Accessibility

, 111

Accountability

, 84

Acupuncture

, 4–5

Allopathic medicine

, 9–10

Alt.health influencers

, 133–136

Alternative medicine

, 8–9, 158–159, 162–163

American Dream

, 97–100

American Medical Association (AMA)

, 17–18

Anti-Vaccination League

, 142–143

Anti-Vaccination Movement

, 141, 144–145, 151

Anti-vaccine messaging

, 146–147

Antipsychiatry movement

, 28–35

Anxiety

, 50–51

Ardell, Donald B.

, 51–56

Attention hacking

, 148

Authentic online users

, 148

Authenticity

, 23–24, 111

Autonomy

, 111

Ayurveda

, 3–4, 7

Baby boom

, 15–16

Beat Generation

, 23

Belaboured self

, 100–101

Berkeley Wellness Letter

, 57–58

Bio-hacking

, 159–160

Biofeedback

, 42

Biomedicine

, 9–10

Black Panther Party (BPP)

, 18–19

commitment to universal health care

, 20

health activism

, 19–20

Black revolution

, 17

Body as site of resistance

, 141–144

Body neutrality

, 159–160

Body positivity

, 159–160

Body sovereignty

, 78–79, 155

Camgirls

, 110

Cardiac crisis

, 67–68

Cartesian dualism

, 5–6

Celebrity wellness gurus

, 102–108

Gwyneth Paltrow

, 102–104

Oprah’s Prosperity Gospel

, 105–108

search for spiritual guidance

, 102

Center for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH)

, 149

Change Your Life Television

, 107–108

Chiropractic medicine

, 91

Chiropractic or osteopathy

, 8–9

Chiropractors

, 1–2

Christian Science

, 91, 116–117

Civil Rights Act of 1964

, 16

Civil rights movement

, 16–22

Class

, 16–17

Communes

, 23–24

Conscious community

, 139–140

Conspiracism

, 130–131

Conspirituality

, 130–141

Counterculture

, 11–12, 15–16

antipsychiatry movement

, 28–35

civil rights movement

, 16–22

hippie movement

, 23–28

human potential movement

, 35–39

COVID-19

conspiracies

, 130–141

infodemic

, 125–130

pandemic

, 12–13, 158–159

wicked problem

, 125–127

Culture of Narcissism

, 27–28, 155–156

Dark side of positive thinking

, 94–97

Death of Hippie, The

, 27–28

Depression

, 50–51

Detraditionalisation

, 83

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

, 34–35

Diet

, 68–69

Digital spaces

, 121–122

Diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine (DPT vaccine)

, 144–145

Disgust

, 138

Disinformation

, 115–116

architecture

, 146–148

profits from

, 149–150

tackling disinformation online

, 150–151

Disinformation Dozen

, 149

Doshas

, 3–4

Dunn, Halbert L. (father of wellness)

, 43–47

Eastern philosophy

, 37

Environmental Axis

, 45–46

Environmental sensitivity

, 55

Eudaimonia

, 6–7

Eudaimonia

, 98–99

European spa towns

, 8–9

Executive health

, 60–61

Exercise

, 68–69

Feminists

, 21–22

Fitness

culture

, 70–71

industry

, 66–73

Flower power

, 26

Gender

, 16–17

Gestalt therapy

, 37–38

Globalisation

, 83

Goop

, 102–104, 109–110

Haight-Ashbury neighbourhood in San Francisco, California

, 26–27

Happiness

, 63–64

Harm principle

, 142–143

Health

, 20–21, 44–45

Health Axis

, 45–46

Health Grid

, 45–47

Herbal remedies and practices

, 4–5

Herbalists

, 1–2

Hettler, Bill

, 56–60

High-level wellness

, 9–10, 44–45, 50–51

Hippie movement

, 22–23, 28, 38–39

Hippocratic Corpus

, 1–3

Hippocratic medicine

, 2–3, 6–7

Holism

, 4–5

Holistic health

, 44–45

Homeopathy

, 8–9, 91, 117, 121

Homoeopathists

, 1–2

Human potential movement

, 35, 38–39

Humoral therapy

, 2–3, 7

Hydropathy

, 91

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

, 71–72

Influencer

, 121–122

Institutionalisation

, 32–33

Internet

, 109, 113, 121, 124

medical misinformation to

, 116–121

wellness gurus and

, 109–113

Jogging

, 69–70

Johnson & Johnson’s LIVE FOR LIFE Programme

, 62–63

Law of Attraction

, 92–94

Liberty

, 141–144

Lifestyle guru

, 75–76, 84–85

Lockdown measures

, 129–130

Lone wolves

, 144–146

Low trust societies

, 7–8, 112

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

, 24–25

effects

, 26–27

Mainstream media (MSM)

, 127–128

Maslow’s theory of psychological health

, 36

Me Decade, The

, 27–28

Medical apartheid

, 19

Medical civil rights movement

, 17–18

Medical Committee for Civil Rights (MCCR)

, 17–18

Medical freedom

, 155

Medical misinformation to internet

, 116–121

Medical self-defence

, 19

Medical sexism

, 22

Meditation

, 3–4, 154–155

Mental illness

, 31–32

Metaphor

, 163–164

Microcelebrity

, 110, 112, 134–135

Mind-cure

, 89–90, 116–117

Mind–body dualism

, 37–38

Mind–body purification techniques

, 139

Misinformation

, 115–116

Modernity

, 83–84

Mood disorders

, 50–51

Moral supremacy

, 140

Mysticism

, 37

National Association for Public Health Statistics and Information Systems (NAPHSIS)

, 43–44

National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)

, 120–121

National Health Service (NHS)

, 120–121

National Wellness Institute (NWI)

, 57–58

Naturopaths

, 1–2

Naturopathy

, 8–9

Networked publics

, 145–146

New Thought Movement

, 89, 91, 116–117

Nutritional awareness

, 55

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

, 61–62

Oprah’s Prosperity Gospel

, 105–108

Osteopaths

, 1–2

Paltrow, Gwyneth (Queen of Clean)

, 102–104

Peak wellness

, 163–164

Personal truth

, 160–161

Philadelphia Association (PA)

, 28–29

Physical fitness

, 55, 69–70

Platform affordances

, 146–148

Poosh

, 109–110

Post-traditional society

, 83–84

Post-war America

, 66–69

Power of Positive Thinking, The

, 88–89

Prescience

, 37–38

Primodos

, 77–78

Print media

, 144–145

Profits from disinformation

, 149–150

Prosperity

, 93–94

Pseudoscience

, 116

Psychedelics

, 24–25, 162–163

Psychiatry

, 31–33

Psychodrama

, 37–38

Psychology

, 37

Public distrust

, 7–8

Pure relationship

, 101–102

Purity

, 141–144

paradigm

, 137–141

QAnon conspiracy theories

, 146–147

Qi gong

, 4–5

Racial minorities

, 19

Reason, Exuberance, Athleticism, Liberty (REAL)

, 55–56

Relatability

, 134–135

Risk society

, 83–84

Romantic impulse

, 77

#SavetheChildren hashtag

, 146–147

Schizophrenia

, 29–30

Secret, The (self-help film)

, 92–93

Self

, 100–102

as reflexive project

, 83–102

Self-actualisation

, 83–85, 93–94, 99–100, 164

Self-care

, 20–22, 41–42, 155

as political act

, 16–22

Self-development

, 164

Self-discovery

, 155–156

Self-help

, 100–101, 116–117

gurus

, 86

industry

, 86–88

movement

, 8–9

Self-identity

, 84–85

Self-improvement

, 101–102, 156–157

Self-mastery

, 83

Self-optimisation

, 164

Self-presentation strategies

, 112

Self-reinvention

, 156–157

Self-responsibility

, 54–55

Self-transformation

, 155–156

Self-work

, 100–101

Sexuality

, 16–17

Short civil rights movement

, 16

Silicon Valley tech firms

, 63–64

60 Minutes US news programme

, 41–42, 48, 60

Social media

, 75

Spiritual awakening

, 139

Spiritual guidance, search for

, 102

Spirituality

, 63–64

Stress

, 64–66

management

, 55, 68–69

‘Summer of Love’

, 26–27

Tai chi

, 4–5

Ten-Point Program

, 20

Testimonials

, 160–161

Thalidomide

, 77–78

Therapy culture

, 99–100

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

, 4–5, 7

Transactional analysis

, 37–38

Transcendentalists

, 91

Travis, John W. (US physician)

, 48–51

Trust

, 84, 127, 129, 135–136

‘Turn on, Tune in, Drop out’ (Leary)

, 25–26

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

, 19

Unlicensed native

, 75–76

Vaccination Act of 1853

, 141–142

Vaccines

, 143–144

Victims of wellness syndrome

, 156–157

Visual images

, 160–161

Voting Rights Act of 1965

, 16

Water memory

, 118–119

Well-being

, 64–66

Wellness

, 115–116, 155–157

Alt.health influencers

, 133–136

anti-vaccination movement

, 141–151

COVID-19 conspiracies and conspirituality

, 130–141

COVID-19 infodemic

, 125–130

discourse

, 154–155

homeopathy

, 117–121

influencers

, 112–113

influencers as conduits for misinformation

, 122–124

internet

, 121–124

liberty and purity

, 141–144

lone wolves

, 144–146

medical misinformation to internet

, 116–121

platform affordances and architecture of disinformation

, 146–148

profits from disinformation

, 149–150

purity paradigm

, 137–141

research

, 129–130

stress test

, 53–54

tackling disinformation online

, 150–151

trust

, 127–129

Wellness culture

, 2–3, 76, 157–158, 161–162

as alternative to mainstream medicine

, 8–13

ancient origins

, 2–5

modern concept for modern world

, 5–8

Wellness gurus

, 75, 83

American Dream

, 97–100

celebrity wellness gurus

, 102–108

crisis of expertise

, 77–79

dark side of positive thinking

, 94–97

experience as expertise

, 79–80

and internet

, 109–113

Law of Attraction

, 92–94

New Thought Movement

, 89–91

origin tales and conversion stories

, 80–83

Power of Positive Thinking, The

, 88–89

self

, 100–102

self as reflexive project

, 83–102

self-help gurus

, 86

self-help industry

, 86–88

Wellness Inventory

, 48–49

Wellness movement

, 12, 22, 41–42, 164

fitness industry

, 66–73

mainstream

, 60–66

pioneers

, 43–60

Western philosophy

, 37

Whole Pantry

, 122

Women’s movement

, 22, 155

Worksite health promotion movement (WHP)

, 61–62

Worksite wellness

, 61–62, 64–66

World Health Organisation (WHO)

, 9–10, 125

Yin–yang theory

, 4–5

Yoga

, 3–4, 71–72