Index
Federico Lega
(Milan University, Italy)
Giada Carola Castellini
(Bocconi University, Italy)
ISBN: 978-1-80262-276-8, eISBN: 978-1-80262-273-7
Publication date: 23 February 2022
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Lega, F. and Castellini, G.C. (2022), "Index", Resilient Health Systems (European Health Management in Transition), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 151-160. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80262-273-720221007
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2022 Federico Lega and Giada Carola Castellini. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Accountability
, 59–60, 64–66, 88, 91, 102, 106, 122–125
favouring accountability in crisis
, 67–70
of public institutions and healthcare providers
, 85–86
Accountability linkages
, 68
Accreditation of hospitals
, 52–53
Active surveillance
, 34–35
strategy of
, 118
Actors
, 69–70
Adaptability
, 26–27
Add-on payments
, 59–60
Adequate service delivery
, 9–10
‘Administrative barriers’
, 88
Agencies of restraint and enforcement
, 69–70
Ambulatory care
, 71–72
providers
, 72–73
Analysis and synthesis
, 33
Animal health sectors
, 83
Appropriate accountability
, 124
Appropriate communication of information
, 9–10
Availability
of essential medicines
, 54–55
of fast-track regulatory procedures
, 88
Awareness
, 26–27
Azienda Zero
, 124–125
Belonging
, 50
Bilateral approach
, 75–76
Building blocks
, 4, 8
Capacity
, 91, 97, 101, 119–120
Care
ambulatory
, 71–72
coordination
, 71–72
crisis standards of
, 88–89
long-term care
, 71–72
quality of
, 51–52
Career opportunities for professionals working
, 47–48
Change execution in health system
, 127–130
Chronic diseases
, 25–26
CICLA framework
, 92, 94, 96, 127
accountability and good governance
, 102–106
capacity and capability
, 97–101
communication
, 92–94
diffused leadership
, 106–107
intelligence
, 94–96
legal support
, 101–102
rationale
, 91–92
Citizen participation and engagement
, 70–71
Civil registration
, 35–36
Civil registration and vital statistics system (CRvs. system)
, 38–39
Civil society
, 75
engagement
, 77–79
Civil society organizations (CSOs)
, 77–78
engagement of
, 78
Clear communication strategies
, 28–29
Clinical staff
, 44
‘Cognitive restructuring’
, 130
Communication
, 91–92, 94, 113, 117
strategy of health information
, 28–29
and use
, 33
Communicators
, 42
Community level resilience
, 24
Compilation
, 33
Conceptual skills
, 66–67
Content
, 7
Contingency Fund for Emergencies (CFE)
, 61–62
Contingency funds
, 61–62
Continuous professional development programs
, 49
Cooperation
, 74
Coordinate efforts
, 80–81
Coordinating bodies
, 78–79
Coordination
, 73–74
of ambulatory care providers
, 72–73
and collaboration
, 64–65
between government sectors
, 9–10
structures
, 84
Core health system
, 9–10
Coronavirus
, 1–2
Corriere della Sera
, 44–45
Council of Australian Governments (COAG)
, 74–75
COVID-19
, 1–2, 4, 23–24, 74
filling gap from theory to practice
, 11–21
foundations of resilience of health systems
, 9–11
guidelines during
, 55
health system resilience
, 5–11
meaningfulness
, 8–9
medical emergency
, 78
outbreak in China
, 2
in search of definition
, 7–8
shortage of health professionals during
, 48
synopsis
, 11–12, 20
Crisis
, 25–26
communication plan
, 42–43
containment strategies
, 113–115
favouring accountability in
, 67–70
initial phase of
, 42
intergovernmental coordination in
, 30–31
pre-crisis phase of
, 42
standards of care
, 88–89
Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication model (CERC model)
, 41–43
Data
communication errors
, 116–117
generation
, 33
on human resources
, 39–40
on patient health
, 72–73
Decentralized health system
, 109
regional differences in
, 110–111
Decree of President of Council of Ministers (DPCM)
, 2
Demand and supply data
, 80–81
Diffused leadership
, 91, 106–107, 125–126
Diversity
, 26–27
Doctors
, 49–50
psychosocial and family support for
, 50–51
Domestic revenue sources
, 58–59
e-platforms
, 78–79
Ebola outbreak
, 8
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)
, 4, 84–85
Economic incentives
, 59–60
Economic policy
, 82
Education policy
, 82
Educational sector
, 83
Effective health system
, 3–4
Effective leadership
, 30–31
Effective surveillance system of health information
, 9–10
eHealth technologies
, 28
Electronic health records
, 72–73
Emergency
plan for care coordination
, 73
regulations
, 61–62
Emotional intelligence
, 66–67
Engagement of communities
, 85–86
Environmental sectors
, 83
Essential medicines availability
, 54–55
European Union (EU)
, 54–55, 77
Evolution phase of crisis
, 42
Ex ante crisis communication strategy
, 113–115
Ex post analysis
, 118
Ex-ante accountability
, 67–68
Ex-ante mechanisms of crisis control
, 57–58
Ex-post accountability
, 67–68
External environment
, 27–28, 31–32, 81, 89
legal environment
, 86–89
multi-sectoral collaboration and coordination
, 81–84
public trust
, 84–86
Extraordinary executive powers
, 87–88
Extraordinary measures
, 86–87
Family support for doctors and nurses
, 50–51
Fast-track procedures
, 86–88
Financial incentives
, 50–51, 73
Financial management information system
, 40
Financial oversight
, 61–62
Financial resource
, 28–29, 44
Flexible regulatory frameworks
, 88–89
Foreign policy and international relations
, 83–84
Foreign revenue sources
, 58–59
Framework documents
, 78–79
Funding for multi-sectoral preparedness
, 84
Global COVID-19 health crisis
, 79–80
Global financial crisis [2008]
, 3–4, 8
Good governance
, 75, 91, 102, 106, 122, 125
Good intergovernmental cooperation and coordination
, 122
Governance
, 27–28, 30–31, 63, 80
sector
, 75–80
system
, 64–75
Gratitude
, 50
Guardian, The
, 44–45
Health care providers
, 69–70
Health communication
, 40, 43, 85–86
Health communicators
, 42
Health crisis
, 86–87
communication
, 41–42
leadership for health crisis management
, 65–67
Health facilities
, 51–55
Health financing
, 55, 62, 110
short-term financing mechanisms
, 60–62
for universal healthcare
, 56–60
Health funding
, 30
Health governance
, 30–31
Health in All Policies
, 81–82
Health information system
, 33–40
health surveillance system
, 34–39
other health data sources in
, 39–40
Health infrastructure information system
, 39–40
Health policy sectors
, 83–84
Health professionals
, 48
in SARS outbreak
, 49–50
shortage during COVID-19 pandemic
, 48
Health Security Committee (HSC)
, 77
Health service organization
, 110
Health surveillance system
, 34, 39, 117–118
Health system
, 23–24, 127–130
coordination and cooperation
, 71–75
external environment
, 31–32
factors contribute positively to
, 27–31
governance
, 30–31
information
, 28–29
resilience
, 5, 9, 11, 20–21, 23–24, 27, 91
resources
, 29–30
Health workers
, 50–51
Health workforce
, 44
Healthcare
human resources in
, 44–51
physical and material resources in
, 51–55
system
, 1–2, 5, 7
High-level political commitment
, 84
Horizontally governance. See Sector governance
Hospital boards
, 69–70
Hospital care
, 71–72
Hospitalizations, mounting
, 71–72
Human health sectors
, 83
Human resource
, 28–29, 44
in healthcare
, 44–51
motivation
, 49–51
skills and training
, 48–49
workforce density and distribution
, 45–48
Immigration policies
, 46–47
Incentives
, 80–81
Inconsistency in public health messages
, 115
Indicators
, 91
Individual records
, 35–36
Individual-level resilience
, 24
Industrial sector
, 75
engagement
, 79–80
Information
, 27–29, 33, 43
health communication
, 40–43
health information system
, 33–40
provision and sharing of
, 127–128
Information and communications technology (ICT)
, 37
Initial phase of crisis
, 42
Institutional frameworks
, 74–75
Integration
, 26–27
Intelligence
, 91, 94, 96
Inter-governmental co-operation
, 9–10
Intergovernmental level in medical crisis
, 74
Interinstitutional coordination
, 63–64
International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10)
, 37–38
International collaboration and coordination
, 75, 77
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
, 85–86
International Health Regulations (IHR)
, 1–2, 37, 76–77
International Labour Organization (ILO)
, 39–40
International organizations
, 76–77
Interpersonal skills
, 66–67
Intranational co-operation
, 9–10
Italian health system
, 51, 109, 111
Italian national health system
, 110
accountability
, 122–125
capacity
, 119–120
communication
, 113–117
diffused leadership
, 125–126
experience
, 111–126
good governance
, 122–125
intelligence
, 117–118
legal support
, 121–122
regional differences in decentralized health systems
, 110–111
Joint Commission International (JCI)
, 52–53
Joint External Evaluation tool (JEE tool)
, 37
Labour market
information
, 46–47
policy
, 82
Leadership
, 84
diffused
, 91, 106–107
effective
, 30–31
for health crisis management
, 65–67
strong
, 64–65
Legal environment
, 81, 86, 89
extraordinary executive powers
, 87–88
flexible regulatory frameworks
, 88–89
Legal support
, 91, 101–102, 121–122
Logistics data information system
, 39–40
Long-term care
, 71–72
Maintenance phase
, 42
Managerial structure
, 63–64
Meaningfulness
, 8–9, 11
Measurement framework
, 109
Medical education
, 47–48
Medical equipment
, 51–55
Medicines
, 51–55
Methodology
, 21
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
, 4
Minister of Health
, 69
Motivation
, 49–51
Multi-sectoral collaboration and coordination
, 81–84
health policy sectors
, 83–84
Multi-sectoral preparedness coordination
, 82–83
Multilateral approach
, 75–76
Multisectoral collaboration and cooperation
, 81
National health system (NHS)
, 2
National lockdown
, 2
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
, 25–26, 62–63
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
, 77–78
Numerus clausus policies
, 46–47
Nurses
, 49–50
psychosocial and family support for
, 50–51
Nursing practice
, 49
Objectives
, 91
Out-of-pocket payment
, 57–58
Output-based provider payments
, 59–60
Oxygen therapy
, 54–55
Partnerships
, 85–86
Passive surveillance
, 34–35
Pay-for-performance schemes
, 59–60
Payment schemes
, 73
Performance monitoring
, 66
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
, 50, 53–54
Personal safety
, 50
Physical and material resource
, 28–29, 44
health facilities, medical equipment and medicines
, 51–55
in healthcare
, 51–55
Planning element
, 44
Policy concern
, 46
Population censuses
, 35–36
Population-based surveys
, 35–36, 38–39
Pre-crisis phase of crisis
, 42
Predictability
, 26
Prepaid revenue sources
, 58–59
Primary healthcare, strengthening
, 58
Primary sources
, 21
Professional associations
, 69–70
Project demand
, 80–81
Protection
, 50
Psychosocial support for doctors and nurses
, 50–51
Public budget flexibility
, 61–62
Public funding
, 59–60
Public health communication
, 40–41
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)
, 1–2
Public health services
, 9–10
Public revenue sources
, 58–59
Public trust
, 81, 84, 86
PubMed online database
, 5–7
Quality of care
, 51–52
Recurrent payments
, 47–48
Refreezing process
, 127–128
Regional differences in decentralized health systems
, 110–111
Regional health system resilience
, 109
Regional monitoring systems
, 118
Research and development (R&D)
, 54–55
Resilience
, 3–5, 7–9, 24
of health systems
, 9–11
of Italian health system
, 109
Resilient health system
, 9–10
characteristics of
, 26–27
external environment
, 81–89
governance
, 63–80
information
, 33–43
resources
, 44–62
Resolution phase
, 42
Resources
, 27–30, 44, 62
allocation
, 58–59
health financing
, 55–62
human resources in healthcare
, 44–51
physical and material resources in healthcare
, 51–55
planning
, 62
Right to health
, 23–24
SARS-CoV-2 outbreak
, 110–111
Secondary sources
, 21
Sector governance
, 63–64, 75, 80
civil society engagement
, 77–79
industrial sector engagement
, 79–80
international collaboration and coordination
, 75–77
Self-regulation
, 26–27
Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA)
, 52–53
Setting priorities
, 66
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
, 44–45
Short-term financing mechanisms
, 60–62
Skill matching
, 48
Skill mixing
, 48
Skills and training
, 48–49
Social protection
, 50
State of emergency
, 87
Substituting process
, 127–128
Supportive environments
, 9–10
Surveillance data
, 35
Sustainable development goal (SDG)
, 45–46
System governance
, 63–64, 75
favouring accountability in crisis
, 67–70
health system coordination and cooperation
, 71–75
leadership for health crisis management
, 65–67
System-level resilience
, 24–25
Systematic accountability
, 70–71
Technical skills
, 66–67
Training, skills and
, 48–49
Transparency of government
, 70–71
Unfreezing process
, 127–128
United Nations (UN)
, 23–24
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN/DESA)
, 68
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
, 79–80
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)
, 85–86
Universal healthcare, health financing for
, 56–60
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
, 34–35, 41–42
Vertically governance. See System governance
Virements
, 61–62
Vital statistics system
, 35–36, 38–39
Workforce
density and distribution
, 45–48
training and motivation
, 9–10
Working conditions for professionals working
, 47–48
Working time, pay rates and retirement policies
, 46–47
World Health Organization (WHO)
, 1–2
Zika virus
, 4
outbreak in Singapore
, 42–43