Index
International Perspectives on Democratization and Peace
ISBN: 978-1-80043-068-6, eISBN: 978-1-80043-067-9
Publication date: 26 October 2019
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2019), "Index", Ganesan, N. (Ed.) International Perspectives on Democratization and Peace, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80043-067-920200013
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Note: page numbers followed by “n” indicate footnotes.
Action
, 1
African National Congress (ANC)
, 159
Agenda for institutional Reforms in Guatemala
, 123
Agenda for Peace
, 15–17, 179
Agreement
, 177, 31
“Alianza Democrática-M19” (M-19 Democratic Alliance)
, 98
Angola
, 3, 135–136
conflict transformation from democratization
, 144–145
contributions from Angolan case study
, 145–147
democratic transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa
, 137–139
entry and impact of democratization on conflict
, 143–144
peace and democratization
, 139–140
previous attempts to resolve conflict
, 140–143
profunda
, 140
Arakan Army (AA)
, 64, 70
Armed conflict in Colombia
, 93
ASEAN Plus Three
, 173
ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)
, 180
Asia-Pacific region
, 171–173
democracy and peace
, 178–181
disinterest in multilateral security system
, 181–185
hub-and-spokes alliance system
, 174–176
Militarized Asia
, 173–174
security protection of weak states
, 176–177
strategic aid and democide
, 177–178
Asian security order
, 175
Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
, 180
Association
, 1
Association for Research and Social Studies (ASIES)
, 129
Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
, 45–46, 173, 180
Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC)
, 30
Australia
, 33
Autocratic democracies
, 138
Bengalis
, 67
Benign power
, 183
Bicesse Agreement
, 141
British colonization of Myanmar
, 59–60
Broad-based participation
, 1
Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk (THW)
, 101
Burma (see Myanmar)
Burma Communist Party (BCP)
, 61
Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP)
, 61
CACIF
, 119–120
Cambodia
, 4–5, 43, 52
case study
, 53–56
Japanese intervention in
, 49–50
peacekeeping operations in
, 50
UNTAC and
, 47–49
Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP)
, 51–52
Cambodian conflict and civil war
external linkages to conflict
, 46–49
roots of conflict
, 44–46
Cambodian People’s Party (CPP)
, 46, 52
Carnation Revolution
, 153, 156
Chin National Front
, 62
China
, 8, 45, 61, 180–181
challenge
, 181–182
conflict between Japan and
, 52–53
Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
, 52–53
Civil conflict in Sri Lanka
attempts for negotiated solution
, 78–81
contributions from case study
, 86–87
external linkages
, 81–83
role of democracy/democratization in resolution
, 83–86
roots
, 76–78
timeline of key events
, 79
Civil defence organizations
, 94
Civil society
, 18
Civil Society Assembly (ASC)
, 120
Civil war in Cambodia
, 44–46
Civilian power
, 183
Civilization
, 17, 18, 20
Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK)
, 45
Coercive diplomacy
, 140
Cold War
, 2–4, 6–7, 94, 135, 180
end of
, 178–179
involvement in Angola
, 140
Colombia
democracy and peace processes
, 98–103
internal conflict with deep roots, multiple actors, and staggered attempts
, 92–97
political constitution
, 91–92
state issue
, 103–106
tensions in transition and hope on new generation
, 106–107
Combat obscurantism
, 158
Commission for Historical Clarification (CEH)
, 113
Communist threat
, 115
Compact of Free Association (The Compact)
, 31
Conferenceon Security Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)
, 172
Conflict
, 11, 13–14
between Japan and China
, 52–53
management in plurality
, 13–14
resolution of
, 37–39
roots of
, 27–30
stages in Guatemala
, 115–117
Conflict transformation
, 11–12, 18–19
in Angola
, 144–145
democracy to
, 36–37
ethnic conflict in Myanmar
, 68–70
in Guatemala
, 117–118
in Mozambique
, 166–167
peace as
, 12–15
Congenital malformation
, 138
Constitution
, 8
Constitutional Court (CC)
, 125
Constitutional Law of Angola
, 135
Constitutional reform in Guatemala
, 127–129
Constructive conflict management
, 19–20
Contestation
, 1
Control of passions
, 19
“Cork in the bottle” theory
, 183
Cuban revolution
, 94
Democide
, 171n1, 171–172, 177–178
Democracy
, 1–2, 21–22, 22n17, 35–36, 137
in African context
, 136–137
in Asia-Pacific region
, 178–181
to conflict transformation
, 36–37
expansion
, 101–103
to Mozambique
, 160–163
peace and
, 17–21
Democracy Index 2018 of the Economist Intelligence Unit
, 166
Democratic experiment to Mozambique
, 163–166
Democratic participation
, 19
“Democratic Peace” thesis
, 20
Democratic spring
, 114n2, 114–115
Democratic transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa
, 137–139
Democratization
, 1–2, 5, 18, 43, 54
in Angola
, 139–145
entry and impact
, 50–53
external linkages
, 32–34
internal problem for
, 50–52
as part of resolution process
, 34–35
previous attempts to remediate contaminated lands, and compensate individuals
, 30–32
resolution of conflicts
, 37–39
role in resolution in Sri Lanka
, 83–86
Departamento Nacional de Planeación (DNP)
, 100
Disinterest in multilateral security system
, 181–185
Domestic bourgeoisie
, 155
East Asian Summit (EAS)
, 173
Eelam People’s Revolutionary Liberation Front
, 76
Eelam Revolutionary Organization of Students (EROS)
, 76
Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN)
, 94n4, 96
Electoral democracies
, 138
Electoral Law and Political Parties (LEPP)
, 124–126
Electoral reform in Guatemala
, 123–126
Esquipulas I
, 118
Ethnic conflict in Myanmar
, 59
conflict transformation from democratization
, 68–70
contributions from Myanmar case study
, 70–72
entry and impact of democratization
, 67–68
external linkages to conflict and peace process
, 65–67
previous attempts to resolve conflict
, 61–65
roots of conflict
, 59–61
Ethno-religious differences
, 9
Euro-Atlantic region
, 172
European Union
, 4
Exit strategy
, 55
External linkages
to Cambodian conflict
, 46–49
of civil conflict in Sri Lanka
, 81–83
to ethnic conflict and peace process in Myanmar
, 65–67
in Guatemala
, 114–115
of Mozambique to Renamo-Frelimo Conflict
, 152–155
External threats
, 176
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC)
, 51
FALA
, 141
FAPLA
, 141
Federalist
, 51, 13n6
Federalist Papers
, 13n6
FNLA–UNITA coalition
, 140
Foedus pacificum
, 12
Free Aceh Movement (see Gerakkan Aceh Merdeka (GAM))
Freedom of speech
, 1, 18
French nuclear testing in South Pacific
, 29–30
French Polynesia (FP)
, 27, 29–30, 33–34, 36–37
Frente de Libertação Nacional de Moçambique (FRELIMO)
, 149n1, 153n14, 163
Front d’Union nationale pour le salut du Kampuchea (FUNSK)
, 45
Front uni national du Kampuchea (FUNK)
, 44–45
Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC)
, 91, 96–98, 100, 102–103, 105
peace process with
, 100–101
Fundación Ideas para la Paz (FIP)
, 101
General Peace Agreement
, 160–161
Gerakkan Aceh Merdeka (GAM)
, 71
Germany
, 5
Global war on terrorism
, 95–96
Government of Unity and National Reconciliation (GURN)
, 145
GPA
, 162–163
Gray zone
, 22
“Grupo Contadora”
, 118
Grupo Unido de Moçambique (GUMO)
, 156
Guatemala
, 113
agenda for institutional reforms
, 123
conflict stages
, 115–117
constitutional reform
, 127–129
electoral reform
, 123–126
external linkages
, 114–115
last three reform processes
, 129–130
negotiation process
, 118–123
open agenda
, 126
peace agreements
, 114
peace efforts and conflict transformations
, 117–118
Guatemalan Workers Party (PGT)
, 117
Guerilla Army of the Poor (EGP)
, 115, 117
Hiroshima
, 29–30
Horizontal legitimacy
, 176
Hub-and-spokes alliance system
, 174–176
Human rights
, 18
Humanity
, 13
India
, 5
Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)
, 78, 81
Insurgency
, 177
International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG)
, 125, 129
International community
, 178
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
, 66
International intervention
, 46–49
International wars
, 171
Intractable conflicts
, 83–84
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP)
, 80
Japan, conflict between China and
, 52–53
Japanese Intervention in Cambodia
, 49–50
Japanese pacifism, peacekeeping operations in
, 50
Japanese Security Policy
, 184
Japanese Self Defense Force (SDF)
, 49
Joint Commission for the Armed Forces (CCFA)
, 142
Joint Commission of Verification and Monitoring (CCVF)
, 142
Joint Political-Military Commission (CCPM)
, 142
Justice system
, 6
Kachin Independence Army (KIA)
, 63, 68
Kachin Independence Organization (KIO)
, 63
Kampuchean People’s Revolutionary Party (KPRP)
, 46
Karen National Union (KNU)
, 62, 65, 68
Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP)
, 62, 68
Kokang
, 61, 65
Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies
, 101
Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK)
, 83
La Revolución de Octubre
, 114
“La Violencia” (The Violence)
, 93
Large-scale international intervention
, 179
Legitimate monopoly of violence
, 19
Liberal democracies
, 1–2, 17
Liberalism
, 54
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
, 75–83, 87
Life Span Study (LSS)
, 30
Limitation of power
, 18
Lusaka Protocol
, 145
Maritime security issues
, 174
Marshall Islands
, 31–32
Marxist–Leninist ideology
, 46
Messianic mission
, 139
Militarized Asia
, 173–174
Military Use and Operating Rights (MUORA)
, 31
Ministerial Burma
, 60
Misión de Observación Electoral (MOE)
, 102
Monique Lions
, 136
Moral conviction
, 151
Mozambican Armed Forces (FADM)
, 156, 163
Mozambique
, 3, 7, 149
conflict transformation from democratization
, 166–167
democratic experiment
, 163–166
external links to Renamo-Frelimo conflict
, 152–155
historic roots of conflict
, 149–152
long road to democracy
, 160–163
Portugal transfers all powers to Frelimo
, 156–157
Totalitarian State builds long civil conflict
, 157–160
Mozambique African National Movement (MANU)
, 153, 153n13
Muse
, 64
Muslims in Sri Lanka
, 76
Myanmar
, (see also Ethnic conflict in Myanmar), 3, 59
ethnic conflict in
, 59–72
Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA)
, 61, 63–64, 70
Myanmar Peace Center (MPC)
, 63, 66
Nagasaki
, 29–30
Narco-terrorists groups
, 96
National Civil Police (PNC)
, 125
National Dialogue
, 119
National Front
, 93
National League for Democracy (NLD)
, 61–64, 71
National Liberation Army (see Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN))
National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA)
, 135
National reconciliation
, 4
National Reconciliation and Peace Center (NRPC)
, 64
National Reconciliation Commission (CNR)
, 118–119
National Union for Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)
, 135, 139, 141, 143–146
Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA)
, 4, 63, 72
Negotiation process in Guatemala
, 118–123
New York Agreement
, 151
New Zealand
, 33
Nkomati Accord
, 159
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
, 172
Norway
, 4–5
Nuclear Ban Treaty
, 37
Nuclear Claims Tribunal
, 31
Nuclear Free Pacific Conference
, 38
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)
, 35
Nuclear Victims and Survivors Remembrance Day
, 35
Nuclear weapon states (NWS)
, 30, 37
Nye Initiative
, 184–185
Office of Human Rights (PDH)
, 129
Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OACNUDH)
, 129
Official Development Assistance (ODA)
, 49
Oficina del Alto Comisionado para la Paz (OACP)
, 100
ONUMOZ
, 163
Open agenda in Guatemala
, 126
Open and plural societies
, 18
“Operational Agenda”
, 113
Organization for Security Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
, 172
Organization of Islamic Cooperation
, 66
Overseas collectivity (COM)
, 29
Overseas country of France
, 29
Overseas territory
, 29
Pacific atolls
, 27
Pacific NATO
, 183
Pacifism
, 50
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
, 83
Paris Peace Accords
, 46–47
Partido de Coligação Nacional (PCN)
, 156
Partido Revolucionário de Mozambique
, 159
“Pax romana”
, 12
Pazos of Zambézia
, 151
Peace
, 1, 12, 43, 53–54, 91
agenda for
, 15–17
in Angola
, 139–140
in Asia-Pacific region
, 178–181
as conflict transformation
, 12–15
and democracy
, 17–21
efforts in Guatemala
, 117–118
in Guatemala
, 113
as plurality
, 21–23
Peace Accords
, 120, 127–128, 130
Peace Agreements
, 122–123
Peace Commission of Government (COPAZ)
, 119
Peacekeeping
, 54
Peacekeeping Operations (PKO)
, 47, 50, 53
in Cambodia and Japanese Pacifism
, 50
Pearl of Indian Ocean (see Sri Lanka)
People’s Movement for the of Angola (MPLA)
, 135, 139–140, 143, 146
Plan Colombia
, 95
Plumbing of violence
, 140
Plurality
conflict management in
, 13–14
peace as
, 21–23
Political
crisis
, 125
elite
, 9
empowerment
, 17
independence
, 176
legitimacy
, 2
reincorporation
, 101–103
violence
, 136
Polynesian referendum
, 34–35
Portugal Reaches India
, 149–151
Portugal transfers all powers to Frelimo
, 156–157
Portuguese Movement of Armed Forces
, 156
Post-conflict peace-building
, 15
Post-conflict situations
, 14
Poverty in Africa
, 138
“Power sharing” logic
, 142, 145
Prazo
, 151n7
Preventive diplomacy
, 182, 182n3
ProReforma
, 127n18
Public Ministry (MP)
, 129
Queretaro Agreement
, 119
Radiological contamination of Marshall Islands
, 28–29
Rafael Landívar University (URL)
, 129
Rainbow Warrior
, 33
Rapprochement
, 96
Rapprochement between China and Soviet Union
, 45–46
Rebel Armed Forces (FAR)
, 115, 117
Reconciliation
, 5
in Cambodia
, 56
internal problem for
, 50–52
Regime security
, 9
Regional disparities
, 9
Remediation of irradiated land
, 31
Renamo
, 8
RENAMO (see Resistência Nacional de Moçambique (RNM))
Republic of Marshall Islands (RMI)
, 27–28, 30, 33, 35, 38
Resistência Nacional de Moçambique (RNM)
, 159
Resolution
of conflicts
, 37–39
process
, 34–35
“Revolutionary Alternative Force of Common” (see Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC))
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (see Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC))
Revolutionary Council of Shan States (RCSS)
, 68–69
Revolutionary Organization of Armed People (ORPA)
, 115, 117
Rohingya Muslim refugees
, 85
Rome General Peace Agreement
, 160–163
Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site (RTS)
, 31–32
Rule of law
, 6, 18–19
Russia
, 37
“Scorched earth”
, 116
“Second-generation” guerrilla groups
, 94
Security protection of weak states
, 176–177
Self-government
, 17
Serviço Nacional de Segurança Popular (SNASP)
, 157
Shan State Army-South (SSA-S)
, 65
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
, 182
Shanghai Security Cooperation (SCO)
, 173
Signatory Powers
, 151n5
Social ‘glue’
, 83
Social “virtues”
, 19
Social justice
, 19
South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone (SPNFZ)
, 39
Soviet Union
, 6, 45, 175
Sri Lanka
, (see also Civil conflict in Sri Lanka), 3, 5, 75–76
Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP)
, 80
State of popular democracy
, 157
State security
, 9
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)
, 82
Strategic aid
, 177–178
Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START)
, 77
“Stunde Null” for peace
, 14
Sub-Saharan, democratic transitions in Africa
, 137–139
Substantive agreements
, 117
Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE)
, 124–126, 128
Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA)
, 69–70
Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization
, 76
Tamil National Alliance (TNA)
, 85
Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF)
, 76
Territorial integrity
, 176
Thailand
, 52
Theater
, 38
Third Eelam War
, 79
Thought
, 1
Thwarted peacebuilding
, 179–180
Totalitarian state builds long civil conflict
, 157–160
Transition paradigm
, 21–23
Transitology
, 22n17
Transitory Peace Circumscriptions
, 102
Treaty of Rarotonga
, 39
Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat
, 173
“Truth and Conciliation Commissions”
, 21
Twenty-first Century Panglong Conference
, 64
UN Personal Representative of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)
, 49
UNAVEM II (United Nations Verification Mission for Angola)
, 142
União Democrática Nacional de Moçambique (UDENAMO)
, 153
União dos Povos de Angola (UPA)
, 153, 153n11
União Nacional Africana de Moçambique Independente (UNAMI)
, 153, 153n13
Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca (URNG)
, 117–119
Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP)
, 62, 64–65
United Fruit Company (UFCO)
, 115, 115n5
United National Party (UNP)
, 85
United Nationalities Federal Council (UNFC)
, 63
United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC)
, 47
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
, 47
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
, 47
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
, 11, 17, 21, 47
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
, 65
United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET)
, 55
United Nations Mission of Support to East Timor (UNMISET)
, 55
United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET)
, 55
United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)
, 47–51, 54, 56, 180
and Cambodia
, 47–49
United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC)
, 97
United States (US)
, 6, 28, 31–32, 45
United States Opposition
, 182–184
United States Security Strategy
, 184
United Wa State Army (UWSA)
, 61, 64
Universal suffrage
, 1
University of San Carlos of Guatemala (USAC)
, 129
Unsociable sociability
, 11
Unsteady Progress Toward Conflict Resolution
, 98–103
Victims and Land Restitution Law, The
, 92n2
Violence and peace
, 98–100
Vote for peace
, 165
War
, (see also Peace), 54
Weak national identities
, 9
World Health Organization (WHO)
, 47
Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army forces
, 159
Zombie democracy
, 138
- Prelims
- Introduction: Lifelong Learning and the Roma Minority in Central and Eastern Europe
- Chapter 1: Open Roads to Peace and Democratization
- Chapter 2: Post-nuclear/Post-colonial Challenges to Democratization in the Pacific
- Chapter 3: Democratization, Peace and the Differences Between Asian and Western Approaches: The Case of Cambodia
- Chapter 4: Democratization and Its Impact on Ethnic Conflict and Peace in Myanmar
- Chapter 5: The Peace Process in Sri Lanka: The Challenges for Democracy After Decades of Civil Conflict and Terrorism
- Chapter 6: A Democratic Tradition as the Background to Armed Conflict: The Paradox of the Colombian Case?
- Chapter 7: The Roads to Reinvigorate the Peace Agreements: Between Electoral and Justice Reforms in Guatemala
- Chapter 8: The Angolan Process of Peace and Democratization: A Case Study
- Chapter 9: Peace and Conflict in Mozambique: A Long Road to Democracy?
- Chapter 10: Comparative Analysis of the Regional Security System of Europe and Asia: Dilemmas of the Asian Security System
- Conclusion – Impact of Democratization on Civil Conflicts
- Index