Prelims

Natalie Glynn (Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Germany)

Youth Transitions Out of State Care: Being Recognized as Worthy of Care, Respect, and Support

ISBN: 978-1-80262-488-5, eISBN: 978-1-80262-487-8

Publication date: 2 May 2023

Citation

Glynn, N. (2023), "Prelims", Youth Transitions Out of State Care: Being Recognized as Worthy of Care, Respect, and Support, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xvii. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80262-487-820231009

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2023 Natalie Glynn


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Youth Transitions Out of State Care

Title Page

Youth Transitions Out of State Care: Being Recognized as Worthy of Care, Respect, and Support

by

Natalie Glynn

Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Germany

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2023

Copyright © 2023 Natalie Glynn.

Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.

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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-80262-488-5 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-80262-487-8 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-80262-489-2 (Epub)

Contents

Dedication ix
List of Figure and Tables xi
List of Abbreviations xiii
About the Author xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Chapter One: Introduction 1
Youth Transitions in Transformation 1
How Care Transitions are Different 4
Less Education, More Unemployment, and Greater Public Assistance 5
Housing Vulnerability and Early Family Formation 7
The Care-leaving Policy Landscape 8
Social Investment Versus Social Inclusion 8
Ireland: A Case Study in Social Investment Oriented Aftercare 10
Research Rationale 14
Turning the Narrative Away from a Focus on Negative Experiences 17
Structure of the Book 19
Chapter Two: A Theoretical Approach to Understanding the Transition Out of Care 21
Introduction 21
Identifying the Gap(s) in Current Understandings 21
Current Approaches in Leaving Care Literature 21
Structure and Agency in Youth Studies 24
Using Recognition, Precarity, and Liminality to Analyze Structure and Agency in the Transition Out of Care 27
Recognition Theory 27
Recognition in Society: Experiencing Precariousness 37
Youth as a Liminal Period 40
Integrating the Theoretical Framework 42
Conclusion 43
Chapter Three: Isaac's Path Through Education 45
Introduction 45
Background 46
The Value of Security 48
Time to Mature and Learn Adulthood 48
Creating a Liminal Space 50
The Double-edged Sword of Freedom 51
Being “Normal” 52
The Value of Relationships 52
The Value of Meaningful Activities 53
Ongoing Concerns and Recognizing Precarity 54
Contesting a Valued Life 56
Conclusion 57
Chapter Four: Jennifer's Struggles in Education 59
Introduction 59
Background 60
The Value of Security 61
Time to Mature and Learn Adulthood 61
The Double-edged Sword of Freedom 62
Control and Communication 65
Being “Normal” 67
The Value of Meaningful Activities 68
Being “Normal” Through Caring Relationships 68
Ongoing Concerns and Recognizing Precarity 70
Citizenship 70
Housing 71
Safety of Siblings 73
Conclusion 73
Chapter Five: Ethan's Path Through Homelessness 75
Introduction 75
Background 76
The Value of Security 77
A Liminal Time to “Figure Things Out” 79
Control and Communication 80
Seeking “Normal” 82
Doing Life “Properly” 82
The Value of Relationships 83
The Value of Meaningful Activities 85
A Precarious Existence: Living with Long-term Uncertainty 87
Rationing Support as Institutional Misrecognition 88
Communicating Care in Working Relationships 90
Conclusion 93
Chapter Six: Conclusions – Desiring Liminality and Institutional Recognition 95
Introduction 95
Understanding the Transition from Care as a Process in Time 95
Moving Beyond a Problem-focused Account of Leaving Care 97
Striving for Normal: Being Recognized as Respectable and Deserving 98
Negotiating Uncertainty: The Precarity of Freedom 102
Theorizing Leaving Care: Integrating Agency and Structure 104
Policy and Practice Recommendations 107
The Potential Synergies of Social Investment and Inclusion Policies 107
Study Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research 110
Concluding Remarks 111
Appendix 1: Types of Aftercare Housing Arrangements 113
Remaining in Placement 113
Supported Lodgings 113
Aftercare Designated Housing 114
Private-rented Accommodation 114
Appendix 2: Relevant Irish Welfare Benefits 115
Job Seeker's Allowance 115
Back-to-Education Allowance 115
Housing Assistance Payment 116
SUSI Grant 116
Medical Card 116
Appendix 3: Methodology 117
Introduction 117
Designing the Research 117
Epistemology 117
Qualitative Longitudinal Multi-case Study 118
Study Design: Choosing the Methods 122
Fieldwork 128
Field Entrée 128
Sampling and Recruitment 129
Data Collection 133
Data Analysis 141
Trustworthiness and Rigor 143
Conclusion 144
Appendix 4: The Irish Education System 145
Junior Cycle and Certificate 145
Senior Cycle and Leaving Certificates 146
Established Leaving Certificate 146
Leaving Certificate Vocational Programme 146
Leaving Certificate Applied 146
Further Education and Training 147
PLC Courses 147
Central Applications Office 147
Alternative Access Schemes 148
DARE Scheme 148
HEAR Scheme 148
Appendix 5: Immigration Information 151
References 153
Index 175

Dedication

This book is dedicated to the memory of Christian (pseudonym), a young man with much promise and ambition who generously shared his life with me throughout the year before his untimely death in 2018.

For Whom the Bell Tolls

No man is an island, entire of itself.

Every man is a piece of the continent,

A part of the main.

If a clod be washed away by the sea,

Europe is the less,

As well as if a promontory were,

As well as if a manor of thy friends

Or of thine own were.

Any man's death diminishes me,

Because I am involved in mankind.

And, therefore, never send to know for whom the bell tolls;

It tolls for thee.

— John Donne

List of Figure and Tables

Figure

Fig. 1. Concepts Underpinning the Theoretical Framework 42

Tables

Table 1. Selection of Leaving Care Policies Internationally 11
Table 2. Aftercare Policy Developments 13
Table 3. Integrating the Conceptual Framework 106
Table 4. Participation in Interviews by Phase of Study 132
Table 5. Participant Retention Overview 136

List of Abbreviations

CAO Central Applications Office
HAP Housing Assistance Payment
HSE Health Service Executive
ILP Independent Living Program
IT(s) Institute(s) of Technology
NEET Not in Employment, Education, or Training
OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
P1 Phase 1 interview
P2 Phase 2 interview
P3 Phase 3 interview
PLC Post-Leaving Certificate course
QLR Qualitative Longitudinal Research
STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
SUSI Student Universal Support Ireland
TSS Transition Support Services
UK United Kingdom
USA United States of America

About the Author

Natalie Glynn is a Lecturer and Research Officer in the Comparative Public Policy Research Group at the Institute of Political Science at the University of Tübingen. She was a Government of Ireland Postgraduate Scholar for the Irish Research Council from 2016 to 2019. She has also worked as an Evaluation Fellow at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. Prior to entering research, she was a sixth-grade science teacher at Todd County Middle School in Mission, South Dakota on the Rosebud Reservation, where she developed a passion for working with young people.

Acknowledgments

First, I would like to acknowledge the young women and men who participated in this study, without whom this work would not be possible. You shared your lives and stories with me, for which I am honored and appreciative. I would also like to thank the numerous professionals who gave of their time and supported me in making contact with the participants. Their efforts may often feel unseen, but I will forever remember their good works.

Second, there are many colleagues and academic sources of support that helped this book come to fruition. My doctoral supervisor, Dr. Paula Mayock, who took on a novice researcher from another continent with not much more to go on than an email, saw promise in me and my ideas, for which I am forever grateful. My current supervisor, Dr. Martin Seeleib-Kaiser saw fit to support me in publishing this work as a book, giving advice and encouragement throughout the proposal stage and writing process. I am also indebted to the careful reading, kind words, and thoughtful conversations of many friends at 30 Anglesea Street. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the funding that made this research possible. The School of Social Work and Social Policy first invested in my ideas through a studentship. Then, the Irish Research Council also saw merit in the work, funding the final three years.

Last, but certainly not least, I must acknowledge the loving support of my partner, Paul Wix. Having met on the beach of Inis Mór in the early days of my doctoral studies, our relationship has been a bulwark for me through the ebbs and flows of writing this book. I can say with certainty that without you I would not have finished, and I will be forever grateful for your companionship and care.