pp. 229–248). Open University Press.

Silverstone and Haddon, 1996 Silverstone, R. , & Haddon, L. (1996). Design and domestication of information and communication technologies: Technical change and everyday life. In R. Silverstone & R. Mansell (Eds.), Communication by design (pp. 44–74). Oxford University Press.

Silverstone and Hirsch, 1992 Silverstone, R. , & Hirsch, E. (Eds.). (1992). Consuming technologies. Media and information in domestic spaces. Routledge.

Silverstone et al., 1992 Silverstone, R. , Hirsch, E. , & Morley, D. (1992). Information and communication technologies and the moral economy of the household. In R. Silverstone & E. Hirsch (Eds.), Consuming technologies: Media and information in domestic spaces (pp. 115–131). Routledge.

Singh, 2015 Singh, R. S. (2015). Older people and constant contact media. In D. Prendergast & C. Garattini (Eds.), Aging and the digital life course (pp. 63–83). Berghahn Books.

Slack and Wise, 2009 Slack, J. D. , & Wise, M. J. (2009). Cultural studies and communication technology. In L. A. Lievrouw & S. Livingstone (Eds.), The handbook of new media. Social shaping and social consequences of ICTs (Updated student ed.) (pp. 141–162). Sage Publications Ltd.

Sourbati, 2009 Sourbati, M. (2009). ‘It could be useful, but not for me at the moment’: Older people, internet access and e-public service provision. New Media & Society, 11(7), 1083–1100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809340786

Spann and Stewart, 2018 Spann, A. , & Stewart, E. (2018). Barriers and facilitators of older people's mHealth usage: A qualitative review of older people. Human Technology, 14(3), 264–296. https://doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.201811224834

Spence and Lachlan, 2016 Spence, P. R. , & Lachlan, K. A. (2016). Reoccurring challenges and emerging threats: Crises and the new Millennium. In A. Schwarz , M. W. Seeger , & C. Auer (Eds.), The handbook of international crisis communication research (pp. 302–316). Wiley-Blackwell.

Statistics Finland, 2020 Statistics Finland . (2020). Use of information and communications technology by individuals 2020. https://bit.ly/31t5Tff

Stockwell et al., 2020 Stockwell, S. , Stubbs, B. , Jackson, S. E. , Fisher, A. , Yang, L. , & Smith, L. (2020). Internet use, social isolation and loneliness in older adults. Aging & Society, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X20000550

Strand and Lä hteenmaa, 2010 Strand, T. , & Lähteenmaa, J. (2010). Rahapelaaminen – Sairaan hauskaa? Media & viestintä, 33(4), 97–108.

Suto, 2013 Suto, H. (2013). Robot literacy. An approach for sharing society with intelligent robots. International Journal of Cyber Society and Education, 6(2), 139–144.

Syvertsen, 2017 Syvertsen, T. (2017). Media resistance: Protest, dislike, abstention. Palgrave.

Syvertsen and Enli, 2020 Syvertsen, T. , & Enli, G. (2020). Digital detox: Media resistance and the promise of authenticity. Convergence, 26(5–6), 1269–1283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856519847325

Szabo et al., 2019 Szabo, A. , Allen, J. , Stephens, C. , & Alpass, F. (2019). Longitudinal analysis of the relationship between purposes of internet use and well-being among older adults. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 58–68. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny036

Taipale, 2019 Taipale, S. (2019). Warm experts 2.0. In S. Taipale (Ed.), Intergenerational connections in digital families (pp. 59–73). Springer.

Taipale and Fortunati, 2018 Taipale, S. , & Fortunati, L. (2018). Communicating with machines: Robots as the next new media. In A. L. Guzman (Ed.), Human-machine communication: Rethinking communication, technology, and ourselves (pp. 201–219). Peter Lang.

Taipale et al., 2015 Taipale, S. , Luca, F. D. , Sarrica, M. , & Fortunati, L. (2015). Robot shift from industrial production to social reproduction. In J. Vincent , S. Taipale , B. Sapio , G. Lugano , & L. Fortunati (Eds.), Social robots from a human perspective (pp. 11–24). Springer.

Taipale et al., 2018 Taipale, S. , Wilska, T.-A. , & Gilleard, C. (2018). Introduction. In S. Taipale , T.-A. Wilska , & C. Gilleard (Eds.), Digital technologies and generational identity. ICT usage across the life course (pp. 1–8). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Talsi, 2014 Talsi, N. (2014). Kodin koneet, teknologioiden kotouttaminen, käyttö ja vastustus [Mundane machines: Domesticating, using and opposing technologies]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Eastern Finland. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-61-1376-0

Talsi and Tuuva-Hongisto, 2007 Talsi, N. , & Tuuva-Hongisto, S. (2007). Teknologinen imperatiivi ja paikallinen teknologiapolitiikka. Tiedepolitiikka, 2, 49–56.

Teodorescu and Chiribucă , 2022 Teodorescu, A. , & Chiribucă, D. (2022). Introduction. Ageing matters: A constructivist perspective. In A. Teodorescu & D. Chiribucă (Eds.), Shaping ageing. Social transformations and enduring meanings (pp. 1–10). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Tetley et al., 2015 Tetley, J. , Holland, C. , Waights, V. , Hughes, J. , Holland, S. , & Warren, S. (2015). Exploring new technologies through playful peer-to-peer engagement in informal learning. In D. Prendergast & C. Garattini (Eds.), Aging and the digital life course (pp. 39–62). Berghahn Books.

Tilastokeskus, 2010 Tilastokeskus . (2010). Tieto- ja viestintätekniikan käyttö 2010 [Use of information and communication technologies by individuals in 2010]. https://bit.ly/3syo5A9

Tilastokeskus, 2014 Tilastokeskus . (2014). Väestön tieto- ja viestintätekniikan käyttö 2014 [Use of information and communication technologies by individuals in 2014]. https://bit.ly/39lINM8

Tilastokeskus, 2017 Tilastokeskus . (2017). Digitaalisten pelien pelaaminen nelinkertaistunut 25 vuodessa. https://bit.ly/31wYcoc

Tilastokeskus, 2020 Tilastokeskus . (2020). Väestön tieto- ja viestintätekniikan käyttö 2020 [Use of information and communication technologies by individuals in 2020]. https://bit.ly/2O1iHGz

Tilastokeskus, 2021 Tilastokeskus . (2021). Väestön tieto- ja viestintätekniikan käyttö 2021 [Use of information and communication technologies by individuals in 2021]. https://www.stat.fi/til/sutivi/2021/sutivi_2021_2021-11-30_fi.pdf

Timonen and Lolich, 2019 Timonen, V. , & Lolich, L. (2019). ‘The poor carer’: Ambivalent social construction of the home care worker in elder care services. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 62(7), 728–748. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2019.1640334

Ting, 2016 Ting, C. (2016). The role of awareness in internet non-use: Experiences from rural China. Information Development, 32(3), 327–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666914550425

Toczyski et al., 2019 Toczyski, P. , Kowalski, J. , & Biele, C. (2019, April 16). Proxy users enable older people creative writing on the web. Frontiers of Sociology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2019.00015

Tourneau, 2020 Tourneau, F.-M. (2020). Sparsely populated regions as a specific geographical environment. Journal of Rural Studies, 75(April), 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.12.012

Tsatsou, 2022 Tsatsou, P. (2022). Editor's introduction. New Media & Society, 24(2), 271–278. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211063175

Tulle, 2004 Tulle, E. (Ed.). (2004). Old age and agency. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Turja, 2020 Turja, T. (2020). Robotin roolit hoitajien silmin. In T. Särkikoski , T. Turja , & J. Parviainen (Eds.), Robotin hoiviin? Yhteiskuntatieteen ja filosofian näkökulmia palvelurobotiikkaan (pp. 149–184). Vastapaino.

Turja et al., 2020 Turja, T. , Aaltonen, I. , Taipale, S. , & Oksanen, A. (2020). Robot acceptance model for care (RAM-care): A principled approach to the intention to use care robots. Information & Management, 57(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103220

UNESCO, 2018 UNESCO . (2018). A global framework of reference on digital literacy skills for indicator 4.4.2. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Information Paper No. 51. http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/ip51-global-framework-reference-digital-literacy-skills-2018-en.pdf

Uotila et al., 2010 Uotila, H. , Lumme-Sandt, K. , & Saarenheimo, M. (2010). Lonely older people as a problem in society—Construction in Finnish media. International Journal of Ageing and Later Life, 5(2), 103–130. https://doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.1052103

Urban, 2017 Urban, M. (2017). ‘This really takes it out of you!’ The senses and emotions in digital health practices of the elderly. Digital Health, 3, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055207617701778

Vaarama and Ollila, 2009 Vaarama, M. , & Ollila, K. (2009). Koettu hyvinvointi ja elämänlaatu kolmannessa iässä. In P. Moisio , S. Karvonen , J. Simpura , & M. Heikkilä (Eds.), Suomalaisten hyvinvointi 2008 (pp. 116–139). Stakes.

Valenta, 2013 Valenta, L. (2013). The CARER+ digital competence framework for care workers and caregivers. https://yowomo2.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/carerplus_d2-2_competence-framework_final_v2.pdf

Valenta et al., 2013 Valenta, L. , Pérez-García, M. , Suba, E. , Warburton, S. , & Ziegler, P. (2013). CARER+: Towards a digital competence framework for care workers in domiciliary care. In M. R. Paulsen & A. Szűcs (Eds.), Proceedings of the European Distance and E-Learning Network 2013 Annual Conference (pp. 589–601), The European Distance and E-Learning Network, Oslo, 12–15 June, 2013. https://proceedings.eden-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Annual_2013_Oslo_Proceedings_ISSN.pdf

Valkenburg et al., 2022 Valkenburg, P. M. , van Driel, I. I. , & Beyens, I. (2022). The associations of active and passive social media use with well-being: A critical scoping review. New Media & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211065425

Valtioneuvoston kanslia, 2006 Valtioneuvoston kanslia . (2006). Kansallinen tietoyhteiskuntastrategia 2007–2015. Uudistuva, ihmisläheinen ja kilpailukykyinen Suomi. https://bit.ly/2O5pgrO

Valtioneuvoston kanslia, 2015 Valtioneuvoston kanslia . (2015, September 4). Kärkihanke: Osaaminen ja koulutus. https://bit.ly/39l1ijt

Valtioneuvoston tiedepaneeli, 2020 Valtioneuvoston tiedepaneeli . (2020, June 1). COVID-19 -kriisin haitallisten vaikutusten ehkäiseminen kestävän kehityksen periaatteiden mukaisesti. Tiedepaneelin vastaukset valmisteluryhmän kysymyksiin. Valtioneuvoston COVID-19-tiedepaneelin raportti. https://bit.ly/3dhQ4xs

Valtiovarainministeriö & Digi- ja väestötietovirasto, 2020a Valtiovarainministeriö & Digi- ja väestötietovirasto . (2020a). Digitaitokartoitus – Digitaalinen kysely. Valtiovarainministeriö. https://bit.ly/3w7VdRg

Valtiovarainministeriö & Digi- ja väestötietovirasto, 2020b Valtiovarainministeriö & Digi- ja väestötietovirasto . (2020b). Digitaitokartoitus – Puhelinhaastattelut ja digitaitotasot. Valtiovarainministeriö.

Van Aerschot and Parviainen, 2020 Van Aerschot, L. , & Parviainen, J. (2020). Robots responding to care needs? A multitasking care robot pursued for 25 years, available products offer simple entertainment and instrumental assistance. Ethics and Information Technology, 22, 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-020-09536-0

van Deursen and Helsper, 2015a van Deursen, A. J. , & Helsper, E. J. (2015a). A nuanced understanding of internet use and non-use among the elderly. European Journal of Communication, 30(2), 171–187. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323115578059

van Deursen and Helsper, 2015b van Deursen, A. J. , & Helsper, E. J. (2015b). The third-level digital divide: Who benefits most from being online? Communication and Information Technologies Annual: Digital Distinctions and Inequalities Studies in Media and Communications, 10, 29–53.

van Deursen and van Dijk, 2010 van Deursen, A. J. , & van Dijk, A. (2010). Internet skills and the digital divide. New Media & Society, 13(6), 893–911. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810386774

van Deursen and van Dijk, 2014 van Deursen, A. J. , & van Dijk, A. (2014). The digital divide shifts to differences in usage. New Media & Society, 16(3), 507–526. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813487959

van Deursen and van Dijk, 2015 van Deursen, A. J. , & van Dijk, J. A. (2015). Internet skill levels increase, but gaps widen: A longitudinal cross-sectional analysis (2010–2013) among the Dutch population. Information, Communication & Society, 18(7), 782–797. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.994544

van Deursen and van Dijk, 2019 van Deursen, A. J. , & van Dijk, A. (2019). The first-level digital divide shifts from inequalities in physical access to inequalities in material access. New Media & Society, 16(3), 507–526. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818797082

van Deursen et al., 2020 van Deursen, A. J. A. M. , van Dijk, J. A. G. M. , & Haan, J. (2020). Determinants of 21st-century skills and 21st-century digital skills for workers: A systematic literature review. Sage Open, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900176

van Dijk and Hacker, 2003 van Dijk, J. , & Hacker, K. (2003). The digital divide as a complex and dynamic phenomenon. The Information Society, 21(2), 354–375.

van Laar et al., 2019 van Laar, E. , van Deursen, A. J. A. M. , van Dijk, J. A. G. M. , & Haan, J. (2019). The sequential and conditional nature of 21st-century digital skills. International Journal of Communication, 13, 3462–3487. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335110053_The_Sequential_and_Conditional_Nature_of_21st-Century_Digital_Skills

Vartanova and Gladkova, 2019 Vartanova, E. , & Gladkova, A. (2019). New forms of the digital divide. In J. Trappel (Ed.), Digital media inequalities: Policies against divides, distrust and discrimination (pp. 193–213). Nordicom. https://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1535724/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Vehko et al., 2019 Vehko, T. , Ruotsalainen, S. , & Hyppönen, H. (Eds.). (2019). E-health and e-welfare of Finland. Check point 2018. Report 7/2019. National Institute for Health and Welfare. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-343-326-7

Vercelli et al., 2018 Vercelli, A. , Rainero, I. , Ciferri, L. , Boido, M. , & Pirri, F. (2018). Robots in elderly care. DigitCult—Scientific Journal on Digital Cultures, 2(2), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.4399/97888255088954

Vuorikari et al., 2016 Vuorikari, R. , Punie, Y. , Carretero, S. , & Van den Brande, L. (2016). DigComp 2.0: The digital competence framework for citizens. Update phase 1: The conceptual reference model. Publication Office of the European Union. https://bit.ly/3deLtwb

Wagner et al., 1999 Wagner, W. , Duveen, G. , Farr, R. , Jovchelovitch, S. , Lorenzi-Cioldi, F. , Marková, I. , & Rose, D. (1999). Theory and method of social representations. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 95–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-839X.00028

Wagner et al., 2010 Wagner, N. , Hassanein, K. , & Head, M. (2010). Computer use by older adults: A multi-disciplinary review. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 870–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.029

Wagner and Kronberger, 2001 Wagner, W. , & Kronberger, N. (2001). Killer tomatoes! Collective symbolic coping with biotechnology. In K. Deaux & G. Philogène (Eds.), Representations of the social. Bridging theoretical traditions (pp. 147–164). Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Wahlströ m, 2012 Wahlström, M. (2012). The digitalisation of social representations: The influence of the evolution of communication technology on the development of shared ideas. Doctoral dissertation, University of Helsinki, Helda. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-10-7654-1

Washer and Joffe, 2006 Washer, P. , & Joffe, H. (2006). The ‘hospital superbug’: Social representations of MRSA. Social Science & Medicine, 63(8), 2141–2152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.05.018

Westerhof and Tulle, 2007 Westerhof, G. J. , & Tulle, E. (2007). Meanings of ageing and old age: Discursive contexts, social attitudes and personal identities. In J. Bond , S. Peace , F. Dittmann-Kohli , & G. Westerhof (Eds.), Ageing in society. European perspectives on gerontology (3rd ed., pp. 235–254). Sage Publications.

Wherton et al., 2015 Wherton, J. , Sugarhood, P. , Procter, R. , & Greenhalgh, T. (2015). Designing technologies for social connection with older people. In D. Prendergast & C. Garattini (Eds.), Aging and the digital life course (pp. 107–124). Berghahn Books.

Wibeck, 2014 Wibeck, V. (2014). Social representations of climate change in Swedish lay focus groups: Local or distant, gradual or catastrophic? Public Understanding of Science, 23(2), 204–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662512462787

Wiliń ska and Cedersund, 2010 Wilińska, M. , & Cedersund, E. (2010). ‘Classic ageism’ or ‘brutal economy’? Old age and older people in the polish media. Journal of Aging Studies, 24(4), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2010.07.003

Wilska and Kuoppamä ki, 2018 Wilska, T.-A. , & Kuoppamäki, S.-M. (2018). Necessities to all? The role of ICT's in the everyday life of the middle-aged and elderly between 1999 and 2014. In S. Taipale , T.-A. Wilska , & C. Gilleard (Eds.), Digital technologies and generational identity. ICT usage across the life course (pp. 149–166). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Wilson et al., 2021 Wilson, E. , Gates, J. R. , Vijaykumar, S. , & Morgan, D. J. (2021). Understanding older adults' use of social technology and the factors influencing use. Ageing and Society. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X21000490

World Health Organization, 2016 World Health Organization . (2016). Global diffusion of eHealth: Making universal health coverage achievable. Report of the third global survey on eHealth. https://www.who.int/goe/publications/global_diffusion/en/

Wuyckens et al., 2021 Wuyckens, G. , Landry, N. , & Fastrez, P. (2021). Untangling media literacy, information literacy, and digital literacy: A systematic meta-review of core concepts in media education. Journal of Media Literacy Education Pre-Prints. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/jmle-preprints/20

Wyatt, 2021 Wyatt, S. (2021). Metaphors in critical internet and digital media studies. New Media & Society, 23(2), 406–416. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820929324

Yang and Du, 2021 Yang, J. , & Du, P. (2021). Gender, capital endowment and digital exclusion of older people in China. Ageing and Society, 41(11), 2502–2526. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X20000434

Ylä nne, 2015 Ylänne, V. (2015). Representations of ageing in the media. In J. Twigg & W. Martin (Eds.), Routledge handbook of cultural gerontology (pp. 369–376). Routledge International Handbooks.

Zaranis, 2021 Zaranis, N. (2021). Foreword. In A. Kalogiannidou , G. Natsiou , & M. Tsitouridou (Eds.), Robotics in early childhood education: Developing a framework for classroom activities (pp. xxiv–xxix). IGI Global.

Zavalloni, 2001 Zavalloni, M. (2001). E-motional memory and the identity system: Its interplay with representations of the social world. In K. Deaux & G. Philogène (Eds.), Representations of the social. Bridging theoretical traditions (pp. 285–304). Blackwell Publishers Ltd.