Index
Issues and Opportunities in Primary Health Care for Children in Europe
ISBN: 978-1-78973-354-9, eISBN: 978-1-78973-351-8
Publication date: 6 May 2019
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Citation
(2019), "Index", Blair, M., Rigby, M. and Alexander, D. (Ed.) Issues and Opportunities in Primary Health Care for Children in Europe, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 393-410. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-351-820191021
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:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019 European Commission
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This chapter is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this chapter (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
INDEX
Access
, 220–221, 223, 325–326
to care
, 202–205, 212–214, 350
for children and young people
, 305–306
compensation for costs associated with care
, 326
equity of access to supports
, 326
funding and equity of
, 323–324, 325
to health care
, 241
information provision for support to parents
, 325–326
to mental and sexual and reproductive health care
, 241–243
Accessibility
, 63–64, 238, 308, 310–311
Acquired brain injury (ABI)
, 324
Actors
, 68–69
Acute–community interface
, 200–201
Adolescent health medicine
, 266
CME
, 271–272
effective model
, 386–387
within European countries
, 267
postgraduate curricula
, 271
quality of adolescent primary care and amount and content of training
, 272
training in
, 266–272
under-and postgraduate training in field of adolescent medicine
, 267–270
undergraduate curricula
, 271
See also Child health
Adolescent primary care
and amount and content of training
, 272
services
, 239–240
Adolescent-friendly health service
, 232, 238–239
Adolescent-friendly health services and care (AFHSC)
, 239–240
Adolescents
, 221, 238
access to health care
, 241
access to mental health care and sexual and reproductive health care
, 241–243
early recognition of mental health problems in
, 335
rights and ethical issues
, 240–243
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)
, 263
Affiliate contributors to primary care for children
community pharmacy to primary care contribution
, 304–309
dental services to primary care contribution
, 310–315
dentistry
, 327
interface of social care services with primary care
, 315–326
pharmacy
, 327
social care services
, 327–328
Age
age-related measures analysis
, 145–147
at diagnosis of autism
, 108
international databases
, 145–146
at operation for cryptorchidism
, 108
responses by MOCHA country agents
, 146–147
Agent(s)
for child
, 85–87, 322
of proximal environment
, 85–86
of wider environment
, 86–87
Agoge
, 78–79
Alma-Ata, Declaration of (1978)
, 4, 90
Ambulatory-sensitive conditions
, 108, 175–176
American Academy of Paediatricians
, 228
Appraisal frameworks
, 38–39
conceptual general health framework dimensions
, 32–34
identifying
, 30–38
practical application
, 40–41
primary health care conceptual framework dimensions
, 35–37
Appraisal of right to health
, 89–90
Apps, use of
, 73, 296–297, 299
Association of Hungarian primary care paediatricians
, 70–71
Asthma
, 73
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
, 72, 211
care provided to children with
, 215–216
Attitudes
, 349
to abuse from perspective of contextual determinants
, 353–355
Autism
, 72
age at diagnosis
, 108
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
, 211
care provided to children with
, 215–216
Autonomy
of choice
, 73
parent’s opinions and experiences on children’s
, 61–64
Awareness
, 349, 354–355
of child abuse
, 354
of risk factors
, 355
Behaviour(al)
change
, 340–341
episodes
, 353
problems
, 353–354
Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model of determinants of health
, 39–40
Bronfenbrenner’s theory
, 80–83
Bullying
, 70–71
Business process analysis
, 200–201, 211
Care
of children in hospital
, 64–67
structure, processes and outcome of care delivery
, 332
Categorisations
, 105
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
, 140–142
Child centric(ity)
, 39, 56, 77–78, 80–87, 90, 160, 306–307, 320, 373–375
Child Guarantee proposal
, 114
Child health
, 2, 260–261
CIA
, 140–142
equity for
, 103–104
Eurostat
, 135–137
evidence usage in child health policy making
, 367
global burden of disease results tool
, 137–139
health behaviour in school-aged children data portal
, 134–135
indicators
, 131–143
issues
, 67–68
OECD
, 142–143
outcome indicators in MOCHA
, 180–181
policy
, 346, 350–351
WHO health for all explorer
, 131–143
World Bank Open Data and DataBank
, 139–140
See also Adolescent health medicine
Child Health Indicators of Life and Development Project (CHILD Project)
, 39–40, 131, 160, 378
Child primary care. See Primary care for children
Child Public Health EHR System
, 161
Child(ren)
, 57, 130, 221, 232, 277, 305–306, 308–309, 312–313
abuse
, 64–67, 325
as actor in health care
, 80–87
age-related measures analysis
, 145–147
agent for
, 85–87
analysis of disease-related measures
, 147–149
autonomy of choice
, 73
as central actor in process of shaping child health policy
, 86
centricity
, 77–78
changing concept
, 78–80
child-centric health policy
, 84, 85
child-centric paradigm
, 80–87
child-friendly health service
, 232
children and adolescents in national e-health strategies in Europe
, 126
with complex care needs in community
, 72
EHRs for children in primary care
, 285–286
empowerment
, 57
ethical means of listening to
, 377–378
evolving autonomy
, 381
existence of national child and adolescent health strategies
, 122–125
health in Europe
, 3–4
identification of children’s interests in e-health strategies
, 125–126
interest identification in e-health strategies
, 125–126
invisibility in quality measures
, 144–149
listening to
, 56
with long-term condition
, 73
with long-term mental health needs in community
, 72
material deprivation
, 169–170
MOCHA analysis
, 144–145
MOCHA country agent questions about
, 71–73
morbidity
, 3–4
mortality
, 181
number
, 59
obesity
, 64–67, 71
parent’s opinions and experiences on children’s autonomy
, 61–64
poverty
, 101, 261
prevention-orientated primary health care
, 389
protection
, 72–73, 325
relative income poverty rate
, 169
remedying invisibility in data
, 378–379
in socio-cultural context
, 78–80
in state care system
, 112–113
Children’s primary health care
correlation between measures belonging to same category
, 162
countries coordination level
, 163–166
e-coordination
, 166–167
framework for child healthcare system appraisal
, 160–167
identification of measures related to category
, 161
model identification
, 385
SEM approach applied to MOCHA
, 167–171
service quality measurement
, 171–175
tracer conditions
, 175–176
transformation of measures into scores
, 161–162
Children’s rights
appraisal of right to health
, 89–90
core concepts
, 87–88
to health
, 87–90
Ombudsman for
, 87
United Nations Convention on
, 89, 156, 315, 376, 378
timeline of increasing awareness and respect for
, 81–83
Children’s Specialist Examination
, 325
CIA
, 140–142
Co-creation of care
, 202, 206–207
Commission Directives
, 89
Committee on Adolescence
, 240–241
Communication
, 70, 238
channels
, 68
and knowledge
, 263
and management
, 259
and relationships with health care professionals
, 59–61
skills
, 271
Community paediatricians
, 248–251
Community pharmacy
, 304, 308
MOCHA survey into pharmacy use
, 305–308
to primary care
, 304–309
themes of pharmacy use by children and young people
, 308–309
Complex care needs (CCNs)
, 200, 273
access to care
, 202
business process analysis
, 200–201
co-creation of care
, 202
data integration
, 200–201
experience of child and family
, 200–201
integrated governance of care
, 202
long-term ventilation (LTV)
, 201
nursing practice
, 200
principles and standards of care
, 201–202
referral-discharge interface
, 200
services and boundary negotiations for children with complex mental health need
, 202–216
social care interface
, 200
traumatic brain injury (TBI)
, 201
validated principles and standards of care for children living with
, 201–202
Complex mental health needs
access to care
, 212–214
children with
, 202–216
methods
, 202–211
multidisciplinary teams
, 215–216
parental involvement
, 214–215
themes influencing care for children
, 211
See also Mental health
Comprehensiveness
, 220–221
comprehensive care
, 4
comprehensive policy
, 223
Confidentiality
, 64, 240–241
Context
of child primary care
, 64–67
economic
, 169–170, 373
environmental
, 39, 57
European community
, 376
family
, 57
preventive care
, 57
societal
, 39, 373–376
socio-cultural
, 7, 78–80
Contextual
change
, 349
determinants
, 353–355
factors
, 38
Continuing medical education (CME)
, 271–272
Convention on Rights of Child (CRC)
, 238
Coordination
, 220–221
category
, 161, 162
child protection
, 325
flexible support
, 323–324
of social care and primary care services
, 322–325
Corruption
, 353
Countries coordination level
, 163–166
countries distribution by e-coordination strength
, 165
national expenditure on ‘governance and health system administration’
, 166
Country agents (CAs)
, 8–10, 72, 73, 144–145, 148–149, 201–211, 220–221, 348–349, 391
comparison between international databases and coverage
, 175
data collection
, 9–10
identification
, 8
questionnaire
, 174–175
working process and project timetable
, 8–9
Cross-case research design
, 337
Cross-nationality
, 352
Cryptorchidism, age at operation for
, 108
Cultural/culture
, 57, 78, 346
aspects
, 364–368
attitudes to abuse from perspective of contextual determinants
, 353–355
European values study
, 346–347
public opinion and drivers
, 347–353
Cyberbullying
, 70–71
Cynefin model on complexity
, 339
Data systems, children invisibility in
children invisibility in quality measures
, 144–149
counting and understanding infants, children and adolescents
, 130
data sources
, 143–144
databases available and including child health indicators
, 131–143
quality measures key points
, 149–151
registration data
, 130–144
seeking children’s data in records-based research databases
, 151–155
Databases in child health indicators
, 131–143
Declaration of Alma-Ata (1978)
, 4
Declaration of the Rights of the Child
, 81–83
Dental services contribution to primary care
, 310–315
accessibility
, 310–311
economics
, 313–315
preventive care
, 311–313
Dentistry
, 310, 327
Depression
, 102, 241–243
Development, Mental Health and Trauma
, 263
DG CONNECT
, 379
DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion (2018)
, 377
DIPEx International network
, 58, 200–201
Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis vaccine (DTP vaccine)
, 168
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
, 137–138
Discretionary Medical Card
, 68
Disease-related measures analysis
international databases
, 147–148
responses by country agents
, 148–149
Distal environment
, 85, 368
DTP 1 immunisation
, 171
e-Health
children’s interests identification in
, 125–126
current limited evidence and knowledge base
, 284
EHRs for children in primary care
, 285–286
as enabler of primary care for children
, 284
external collaboration
, 298–299
media
, 295–297
practical and operational record linkage
, 289–295
records
, 161
standards and evaluation
, 379–380
systems
, 336–337
unique identifiers and record linkage
, 287–289
EC Horizon 2020
, 6
Economic(s)
, 313–315
analysis
, 180
conditions
, 186, 220–221
context
, 169–170, 373
of investing in children’s health
, 379
skill set evaluation
, 388
Education(al)
attainment and occupational social class
, 101
films
, 70–71
and guidance
, 248
institution
, 220
system
, 238
and Training
, 376
Electronic Health Data Exchange
, 289
Electronic health record (EHR)
, 125, 284, 285
Child Public Health EHRs in Europe
, 286
for children in primary care
, 285–286
functionality and data exchange
, 286
Electronic record
and data to supporting safe and efficient models
, 388
systems
, 287–289
Environment
, 336
cultural
, 2–3
distal
, 85, 368
economic
, 2–3
financial
, 152–155
natural
, 2
physical
, 2–3, 61, 373
proximal
, 85–86
Environmental pollution
, 71
Equity
, 31, 100, 223
of access
, 326
for child health
, 103–104
early childhood
, 101–102
ensuring for all children in all models
, 388
future directions
, 114–115
in health
, 100–101
health inequalities effects on child health
, 102–103
and levers
, 333
of provision for young people
, 72
relationship of equity indicators and model types
, 109–110
rights and
, 380–381
vulnerable populations
, 110–113
See also Inequity
Estonia (cross-ministerial involvement in strategic planning)
, 124–125
Estonian Social Insurance Board
, 325–326
Europe
addressing child health inequity in primacy care health systems
, 113–114
children’s health in
, 3–4
European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP)
, 251–259, 267
European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC)
, 298, 379–380
European Child Public Health Observatory network
, 379
European Commission Expert Group on Health Systems Performance
, 372
European Confederation of Primary Care Paediatricians (ECPCP)
, 260–261
European Convention on Human Rights
, 81–83
European Economic Area (EEA)
, 56, 110, 130, 200, 260, 304
European Health Examination Survey
, 378
European Health Interview & Health Examination Surveys Database website
, 378
European Skills/Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO)
, 377
European Social Charter
, 81–83
European Union (EU)
, 56, 100, 124, 130, 200, 260, 304, 332
adolescent medicine and health within
, 267
to boost primary care for children
, 377–381
directives
, 90
EU Public Health principle
, 360–361
health workforce
, 272
solidarity
, 382
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
, 316, 325
European Union Medical Specialties (EUMS)
, 260–261
European Values Study (EVS)
, 346–347
Eurostat (statistics database)
, 130, 135–137, 143–144, 376
Evaluation
, 379–380
of childcare
, 144, 172
economic
, 37
healthcare
, 160
Institute for Health Metrics and
, 137
of levers
, 30
of paediatric care
, 172
of quality of child care
, 167, 172, 173
skill set
, 37, 388
Expert Panel on Effective Ways of Investing in Health
, 15–16
Family medicine (FM)
, 4, 5
Financial
classifications
, 15–16
environment and spending
, 152–155
levers
, 339–340
national data on health expenditure and financing
, 153–155
provision classification
, 16–29, 109–110
First-contact care
, 4
Foreign-born children
, 105
Foreign-born parents
, 105
Free professional non-hierarchical model
, 16
Fundamental Rights Agency
, 316, 376
Funding
, 15–16
and equity of access
, 325
Gaming
, 332
Gatekeeper
and GP-led countries
, 332
and mixed-led countries
, 332
General practitioner (GP)
, 3, 15, 103–104, 182, 248, 332–333
GP/Family doctor-led model
, 15
Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child
, 79, 80
Germany
cross-ministerial involvement in strategic planning
, 124–125
quality aspect in
, 365–366
Gini coefficient
, 169, 261
Global Burden of Disease (GBD)
, 130, 137–139, 143–144
Global processes and movements
, 352
Globalisation
, 352
Good practices, expert views on implementation of
, 337–339
availability and use of guidelines and formal procedures
, 338
barriers and facilitators of implementation
, 338–339
Governance
, 30, 220–221
of primary care system
, 186
Greek Country Agent
, 100, 366–367
Hausman test
, 184
Health
children’s rights to
, 87
equity in
, 100–101
health-promoting school
, 233
indicators through World Bank Open Data database
, 141–142
inequalities
, 31, 102–103
outcome
, 31
services
, 2–3
Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study (HBSC Study)
, 130, 131, 134–135, 351–352, 354–355
Health care
, 238–239
child as actor in
, 80–87
organisation
, 220
professionals
, 5, 59–61, 251–259
providers
, 220, 233
quality
, 171–172
services
, 220
utilisation
, 103–104
of vulnerable children, undergraduate courses
, 263
workforce
, 248, 273
Health Experiences Research Group (HERG)
, 58–59
Health for All database (HFA database)
, 130, 131
WHO
, 131–143
Health Insurance Fund
, 314
Health policy
child-centric
, 84–85
planning for children’s services, issues in
, 124–125
and provision in European community context
, 376
Healthcare system
, 167, 238
factors
, 182
variables
, 195
Helplines
, 73
HL7 Foundation
, 298–299, 379–380
Home-based records
, 379–380
of children’s health
, 73
HON Code
, 296
Horizon 2020 scheme
, 360–361
Housing tenure, lack of
, 101
Human and technical resources (HRes)
, 131–132
Human Rights
European Convention on
, 81–83
Universal Declaration of
, 81–83, 89
Immunisation
, 339
coverage
, 168
Immunisation Information System (IIS)
, 298
Incentives
, 30, 41, 182–184, 334
Inequity
, 100–101
in access to health care
, 101
Europe addressing child health inequity in primacy care health systems
, 113–114
primary care and contribution to addressing health
, 103–106
quality indicators of primary and evidence
, 106–109
See also Equity
Infants
, 130
vaccination coverage in
, 334
Information
, 68, 70–71
provision for support to parents
, 325–326
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
, 137
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
, 81–83
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
, 81–83
International databases
, 173–174
comparison between country agents coverage and
, 175
International Federation of Medical Student Associations (IFMSA)
, 260–261
International Save the Children Union (UISE)
, 79
International variability in healthcare expenditures
, 251
Intertwining of health, economy and society
economic context
, 373
health policy and provision in European community context
, 376
societal context
, 373–376
Intractable epilepsy
, 201
Irish Pharmacy Union
, 307
ISTISAN Report
, 71
Justice, procedural
, 340–341
Kendall’s correlation matrix
, 165
Lead
clinician
, 15
practitioner
, 109
practitioner
, 15
Leadership
, 30
of children’s policies
, 123
Levers, behavioural
, 341
Listening
ethical means to children
, 377–378
to professional stakeholders
, 334–337
Listening to young people
, 56
changing attitudes to
, 56–57
communication and relationships with health care professionals
, 59–61
data collection
, 58–59
involvement and participation in care
, 60–61
MOCHA country agent questions about children
, 71–73
parent’s opinions and experiences on children’s autonomy
, 61–64
qualitative inquiry into children’s experiences
, 58
societal reactions
, 64–71
views and experiences
, 58–61
Long-term ventilation (LTV)
, 201
Looked-after children (LAC)
, 262
Measles-containing vaccine (MCV)
, 106
Media
, 87
campaigns
, 69
digital
, 349
e-health
, 295–297
social
, 70
traditional
, 70
Mental health
, 353–354
care
, 241–243
screening for
, 339
and self-harm
, 239
Mental healthcare services
, 123
Migrant children
, 355
entitlements to health care
, 110–112
Ministerial convention declarations
, 90
Ministry of Health (MoH)
, 87, 123
MOCHA analysis
, 172–175
comparison between international databases and country agents coverage
, 175
country agents questionnaire
, 174–175
international databases
, 173–174
measurement classification
, 173, 174
PREMs and PROMs
, 175
MOCHA countries
, 180
analysis
, 184
child health outcome indicators
, 180–181
description of dependent and independent variables
, 187–188
descriptive statistics of quantitative variables
, 189
explanatory variables
, 181–184
financing and service delivery classifications
, 183
findings
, 184–195
GDP per capita
, 195
methods
, 180
PHAMEU scoring system
, 185–186
results of regression modelling
, 192–193
values of quantitative variables by country
, 190–191
MOCHA External Advisory Board
, 390
MOCHA International Research Opportunity Instrument tool (MIROI tool)
, 41, 151
MOCHA Scientists
dissemination
, 389
economic and skill set evaluation and analysis of models
, 388
effective models of school health services and adolescent health services
, 386–387
electronic records and data
, 388
ensuring equity for all children in all models
, 388
identification and application of innovative measures of quality and outcome
, 387
identification and derivatives uses of large data sets and systems
, 387
identification of children’s primary health care models
, 385
interfaces of primary health care model with secondary, social and complex care
, 385–386
MOCHA External Advisory Board
, 390
project management
, 390
validated optimal models of children’s prevention-orientated primary health care
, 389
MOCHA survey into pharmacy use
, 305–308
increasing access for children and young people
, 305–306
quality of pharmacy services
, 306–308
Models of Child Health Appraised project (MOCHA project)
, 2, 14, 56, 100, 122, 125, 130, 142, 144–145, 160, 172, 196, 220, 238, 248, 284, 304, 332, 333, 346, 347, 351–352, 353–354, 360, 361, 364–366, 372, 373, 377, 379–380
aims
, 6–7
adapting frameworks for
, 38–40
background and origins
, 2–5
changing epidemiology
, 4
children’s health in Europe
, 3–4
coordination and WP interaction
, 10
country agent questions about children
, 71–73
country agents
, 8–10
data analyses
, 10
instruments
, 89–90
integration
, 11
investigation
, 355
life stage of child and
, 48–49
mapping of models of provision in
, 17–29
PC and scope
, 4–5
primary child health care in
, 5–6
in public consultation
, 375
research
, 77–78, 85, 89
stakeholder survey
, 367–368
structural equation modelling approach applied to MOCHA
, 167–171
structure and operation
, 7–8
structure of model in terms of
, 42–44
team
, 284
working model
, 40
Mortality
causes of
, 138
indicators
, 181, 195
Mortality Indicator dataset (MDB)
, 131–132
National Association of Pharmacies
, 307–308
National child and adolescent health strategies
, 122–125
issues in health policy planning for children’s services
, 124–125
ownership and leadership of children’s policies
, 123
relationship between national policy planning and provider planning
, 123–124
National health
and educational authorities
, 222–223
insurance fund
, 124
service-based systems
, 109–110
National policy planning
, 123–124
National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
, 240–241
Neo-liberalism
, 339
Neonatal intensive care
, 378
Neonatal mortality
, 194
Netherlands, quality aspect in
, 365–366
Non-communicable diseases
, 130
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
, 68, 86, 87
Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH)
, 155
Nurses
, 5, 248
for emerging models of care
, 276–277
training and skills
, 274, 275
Nursing
, 5
education
, 271
roles
, 273
Nursing workforce
, 272–277
need for specialised knowledge
, 274
preparing nurses for emerging models of care
, 276–277
Obesity
, 102
Ombudsman for Children
, 70–71
rights
, 87
Optimal model
children’s prevention-orientated primary health care
, 389
for children’s primary health care
, 382
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
, 142–143, 351–352
Out-of-home care (OHC)
, 112
See also Primary care (PC)
Paediatric and social setting
child health providers
, 266
qualifications of doctor to deal with cases in
, 263–266
Paediatric Nursing Association of Europe
, 274
Paediatrician-led model
, 15
Paracelsus NGO
, 68–69
Parent’s opinions and experiences on children’s autonomy
, 61–64
accessibility
, 63–64
confidentiality
, 64
empowerment
, 64
identity
, 323–324
Patient-reported Experience Measures (PREMs)
, 172, 175
Patient-reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)
, 172, 175
Penalties
, 333, 339–341
Perinatal health
, 378
PHAMEU
, 39, 184, 185–186, 220–221, 379
Pharmaceutical Group of European Union (PGEU)
, 327
Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland
, 307
Pharmacy
, 243, 327
MOCHA survey into
, 305–308
quality
, 306–308
services
, 304
themes by children and young people
, 308–309
Policy
, 310
child-centric Health
, 84, 85
child health
, 85, 86, 350–351, 352
evidence-informed
, 382
health
, 364, 376
obesity prevention
, 86
primary care
, 56
Poland, quality aspect in
, 365–366
Population characteristics, intervention content, environment and transfer–transferability process model (PIET-T process model)
, 333, 335–336, 360, 361, 368
format of recommendations
, 369
Postgraduate
, 260–261
curricula
, 271
training in field of adolescent medicine and health
, 267–270
Practical and operational record linkage
, 289–295
communication in other direction
, 296
linked record between primary care services
, 295
organisational linkages electronic record data sharing
, 290
policy for record
, 297
pupil sustains injury in school
, 297
types of electronic health data exchanged
, 291–292
Preferences fOr Child Health Care Assessed questionnaire (POCHA questionnaire)
, 61, 363
Preventive care
, 106, 248, 311–313
Primacy care health systems, child health inequity in
, 113–114
Primary care (PC)
, 2, 6, 130, 180, 248, 254–255, 273
in child centred ecological model and MOCHA
, 45–47
for children
, 304
community pharmacy to
, 304–309
comprehensiveness of care
, 186
continuity of care
, 186
and contribution to addressing health inequity
, 103–106
coordination of care
, 186
dental service contribution to
, 310–315
economic conditions of
, 186
EHRs for children in
, 285–286
in EU countries
, 332–333
governance of
, 186
health services
, 2
paediatricians
, 5
on population health
, 30–31
primary care-based system
, 248–251
providers
, 216, 287
quality indicator
, 196
quality measurEMENT
, 379
and scope
, 4–5
services
, 228, 238, 322–325
social care services interface with
, 315–326
strength
, 194
systems
, 15
teams
, 5
training in
, 251–259
values
, 14
workforce development
, 186
Primary care for adolescents
adolescent primary care services
, 239–240
adolescents’ rights and ethical issues
, 240–243
methods
, 239
Primary care for children
, 375
children’s evolving autonomy
, 381
collaborative and harmonised use of downloaded research databases
, 380
e-Heath standards and evaluation
, 379–380
economics of investing in children’s health
, 379
ethical means of listening to children
, 377–378
measuring primary care quality
, 379
optimal human resources
, 377
remedying invisibility of children in data
, 378–379
rights and equity
, 380–381
Primary care model
, 14–29
financial classifications
, 15–16
lead practitioner classifications
, 15
regulatory, financial and service provision classifications
, 16–29
Primary care workforce
, 248–251
configurations
, 273–274
country agent responses to questions on training of workforce
, 256–258
density of paediatricians by MOCHA typology
, 251
healthcare expenditure and workforce data for MOCHA
, 249–250
workforce sent to country agents
, 252–253
Primary child health care
in MOCHA
, 5–6
provision
, 14
Primary child health system
, 38
Primary health care (PHC)
, 4, 304, 323, 327
for children
, 361
co-location
, 321–322
conceptual framework behind assessment framework
, 320
experiences
, 363, 364
formal networks
, 322
informal networks or communication
, 322
integration between primary health care/social care
, 321
model with secondary, social and complex care
, 385–386
priorities
, 363–364
providers caring for adolescents
, 276–277
public experiences and priorities in
, 362–364
services
, 315
social care integration with
, 320–322
system
, 238
Primary Health Care Activity Monitor for Europe (PHAMEU)
, 39, 184, 185–186, 220–221, 379
Procedural Justice
, 340–341
Process Model for the Assessment of Transferability
, 362
Professional hierarchical gatekeeper model
, 16
Professional stakeholders, listening to
, 334–337
early recognition of mental health problems in adolescents
, 335
environment
, 336
feasibility, barriers and facilitators
, 335–336
intervention content
, 336–337
population characteristics
, 336
transfer
, 337
treatment and monitoring of chronic or complex condition
, 334–335
vaccination coverage in infants
, 334
Provision
of care
, 350
of health services
, 88
Proximal environment
, 85–86
Public
expression
, 68, 69
health EHR system
, 285
hierarchical normative model
, 16
involvement
, 124
outcry
, 87
perceptions
, 360
preference studies
, 10
voices
, 67–68
Public opinion and drivers
, 347–353
international determinants
, 351–352
situational aspects
, 352–353
socio-cultural factors
, 348–349
structural determinants
, 350–351
Quality
of adolescent primary care and amount and content of training
, 272
assurance
, 223
of care
, 131, 171–172
health care models
, 238–239
management infrastructure
, 233
of pharmacy services
, 306–308
Quality indicators of primary and evidence of inequity
, 106–109
findings
, 107–109
preventive care
, 106
Quality measures
children invisibility in
, 144–149
of healthcare system
, 171–175
Questionnaire
, 135
semi-structured
, 348
POCHA
, 61, 363
country agents
, 174–175
RäddaBarnenin Sweden
, 79
Random effects model
, 184–189
Recognition of Children’s Rights
, 87–88
Records-based research databases
financial environment and spending
, 152–155
seeking children’s data in
, 151–155
Record linkage
, 287–295
Regression modelling results
, 192–193
Regulatory provision classification
, 16–29, 109–110
Religion
, 349
Right of Child to Health
, 88
Right to Health
, 88
appraisal
, 89–90
core concepts of children’s
, 87–88
Rights
approaches
, 78–80
and equity
, 380–381
Rights of Child to Primary Care
, 90–95
Risk factors of inequity
, 104–106
family situation
, 104
gender
, 104
migrants/minorities
, 105–106
regional differences
, 106
SES
, 104–105
See also Inequity
School Health Service (SHS)
, 220, 272, 289, 293–294
collaboration
, 223–228
data management
, 232
discussion and implications
, 233
effective model of
, 386–387
equity and access
, 223
functions
, 222–232
governed and organised
, 222–223
implications and recommendations
, 233–234
indicators of access
, 224–227
indicators of workforce in
, 229–231
methods
, 220–222
quality assurance
, 223
services provided by
, 232
stakeholders’ involvement
, 232
tasks, roles and competence of SHS staff
, 228–231
Scottish Youth Parliament
, 125
Service provision classification
, 16–29, 109–110
Service quality measurement
MOCHA analysis
, 172–175
quality measures
, 171–172
Sexual and reproductive health
, 239
care
, 241–243
Social care
, 72–73, 327
legal basis for
, 316–320, 317–319
providers
, 216
Social care services
, 304, 315, 327–328
access and participation
, 325–326
coordination of social care and primary care services
, 322–325
integration of social care with primary health care
, 320–322
interface with primary care
, 315–326
legal basis for social care
, 316–320
Social inclusion
, 100, 376
Social media
, 70
Societal reactions
, 64–71
actions
, 69–70
actors
, 68–69
communication
, 70
information
, 70–71
Socio-cultural context
changing concept of child and history of rights approaches
, 78–80
child in
, 78–80
Socio-cultural factors
, 348–349
Socio-economic status (SES)
, 102, 104–105, 131, 263
Socioeconomic variables
, 180
Spain, quality aspect in
, 365–366
Specialised knowledge
, 275–276
distribution of child-related content
, 276
Spirometry
, 339
State care system, children in
, 112–113
Structural determinants
, 350–351
external structural determinants
, 350–351
internal structural determinants
, 350
Structural equation modelling (SEM)
, 10
applied to MOCHA
, 167–171
approach
, 167
economic context factor
, 169–170
example of SEM model applied to MOCHA dataset
, 168–171
immunisation coverage
, 168
mandatory vaccination
, 168–169
monitoring factor
, 170–171
Tracer conditions
, 41, 175–176, 201–202, 332
Transferability of primary child healthcare systems
, 332
expert views on implementation of good practices
, 337–339
listening to professional stakeholders
, 334–337
penalties, rewards and behaviour change
, 339–341
Transferability principles
, 360–362
Traumatic brain injury
, 201
Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)
, 145–146
Trillium II project
, 298–299
UN Convention on Rights of Child (UNCRC)
, 80–83, 100
Undergraduate
curricula
, 271
training in field of adolescent medicine and health
, 267–270
Undergraduate (basic) medical training
, 259–266
European Medical Schools’ curricula analysed by MOCHA
, 262
mandatory courses related to health care of subgroups
, 264
preparing students for management of vulnerable children
, 263–266
representative countries
, 262
skills and qualifications to adequately treat
, 261
whole population approach
, 260
Undergraduate programmes in Bulgaria, Germany and Iceland
, 263–266
qualifications of doctor to deal with cases
, 263–266
skills and qualifications to overcome challenges
, 265
training in personal and interpersonal skills
, 263
undergraduate courses relating to health care of vulnerable children
, 263
Undocumented children
, 105–106
Unemployment of parents
, 102
Unified business modelling techniques (UML)
, 10
methodology
, 200–201
use of case diagram
, 213
Unique record identifier (URI)
, 287, 288
United Kingdom, quality aspect in
, 365–366
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
, 238–239
United Nations Convention on Rights of Child
, 315
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
, 81–83
United Nations General Assembly (1990)
, 238
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)
, 81–83
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
, 238–239
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
, 81–83
Universal health coverage (UHC)
, 131
Vaccinations
, 107–108, 339
coverage in infants
, 334
Validated principles
, 201–202
access to care
, 202–205
co-creation of care
, 202, 206–207
effective integrated governance
, 202, 208–210
Violence
, 241–243
Viral gastroenteritis
, 106–107
Vulnerable adolescents
, 241
Vulnerable populations
, 110–113
children in state care system
, 112–113
migrant children’s entitlements to health care
, 110–112
Work packages (WPs)
, 7–8, 10
coordination and WP interaction
, 10
Workforce
, 182, 350
development
, 220–221
nursing workforce
, 272–277
primary care workforce
, 248–251
training in adolescent health medicine
, 266–272
training in primary care
, 251–259
undergraduate (basic) medical training
, 259–266
World Bank Open Data and DataBank
, 139–140
World Factbook
, 140–142
World Health Organization (WHO)
, 101–102, 131, 171–172, 222, 232, 238–239, 267, 272, 351–352, 353–354
HFA
, 131–143
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
, 89
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 The MOCHA Project: Origins, Approach and Methods
- Chapter 2 Models of Primary Care and Appraisal Frameworks
- Chapter 3 Listening to Young People
- Chapter 4 Child Centricity and Children’s Rights
- Chapter 5 Equity
- Chapter 6 The Limited Inclusion of Children in Health and Health-related Policy
- Chapter 7 The Invisibility of Children in Data Systems
- Chapter 8 The Conundrum of Measuring Children’s Primary Health Care
- Chapter 9 Measurement Conundrums: Explaining Child Health Population Outcomes in MOCHA Countries
- Chapter 10 Services and Boundary Negotiations for Children with Complex Care Needs in Europe
- Chapter 11 School Health Services
- Chapter 12 Primary Care for Adolescents
- Chapter 13 Workforce and Professional Education
- Chapter 14 e-Health as the Enabler of Primary Care for Children
- Chapter 15 Affiliate Contributors to Primary Care for Children
- Chapter 16 The Transferability of Primary Child Healthcare Systems
- Chapter 17 National and Public Cultures as Determinants of Health Policy and Production
- Chapter 18 Bringing MOCHA Lessons to Your Service
- Chapter 19 Evidence to Achieve an Optimal Model for Children’s Health in Europe
- Appendix 1: List of MOCHA Scientists
- Appendix 2: List of MOCHA Country Agents
- Index