Adjusted gross revenues (AGRs)

, 181

Aircel

, 169, 173, 176, 177, 180

AT&T/Time Warner

, 128–129

Austrian Federal Competition Authority (BWB)

, 12

Austrian telecoms regulator (RTR)

, 12

Average revenue per user (ARPU)

, 125

Bharti Airtel

, 163, 165, 169–170, 172, 179

Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC)

, 14

Bouygues Telecom

, 65, 145–147

BSNL

, 163, 165, 177, 180

BT/EE

, 124–125

Business model innovation

, 4–5

Buyer switching costs

, 48

Cablevision

, 127

Carrier Aggregation

, 66

21st Century Fox

, 132–133

Chief executive officer (CEO)

, 122

Christiansen interpretation

, 1–3

critiques of

, 3–5

telecommunications-based critique

, 5–6

CK Hutchison

, 27, 40

financial performance

, 200–205

3G

, 189

geographical footprint

, 195–199

initial public offering (IPO)

, 197

mobile subscribers

, 200

in telecommunications industry

, 190–195

Code-division multiple access (CDMA)

, 59

Competition and Markets Authority (CMA)

, 124

Concentration ratios

, 92

‘Connect’ test

, 13

Council for Economic Defense (CADE)

, 128

Customer acquisition

, 10

Department of Justice (DOJ)

, 129

Department of Telecommunications (DoT)

, 165

Deutsche Telkom

, 131

Dhan Dhana Dhan plans

, 170

Difference-in-differences (DiD) methodology

, 12

Dish Network

, 134

Disruption

case studies of

, 21–45

caused by new entry

, 47–89

clarifications

, 2–3

contrasted cases of

, 215–217

internal and external factors

, 213–215

‘low-end’

, 1

multifaceted nature of

, 213–215

‘new-market’

, 1

Ofcom analysis of

, 7–10, 21–22

patterns of

, 7, 220

in practice

, 218

theory of

, 1

and trend towards multi-play

, 121–139

Disruptive activity by

Aircel

, 169

BASE

, 25

Bharti Airtel

, 163, 217

BSNL

, 163

CK Hutchison

, 27

Digicel

, 109

Fastweb

, 109

Free Mobile

, 216

Hutchison and VimpelCom

, 108–109

Idea Cellular

, 163, 174, 177, 178, 180, 216

Iliad

, 109, 216, 217

KPN

, 25

LTE network

, 16

mobile network operator (MNO)

, 10

mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs)

, 6

Mobistar

, 25

MTNL

, 164

NJJ Capital

, 34–35

Proximus

, 25

Quadrant Televentures

, 164

radio access network (RAN)

, 11

RCom

, 163

Reliance Jio

, 35, 216

Sistema Shyam

, 164

Tata DoCoMo

, 164

Tele2

, 22

Telecoms Disputes Settlement & Appelate Tribunal (TDSAT)

, 169

Telenor

, 11, 164

Telia One

, 26

TeliaSonera

, 11

T-Mobile/Orange merger

, 12

T-Mobile/tele.ring merger

, 12

T-Mobile US

, 38–39

United Internet/Drillisch

, 27

Vodafone

, 25, 216–217

Disruptive activity in

Australia

, 35–36

Austria

, 12, 25, 98–99

Belgium

, 25

Canada

, 36

China

, 15

Czech Republic

, 25

Denmark

, 11, 26, 104–105

European Union (EU)

, 91–119

Finland

, 13, 26–27

France

, 27, 102–104

Germany

, 11, 27–28, 100–102, 121

Greece

, 28

Hong Kong

, 36

India

, 163–187

Indonesia

, 36–37

Ireland

, 11, 28–29, 100

Italy

, 29–30, 108–110

Japan

, 37

Malaysia

, 37

Netherlands

, 12, 30–31, 110–111

New Zealand

, 37–38

Norway

, 13, 31, 99

Poland

, 31–32

Portugal

, 32

Scandinavian countries

, 13

South Africa

, 38

Spain

, 33

Sweden

, 33–34

Switzerland

, 34–35

UK

, 34, 105–108, 124–125

USA

, 38–40

‘Disruptive Growth Fund,’ 4

Disruptive innovation

, 5

Disruptive firms

, 8, 10, 21

Disruptors

, 112–113

Earnings/loss before interest and taxation (EBIT/LBIT)

, 200

EBITDA

, 203

European Commission (EC)

, 10, 31, 63, 91

European Economic Free Trade Area

, 50

European mobile

in 2017

, 93–97

concentration ratios

, 92

Denmark

, 104–105

disruptors

, 112–113

France

, 102–104

Germany

, 100–102

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

, 92

Ireland

, 100

Italy

, 108–110

Long-Term Evolution (LTE) licences

, 93

mergers

, 97–98

mobile market

, 93–96

mobile virtual network operator (MVNO)

, 98

NetCom GSM

, 99

Netherlands

, 110–111

new entry

, 111–112

Norway

, 99

one-off exception

, 97

quad-play

, 113–114

sample

, 91

takeovers

, 97–98

Telia Norway

, 99

T-Mobile

, 103

UK

, 105–108

Ziggo

, 110

European mobile communication markets

, 47

European Union (EU)

, 10, 50, 91, 114

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

, 38

Freebox

, 147

Free Mobile

, 65

Altice

, 154–155

Bouygues Telecom

, 155–157

Freebox

, 147, 148

2G

, 143

3G and 4G (LTE) licences

, 144–147

3G services

, 149–150

GSM standard

, 143

Iliad

, 147–149, 152

Internet protocol TV (IPTV)

, 147

Orange

, 154

outcomes

, 150–152

pink Minitel services

, 147

SFR

, 154–155

stable three operator market

, 143–144

Time-Division Long Term Evolution (TD-LTE) licences

, 146

Timeline of Events

, 1989–2018, 142

Video-on-Demand (VoD)

, 148

Voice over IP (VoIP)

, 148

French telecommunications market. See Free Mobile

General financial information

, 10

Gigabyte (GB)

, 38, 168

Gigahertz (GHz)

, 16, 64, 130

2G (GSM) licensing

, 49–50

3G (UMTS) licensing

, 50–65

new entrants

, 51, 60–62

4G (LTE) licensing

, 66–86

Global System for Mobile (GSM)

, 163

GSM standard

, 143

Harvard Business Review (HBR)

, 3

Hong Kong Broadband Network (HKBN)

, 126

Hutchison

, 6, 13, 40, 59, 112

Hutchison Asia Telecommunications (HAT)

, 194

Hutchison 3G Italy Investments

, 64, 108

Hutchison H3G

, 63

Hutchison Telecommunications International Ltd (HTIL)

, 193–194, 198, 199

Hutchison Whampoa

, 8, 59, 63, 87, 111

Idea Cellular

, 163, 166, 168, 171, 178

Iliad

, 147–149, 152

Incumbents customers

, 2

Indian mobile market

adjusted gross revenues (AGRs)

, 181

2016auction

, 164–168

mobile network operators

, 163–164

restructuring

, 171–173

Securities and Exchange Board (SEB)

, 169

telecom regulatory framework

, 165

Telecoms Disputes Settlement & Appelate Tribunal (TDSAT)

, 169

Initial public offer (IPO)

, 131

Interconnection usage charge (IUC)

, 175

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

, 25, 26, 34, 92

Internet of Things

, 6

Internet protocol (IP)

, 122

Internet protocol TV (IPTV)

, 147

Internet service provider (ISP)

, 38

Jio Prime Membership Programme

, 170

Kodak

, 4, 7

Long-Term Evolution (LTE)

, 16, 93, 216

‘Low-end’ disruption

, 1

LTE-Advanced (LTE-A)

, 66

Machine-to-machine (M2M)

, 6, 28

Margrethe Vestager

, 11

Megabits per second (Mbps)

, 16, 66

Megahertz (MHz)

, 16, 30, 38, 42, 88

Merger and acquisition (M&A) activity

, 16, 230

Mergers

, 97–98

Millimetre wave (mmWave)

, 130

Mobile market

, 93–96

Mobile messaging service (MMS)

, 26

Mobile network operator (MNO)

, 10

Mobile operator licensing, in Europe

first-mover advantages

, 48–49

3G licensing

, 50–65

4G licensing

, 66–86

GSM licensing

, 49–50

Mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs)

, 6, 98, 101

MTNL

, 164, 171, 180–181

Multifaceted nature, of disruption

contrasted cases of

, 215–217

internal and external factors

, 213–215

Multi-play

Asia

, 125–126

BT/EE

, 124–125

Cablevision

, 127

definition

, 121

Deutsche Telkom

, 131

Hong Kong Broadband Network (HKBN)

, 126

initial public offer (IPO)

, 131

Netflix

, 134

over-the-top (OTT) services

, 134

pay-off

, 134–135

quad-play

, 121

recent activity

, 133

Sky

, 132–133

Spectrum Mobile

, 133

21st Century Fox

, 132–133

Time Warner Cable (TWC)

, 126

T-Mobile

, 121

USA

, 126–128

Verizon Communications

, 127, 130, 131

Vodafone

, 122–124

Yahoo!

, 130

National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT)

, 179

National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT)

, 169, 177

NetCom GSM

, 99

Netflix

, 39, 134

Network coverage and quality

, 16–17

New entry

, 111–112

‘New-market’ disruption

, 1

Next generation network (NGN)

, 123

Ofcom analysis

, 21–22

aggressive behaviour

, 10

core hypothesis

, 7–8

disruptive firms

, 8

effects on investment

, 8–9

European countries cited

, 22–34

European countries not analysed

, 34–35

motivation, for disruption

, 9

summarised

, 9–10

One-off exception

, 97

Orange

, 154

Outcome-based approach

, 6–7

Over-the-top (OTT) services

, 134

Pink Minitel services

, 147

Quad-play

, 113–114, 121

Quadrant Televentures

, 164

Quality of service (QoS)

, 2, 16

Radio area network (RAN)

, 11, 109

RCom

, 163

Reliance Jio

, 35, 131, 164, 168, 170

Salop model

, 16

Securities and Exchange Board (SEB)

, 169, 172

Significant disruptors

CK Hutchison

, 40

ice

, 41–42

PPF Group

, 40–41

Tele2

, 40

SIM card

, 149–150

Significant market power (SMP)

, 177

Sistema Shyam

, 164

Sky

, 132–133

Smart Telecom

, 59

Spectrum Mobile

, 133

Stable three operator market

, 143–144

Strategic debt restructuring (SDR)

, 174

Takeovers

, 97–98

Tata DoCoMo

, 164

Telecom Italia

, 63

Telecommunications-based critique

, 5–6

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)

, 165, 168, 170

Telecoms Disputes Settlement & Appelate Tribunal (TDSAT)

, 165, 169, 177

Telenor

, 11, 26, 105, 164

Telia Norway

, 99

Time dimension duplex (TDD)

, 110

Time-Division Long Term Evolution (TD-LTE) licences

, 146

Timeline of Events

, 1989–2018, 142

Time Warner Cable (TWC)

, 126

T-Mobile

, 98, 121, 133

Triple-play

, 124

Uber

, 3, 5

Universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS)

, 47, 67–77, 144

Verizon Communications

, 127, 131

Video-on-Demand (VoD)

, 148

VimpelCom

, 63, 64, 108, 109

Virgin Mobile

, 145

‘Virtual’ operators

, 6

Vodafone

, 63, 121–124, 163

Vodafone Hutchison Australia (VHA)

, 198

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

, 35

Voice over IP (VoIP)

, 148

Western PCS Corp.

, 199

Western Wireless Inc.

, 199

WiMAX to LTE

, 36

Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)

, 125, 127

Wireless industry

, 15

Worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX)

, 36

Yahoo!

, 127, 130

Zapp Mobile

, 59