Active Seniors tool

, 122, 140

Age of acceleration

, 182

Age of digitization

, 182

Ageing population

, 15

Airbnb Experience

, 133, 236

evaluation of creative tourism activities offer in South Europe by

, 145–154

Amazon Mechanical Turk

, 201

ANIMART

, 81–82, 85

App creatour. pt

, 207

Application Programming Interface (API)

, 192–193

Aqueduct Project

, 188

ArcGIS Online

, 192–193

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

, 185

Artisans

, 122

Artists

, 122

Athens Retro Festival

, 82, 85

Augmented reality (AR)

, 180–181, 196, 206, 212

app by country and capital in Southern Europe

, 211

in smart mobile devices

, 195

Austria Contemporary Culture

, 55

Baby boomers

, 134–135

Barcelona Creativa

, 25

Best practices in creative tourism

case of Southern Europe

, 111–120

creative tourism cluster for South Europe

, 120–123

dynamics of creative tourism clusters

, 103–109

formula for building efficient clusters in creative tourism

, 111–120

research methodology

, 109–111

Bibliometric method

, 181

Big Data

, 182–183

dealing with

, 193–196

in environmental subject

, 188

Bing Maps

, 196

Blockchain technologies

, 197

Boomerang Generation. See Millennials

BuiltWith database

, 196

Bureaucracy

, 17

Business events

, 74

Centennials. See Generation Z

Cerdeira Village Art and Craft

, 21

Cloud computing (CC)

, 193–194, 196

Cloudlet Computing (CC)

, 195

Cluster concept

, 102, 104–105

analysis of network and

, 117–118

differences between cluster and network concepts

, 105

Cluster Istar 21

, 114, 116

Cluster Tourism Azores

, 111–114

Clúster Turismo de Galicia

, 115

Co-creation

, 12, 108

in tourism

, 8

Collaborative partnership stakeholders

, 76

Collaborative platform

, 234

Community

events

, 76

festivals

, 73

map

, 180

Community-based creative tourism

, 26

Consumer

, 133–134

Convention for Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage

, 42–44

Copenhagen travel guide app

, 210–212

Copernicus Project

, 187–188

Cosmopolitan Commuters

, 140

COVID-19 pandemic

, 1–2, 17, 41, 205–206, 224–225

COVIDSafe app

, 206

Creative activities in urban and rural territories of Southern Europe

, 46–50

Creative Austria

, 38, 55

180 Creative Camp

, 81, 83

Creative class

, 133

‘Creative consumers’

, 133–134

Creative Europe programme

, 73

Creative experiences

, 8–9

Creative industries

, 121

Creative tourism

, 1, 9, 36, 229

from complexity of tourism industry to requirements of new consumer

, 10–13

conceptual model of

, 28

creative activities in urban and rural territories of Southern Europe

, 46–50

creative tourism, sustainability and development

, 17–20

different research phases

, 39

digital economy and digital society

, 188–191

digital technology

, 182–188

evaluation of creative tourism activities offer in South Europe

, 145–154

experiences

, 147

experiences in South Europe

, 20–25

future research in

, 235–236

genesis of concept of creative tourism and general profile of tourists

, 13–17

genesis of creative tourism and evolution

, 10–20

geotechnologies and applications towards smart tourism

, 191–212

good and not-so-good practices in

, 110

good examples of creative activities offered in small cities and rural areas in Southern Europe

, 50–66

market

, 224

methodology

, 37–38

methodology

, 181–182

network

, 24, 134

new challenges for big cities and new opportunities to other territories

, 39–44

relevant facts about Southern Europe

, 44–46

rise of model to implementation

, 232–234

short-time strategies

, 230–232

steps for implementing collaborative platform

, 233–234

urban and rural territories play different role in

, 38–50

Creative Tourism activities

, 132–133

Creative Tourism Austria

, 38, 53, 56, 59

Creative tourism cluster

, 102–103

dynamics of

, 103–109

good practices in creative tourism and competitive destination

, 108–109

model of

, 121

for South Europe

, 120–123

understanding tourism clusters

, 103–108

Creative Tourism Destination Development in Small Cities and Rural Areas Project (CREATOUR Project)

, 2, 47, 193

Creative tourist

, 134, 141

concept and profile of

, 133, 136–137

evaluation of creative tourism activities offer in South Europe

, 145–154

international studies about profile of creative tourist

, 142–143

in Portugal

, 154–169

research methodology

, 144–145

roots of concept and segmentations

, 137, 139, 144

Creativity

, 35–36

CREATOUR Project

, 36–37, 57, 77, 88, 144, 207

Crowd4Roads

, 204

Crowdsensing

, 199–200

Crowdsourcing

, 180–181, 196, 199–200, 206

Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs)

, 210–212

Cultural associations

, 122

Cultural heritage

, 8

Cultural industries

, 121

Cultural practices

, 74–75

Cultural tourism

, 15

Culture

, 14

events

, 74

Current tourist

, 133–134

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

, 212

Depopulation

, 46

Desktop Geographic Information Systems

, 4

Development

, 17–20

Diamond Model

, 104

Digital economy

, 188–191

Digital Natives. See Generation Alpha

Digital society

, 188–191

Digital technology

, 180, 182, 186, 188

Digitalisation

, 4

Disability-inclusive development

, 80

Earth View

, 196

EasyFrascati

, 38, 50, 52–53

Economic expansion/economic growth

, 18–19

Edge computing

, 195–196

Electronic devices

, 180

Emotions

, 8

Encontrarte Amares

, 88–89, 93

Entertainment events

, 74

Entrepreneurs, creative

, 103

ESRI ArcGis

, 196

Ethical Travellers

, 140

European Capital of Culture (ECOC)

, 16

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)

, 198

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)

, 189

European Climatic Energy Mixes (ECEM)

, 187

European Cluster Collaboration Platform

, 109–111

tourism clusters in

, 112

European Copernicus Project

, 189

European Environment Agency

, 198

European Festival Association

, 77, 80–81, 83

ANIMART

, 85

Festival of Art

, 83

Freeing Fest

, 87

Sand Festival

, 86

Social Machinery Film Festival

, 84

European Organisation for Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)

, 189

European Space Agency (ESA)

, 189

European Textile Crafts Network Project (EUROTEX Project)

, 169

European Union (EU)

, 13, 182

EUROSTAT methodology

, 47

EuroTrip Planner

, 192–193

EuroVR Association

, 210

Event

, 72–74, 77

Event Management

, 76

Event tourism

, 71–72

Facebook

, 42, 182

Feelings

, 8

Festival of Art

, 81

Festival tourism

, 77

FestivalFinder. eu

, 73, 76

Festivals

, 72–74

Festivals Under 500 Attendees

, 77, 80, 83–84

Fog computing

, 195–196

France eMotion app

, 210

Freeing Fest

, 87

Frugal Generation. See Millennials

Furkot

, 192–193

Future research in creative tourism

, 235–236

Future Traveller Tribes 2030

, 140–141

Galicia Tourism Cluster

, 114

Gen Z. See Generation Z

Generation Alpha

, 132, 135

Generation X

, 135

Generation Y. See Millennials

Generations Alpha

, 3–4

Generations Z

, 3–4, 132, 135

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

, 3, 77, 180

Geotechnologies

, 180–181, 196

and applications towards smart tourism

, 191–212

GeoWeb applications and strategies

, 180–181, 196, 206

GetYourGuide

, 236

Global Clans

, 140

Global executives

, 140

Global Forest Change Project

, 188

Global Positioning System (GPS)

, 180, 196

Good practices

, 102, 110

in creative tourism and competitive destination

, 108–109

Google Earth

, 196

Google Maps

, 196–197

Google Play

, 207–208

Google Trends

, 182

Google Trips

, 192–193

Governance

, 12

Guideo

, 210

Hadoop

, 183

Helsinki

, 210

Heritage in Motion

, 210

Horizon 2020 Programme

, 46

Horizon Explorer AR

, 210

Immersive technologies

, 181

Impact analysis on development of small cities and rural areas

, 84–95

In-depth approach

, 38

Inclusiveness

, 12, 227–228

Industrial Creative Tourism of São João da Madeira

, 58

Information Technology (IT)

, 182

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

, 194–195

Instagram

, 42, 182

Institutions

, 229

International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

, 182

Internet

, 188–189

Internet Live Stats

, 188–189

Internet of Everything (IoE)

, 181–184, 188

Internet of Human (IoH)

, 183

Internet of Nanotechnology (IoNT)

, 183

Internet of Things (IoT)

, 181, 183–184

Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT)

, 50–51

Karlsruhe app

, 212

Knowledge

, 44

Knowledge and skills learners

, 139

Koroni Arts Festival

, 85

Laval Virtual

, 210

Leading players

, 107

Least developed countries (LDC)

, 190

LikeaLocal

, 236

Little Islands Festival

, 86

‘Little Islands Festival’

, 82

Ljubljana app

, 212

Local accommodation

, 121

Local community

, 120

Local community-based events

, 72

Local council

, 121–122

Local events

, 76

Local festivals

, 73

Local services

, 122

Local tourist offices

, 122

Local/regional scale

, 9

Location

, 204–205

Location-based tourist information access

, 192–193

Loulé Criativo

, 22–23

Luigi Nono Festival in Giudecca

, 84

Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M communications)

, 184

Map Making

, 199

Map mashups

, 180

MapQuest

, 192–193

Mediterranean region

, 78

Mega event

, 75

Millennials

, 3–4, 132, 135

Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC)

, 195

Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS)

, 203

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC)

, 195

Mobile gadgets

, 180

Municipal Master Plans

, 17

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

, 194

National Statistical Institute

, 38

Neogeography

, 180

Network

analysis of clusters and

, 117–118

differences between cluster and network concepts

, 105

Next Generation Internet (NGI)

, 187

Nice tourist office deliver several app

, 212

NoSQL databases

, 183

Novelty-Seekers

, 139

Obligation Meters

, 140

Operating system (OS)

, 207–208

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

, 183–184

Pandemic crisis

, 76

Partnerships

, 44

Paxos Festival

, 85

People-to-machine communication (P2M communication)

, 184

People-to-people communication (P2P communication)

, 184

Perceptive Sentinel Project

, 188

Peter Pan. See Millennials

Planned events

, 74

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)

, 194–195

‘Porter Diamond’s Model

, 106

Porter’s model

, 104

Portugal

, 78, 144

180 Creative Camp

, 83

Barcelos

, 119

creative tourist in

, 154–169

CREATOUR Project in

, 207

Encontrarte Amares

, 93

Festival of Art

, 83

impact analysis on development of small cities and rural areas

, 84–95

L Burro i L Gueiteiro’ Festival

, 92

Post-Millennials. See Generation Z

Post-tourism

, 228–229

Predominantly rural area

, 38

Predominantly urban area

, 38

Presential creative experiences

, 109

Producer

, 133–134

Property speculation

, 40

Prosumer

, 133

Public

, 75

‘Qualified consumers’

, 134

Qualitative method

, 36–37

Quality of tourist destinations

, 193

Quantitative method

, 36–37

Radio-frequency identification (RFID)

, 183–184

Relationships

, 44

Relax and leisure type travellers

, 140

Reward Hunters

, 140–141

Roadtrippers

, 192–193

‘Roman Hight Culinary’

, 227–228

Rural area

, 38

impact analysis on development of

, 84–95

Rural territories

location of

, 48

role in creative tourism

, 38–50

of Southern Europe

, 46–50

Sand Festival

, 86

São João da Madeira

, 53–59

Industrial Creative Tourism of

, 58

Scientometrics

, 181

Sensors

, 183

Seviqc Brežice

, 87

Short-time strategies

, 230–232

Simplicity Searchers

, 140

Small cities, impact analysis on development of

, 84–95

Small-scale festivals

, 74–76

analysis of Festivals Under 500 Attendees

, 77–80

examples in Southern Europe

, 77–82

global analysis

, 77–80

impact analysis on development of small cities and rural areas

, 84–95

methodology

, 76–77

Small-sized community festivals

, 72

Small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs)

, 210

Smart technology

, 192

Smart tourism

augmented reality

, 206–212

cloud computing

, 193–196

geotechnologies and applications towards

, 191–212

GeoWeb applications and strategies

, 196–206

Smartphones

, 180

SmartRoadSense project

, 203–204

Smittestopp app

, 206

Social Capital Seekers

, 141

Social evolution

, 9

Social Machinery Film Festival

, 84

Social media

, 42, 190

Social Network Analysis methodology

, 191

Social Network Service (SNS)

, 190–191

Social networks

, 180–182

Socio-demographic characteristics of respondents

, 154–157

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

, 194–195

South Europe

creative tourism experiences in

, 20–25

evaluation of creative tourism activities offer in South Europe

, 145–154

Southern Europe

, 44–46

Augmented Reality App by Country and Capital in

, 211

creative activities in urban and rural territories of

, 46–50

creative tourism cluster for South Europe

, 120–123

formula for building efficient clusters in creative tourism

, 111–120

good examples of creative activities offered in small cities and rural areas in

, 50–66

Map

, 209

small-scale festivals in

, 77–82

Spark

, 183

Sports events

, 74

State-of-the-art mobile technologies

, 181

STOP Corona! Crowdsourcing App

, 202

Supporting players

, 107

Sustainability

, 17, 20, 108

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 46, 80, 187

Teamwork

, 58–59

Technologies in tourism activity

, 180

Telecommunication services

, 188–189

Territorial agents

, 225

Territories

, 47

‘The Donkey and the Bagpiper’ Festival

, 89, 92

Think, Implement and Network model (TIN model)

, 4, 232

for creative tourism integrated approach

, 235

steps for implementing collaborative platform

, 233–234

Tourism

, 1, 8, 192

characteristics

, 102

demand

, 11

non-profit organisations

, 122

in postmodernity

, 228–229

segments

, 107

Tourism activity

, 8, 17

Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC)

, 226

Tourism clusters

, 102

elements

, 107

in European Cluster Collaboration Platform

, 112

understanding

, 103–108

Tourism Strategic Plans

, 78

‘Tourism Strategies 2027’

, 111

Tourists

, 132

general profile of

, 13–17

TraceTogether

, 206

Traditional Cretan Soap creation

, 148

Transportation

, 122

Trip Advisor

, 236

Trip planning tools

, 192–193

‘Triple revolution’

, 180

Twitter

, 42, 182

UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN)

, 39–40

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

, 193

Universities and tourism observatories

, 120

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)

, 201

URBACT platform

, 114

Urban area

, 38

Urban territories

location of

, 48

role in creative tourism

, 38–50

of Southern Europe

, 46–50

Urbanisation in developing world

, 40

User-generated content

, 183

Valencia intelligent city platform (VLCi platform)

, 212

Vallalta Experiències, Catalonia, Spain

, 63, 65–66

Vehicle-to-everything Communications (V2X Communications)

, 195

Viarco Factory

, 58–59

Virtual creative experiences

, 109

Virtual Creative Tourism

, 75

Virtual Reality (VR)

, 197, 207

Volunteer Geographic Information (VGI)

, 199

Waze [online mapping]

, 196

Web 3. 0 technologies

, 192–193, 197

Web development

, 180

Web GIS

, 197

Web Map

, 196–206

Web mapping

, 180–181, 197–198

Withlocals platform

, 236

Work of Art

, 227–228

World Around Me app

, 210

World Championship in Olive Picking in Postira, Brač, Croatia

, 60–61, 63

World Economic Forum

, 41

World Health Organisation (WHO)

, 40

World Wide Web (WWW)

, 196

YouTube

, 42, 236