Action

, 1, 35, 161–162

Action Cinema

, 2–3, 8, 148

Action films

, 23, 104–105

Action genre

, 104, 107, 148, 162

Action heroines

, 105, 139

Action/crime genre

, 51–52

Afro-feminism

, 52

Ageing

action hero

, 8

as mature action hero

, 16–17

in popular culture

, 22

Ageing

, 2

Ageism

, 8

Aging

, 161–162

Alien (1979)

, 104–105

Aliens (1986)

, 148

American Beauty (1999)

, 9

American cinema

, 30–31

American frontier

, 122–124

American identity

, 123

Antz (Darnell and Johnson)

, 36–37

Artificial feminism

, 77–79

Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, The (2007)

, 127

Atomic Blonde (2017)

, 1–2, 137, 139, 148–149, 153, 155

Authoritarianism

, 8

Avengers

, 77, 140

Avenging Angelo (Burke)

, 36–37

Bananas (1971)

, 35–36

Batman Begins (2005)

, 126

Beyond Bombshells

, 137–138

Bigotry

, 8

Birds of Prey: And the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn

, 136, 142, 145

female superheroes on screen

, 139–145

hard and soft action women

, 137–139

Black bodies

, 123

Black Hawk Down (2001)

, 9

Black Widow

, 139–140

Blade Runner 2049 (2017)

, 106

Blue Ruin (2013)

, 122, 129–130

Brave One, The (2007)

, 126–127

Capitalism

, 53

Capone (Carver)

, 35–36

Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)

, 140

Captain Marvel (2019)

, 2, 74, 139–142

artificial feminism

, 77–79

labels

, 76–77

Wonder Woman

, 79–84

Charlie’s Angels (2000)

, 2, 51–52, 54–55, 57, 63, 137

methodology

, 55–56

results

, 56–64

second-wave feminism and post-feminism

, 52–54

Charlie’s Angels: Full Throttle (2003)

, 137

Charlie’s Angels: Full Throttle (2010)

, 54

Children of Men (2006)

, 106

Choice feminism

, 53–54

Chrome and Hot Leather (1971)

, 125

Cinematic poetic formalism

, 52, 55–56

Classical Western genre

, 124

Classism

, 123

Cliffhanger (Harlin)

, 36

Cold Pursuit (2019)

, 25

Coldest City, The (2012)

, 153

Commuter (2018)

, 22–23, 25, 27

Contemporary action cinema

, 29

Copland (1997)

, 36

Courage

, 11

Creed (Coogler)

, 36

Creed spinoffs (2015–2018)

, 36

Cruise, Tom

, 8

ageing as mature action hero

, 16–17

hardbodies to geriaction heroism

, 9

heroic masculinity

, 12–13

mature and virtuous hero in geriaction cinema

, 17

post-9/11 action archetypes

, 9–11

seriality, maturity and virtue

, 11–12

solidifying heroism in noughties

, 15–16

strategic action career progression

, 13–15

D.E.B.S. (2004)

, 149, 151, 153

Days of Thunder (1990)

, 14

Death Race 2000 (1975)

, 35–36

Death Sentence (2007)

, 126

Death Wish (1974)

, 125–126, 128

Defiance (1980)

, 126

Demolition Man (Brambilla)

, 36

Die Hard (1988)

, 122

Dirty Harry

, 125

Divergent (2014)

, 139

Double entanglement

, 53

Edge of Tomorrow (2014)

, 17

Entertainment Weekly (2018)

, 88–89

Equalizer, The

, 128

Equalizer 2, The (2014, 2018)

, 128

Escape Plan (2013–2019)

, 36

Espionage action

, 149–150

Ethan Hunt (Mission Impossible)

, 8, 14

EuropaCorp

, 25–26

Expendables, The (2010)

, 1–2, 22–23, 25, 36, 44–45

Expendables, The (2014)

, 112

Exterminator, The (1980)

, 126

Falling Down (1993)

, 126

Fandom

, 2, 74

Farewell, My Lovely (Richards)

, 35–36

Fast and the Furious franchise, The (2001–2022)

, 1–2

Female hero

, 147

Female Masculinity (1998)

, 138

Female masculinity

, 105, 138

Female spies

, 150

Female superheroes

, 74

Feminine Mystique, The

, 143–144

Feminine representations

, 136

Femininity

, 109–110, 136–139

Feminism

, 52, 74, 143–144

Feminist counter-apocalypse

, 109–110

Fight Club (1999)

, 9, 126

Fighting Back (1982)

, 126

Film Art: An Introduction

, 55–56

Final Girl

, 87–89, 91, 99–100

First Blood (1982)

, 37–38, 41, 122

First Blood: Rambo Part II (1991)

, 37

First-wave feminism

, 52

Four Brothers (2005)

, 126

Fourth-wave feminism

, 54

French cinema

, 23, 26–27

Friday the 13th

, 90–91

G. I. Jane (1997)

, 105

Gender

, 1, 53, 92, 104, 107

roles

, 150

Gender, Genre and Narrative Transformations

, 2–3

Gender and Action Films

, 1

Genre

, 162

Geri-action cycle, French roots of

, 23–27

Geriaction

, 8

heroes

, 10–11

Gerontology

, 44

Get Carter

, 36–37

Glass Ceiling

, 139–140

Glitter

, 144

Gran Torino (2008)

, 126

Halloween (1978)

, 88–89

intertextuality

, 91–95

novel interpretation

, 96–99

traditional interpretation

, 89–91

Halloween franchise (2018–2023)

, 2

Halloween H20: 20 Years Later (Miner)

, 89–90

Halloween II (Rosenthal)

, 89–90

Halloween: Resurrection (Rosenthal)

, 89

Hanna (2011)

, 1–2

Hardbody

archetype

, 8

to geriaction heroism

, 9

geriaction sub variant

, 9–11

Hegemonic masculinity

, 122

Heroes

, 161–162

Heroic masculinity

, 8–9, 12–13

Heroines

, 68

High Heel (Brennan)

, 137–138

History of Violence, A (2005)

, 127

Hollywood Action and Adventure Film, The (Tasker)

, 149–150

Hollywood-style action films

, 22–23, 104

Horror films

, 87–88

Hostage (2005)

, 126

Hunger Games, The (2012–2015)

, 104, 139

In Cold Blood (1968)

, 39

Individualism

, 124

Intellectual virtues

, 11

Intertextuality of Halloween

, 91–95

Iron Man (Favreau)

, 139–140

Jack Reacher (2012)

, 17

Jack Reacher: Never Go Back (2016)

, 17

James Bond films

, 11–12, 150–151

Jessica Jones (2015–2019)

, 74

Jingoism

, 8

Joe (1970)

, 126

Journal of Popular Film and Television

, 161–162

Judge Dredd (Canon)

, 36

Justice

, 11

Kick Ass (2010)

, 1–2

Kill Bill (2003, 2004)

, 104

Kill Bill Vol. 1 (2003)

, 137

Kill Bill Vol. 2 (2004)

, 137

Knight and Day (2010)

, 16

Last Blood

, 42–46

Last Samurai, The (2003)

, 15

Law Abiding Citizen (2009)

, 126

Left Handed Gun, The (1958)

, 124

LGBTQ visibility

, 150

Logan (2017)

, 104

action genre and gender

, 104–107

end of masculinity

, 111–114

Long Kiss Goodnight (1996)

, 105

Lord Jim (1965)

, 39

Lords of Flatbush, The

, 35–36

Mad Max 2: Road Warrior (1981)

, 107–108

Mad Max: Beyond Thunderdome (1985)

, 106–108

Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)

, 2, 104, 137

action genre and gender

, 104–107

and Utopian feminist spaces

, 107–111

Magnificent Seven, The (1960)

, 124

Male heroism

, 8

Male spies

, 150

Man From Laramie, The (1955)

, 124

Man on Fire (2004)

, 126

Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU)

, 74, 139–140

Masculinity

, 2, 8, 22–23, 35, 104–105, 122–123, 138–139

Matrix, The (1999)

, 9, 122

Mature masculinity

, 9

Maturity

, 11–12

Metamodernism

, 122

America and Vigilantism

, 122–124

first wave of vigilante films

, 124–126

second wave of vigilante films

, 126–127

third wave of vigilante films

, 127–133

#MeToo movement

, 88–89

Minority Report (2002)

, 15–16

Mirror theory

, 74–75, 80

Mission Impossible

, 2

Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol (2011)

, 16

Mission: Impossible (1996)

, 14

Mission: Impossible II (2000)

, 14

Mission: Impossible III (2006)

, 15–16

Modern feminism

, 78

Moral virtues

, 11

Mummy, The (2017)

, 17

Mystic River (2003)

, 126

Nationalism

, 8, 123

Neoliberalism

, 98–100

No Mercy Man, The (1973)

, 125

Non-Stop (2014)

, 2

Oblivion (2013)

, 17

Office Space (1999)

, 9

Old Guard, The (2020)

, 137

Ox-Bow Incident, The (1943)

, 124

Participatory culture theory

, 76

Party at Kitty and Stud’s, The (Lewis)

, 35–36

Politics

, 37–38

Post-9/11 action archetypes

, 9–11

Post-feminism

, 52–54

Post-feminist movement

, 53

Post-millennial Action Cinema

, 1–2

Practical wisdom

, 11

Professionals, The (1966)

, 39

Punisher, The (2004)

, 126

Queer female action heroes

, 148–149

Quinn, Harley

, 136–137

Race

, 53

Racism

, 8, 123

Rambo

, 35–38

Rambo III (1988)

, 37–38

Rambo Last Blood (2019)

, 2

Rambo: First Blood Part II (1986)

, 37–38

Republic, The

, 11

Retired and Extremely Dangerous (RED)

, 22–23

Revenge

, 124

Risky Business (1983)

, 13–14

Rocky series (1976–2006)

, 36

Rolling Thunder (1977)

, 125

Rugged individualism

, 122–123

Salt (2010)

, 104, 153

Second-wave feminism

, 52–54

Seriality

, 11–12

Sex and the Single Girl

, 143–144

Sexism

, 8

Sexuality

, 149–157

Shane (1953)

, 113, 124

Social justice warrior (SJW)

, 77

Sound elements

, 56

Spider-Man (2002)

, 126

Spy (2015)

, 1–2

Spy action

, 148–149

Atomic Blonde

, 153–155

D.E.B.S.

, 151–153

sexuality and female spy in action

, 149–157

Spy Who Dumped Me, The

, 155–157

Spy Kids 3: Game Over (Rodriguez)

, 36–37

Spy Who Dumped Me, The (2018)

, 149, 155, 157

Spying

, 150

Square Root, The (Edmund Chevie)

, 35–36

Stagecoach (1939)

, 124

Star Wars

, 140

Star Wars franchise (2015–2019)

, 104

Stardom

, 1, 35

Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot (Spottiswoode)

, 36–37

Strode, Laurie

, 89, 92, 94–95

Sucker Punch (2011)

, 137

Supergirl and Batwoman

, 74

Superheroes

, 139–145

Supremacy

, 122

Suspension of disbelief

, 81

Suspension of intelligence

, 76

Taken (2008)

, 2, 22–23, 25, 126

Taken 2 (2012)

, 23, 128

Taxi Driver (1976)

, 126

Temperance

, 11

Terminator, The (1984)

, 92

Terminator 2: Judgement Day (1991)

, 91, 95, 104, 148

Third-wave feminism

, 53

3 Days to Kill (2014)

, 23, 25

Time’s Up

, 88–89

Titanic (1997)

, 9

Tomboyism

, 138

Top Gun (1986)

, 13–14

Top Gun: Maverick (2022)

, 17

Transformation

, 162

Utopian feminist spaces

, 107–111

Variety (2018)

, 88–89

Vigilante (1983)

, 126

Vigilante films

first wave of

, 124–126

second wave of

, 126–127

third wave of

, 127–133

Vigilante Force (1976)

, 125

Vigilante violence

, 123

Vigilantism

, 8, 122

America and

, 122–124

Violence

, 8

Violent Femmes: Women as Spies in Popular Culture (White)

, 150

Virtue

, 11–12

Virtuous masculinity

, 11, 15

Visual elements

, 56

Walking Tall (1973)

, 125

WandaVision (2021)

, 74

War of the Worlds (2005)

, 15–16

Willis, Bruce

, 161

Wolverine, The (2013)

, 106–107, 111

Wonder Woman

, 74, 79, 84, 139–141

X-24 cyborg mutant

, 113–114

X-men Origins: Wolverine (2009)

, 111

X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014)

, 111

You Were Never Really Here (2017)

, 122, 129, 131, 133

Zebra Force, The (1976)

, 125