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Prelims

Seyed Mohammad Moghimi (University of Tehran, Iran)

Principles and Fundamentals of Islamic Management

ISBN: 978-1-78769-674-7, eISBN: 978-1-78769-673-0

Publication date: 10 December 2018

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Citation

Moghimi, S.M. (2018), "Prelims", Principles and Fundamentals of Islamic Management, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xvii. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-673-020181010

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:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2019 by Emerald Publishing Limited

Half Title

PRINCIPLES AND FUNDAMENTALS OF ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT

Title Page

PRINCIPLES AND FUNDAMENTALS OF ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT

BY

SEYED MOHAMMAD MOGHIMI

University of Tehran, Iran

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Publishing Limited

Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2019

Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited

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ISBN: 978-1-78769-674-7 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-78769-673-0 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-78769-675-4 (Epub)

List of Figures

Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 The Process of Shaping an Organization Based on the Verses of the Quran 5
Figure 1.2 The Goals in the Hereafter-oriented Organization 13
Figure 1.3 Interacting the Right Beliefs and Good Deeds in Shaping an Organizational Goodly Life 17
Figure 1.4 The Elements of Hereafter-oriented Organization in Islamic Management 20
Figure 1.5 Comparison of the Elements of Hereafter-oriented Organization with Secularism 23
Figure 1.6 The Level of Individual and Organizational Purposes Based on Islamic Management Attitude 27
Figure 1.7 The Management Levels in Hereafter Organization 35
Figure 1.8 The Managers' Features and Characteristic from Our Prophet's Point of View 53
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 Process of Islamic Management Knowledge Formation 61
Figure 2.2 Methodology of Islamic Management Studies 73
Figure 2.3 Various Approaches to Islamic Management 79
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Planning Principles Based on Quranic Teachings 104
Figure 3.2 Moderation in Use of Resources 107
Figure 3.3 Muslim People's Performance Area 114
Figure 3.4 Planning Levels and Authority of Plan Determination in Hereafter-oriented Organizations 115
Figure 3.5 Planning Layers and Their Relations with Each Other in Hereafter-oriented Organizations 116
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 Different Kinds of Decision-Making Situations Based on the Narration of Imam Ali (AS) 13
Figure 4.2 Continuum of Levels of Attaining Knowledge About Phenomenon 124
Figure 4.3 Knowledge Increasing through Cothinking with Experts to Attain Information 124
Figure 4.4 Nature of Confirmed and Unconfirmed Information in Islamic Management 126
Figure 4.5 Phases of Decision-making Based on Consultation on Mohaghegh Sabzevari's Thought 137
Figure 4.6 Structures and Aspects of Trust in God in Decision-making 142
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 Different Kinds of Political Systems from the Viewpoint of Mulla Hadi Sabzevari 148
Figure 5.2 Management Hierarchy in the Inspiring School of Islam 149
Figure 5.3 Characteristics of Efficient Laws Based on What Quran Teaches 164
Figure 5.4 Aspects and Consequences of Division of the Work From the Viewpoint of Imam Ali (AS) 173
Figure 5.5 Relationship of Power with Purpose in Hereafter-centered Organizations 175
Figure 5.6 Aspects and Consequences of Legitimacy and Acceptance Amalgamation from the Viewpoint of Imam Ali (AS) 178
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Chain of Creation's Purposes from the Viewpoint of Quran 184
Figure 6.2 The Relationship Between Characteristics and Performance of the Employees in Hereafter-oriented Organizations 203
Figure 6.3 Phases of Socialization in Hereafter-oriented Organizations 208
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 Types of Organizational Behaviors by Type of Organization and Their Staff 219
Figure 7.2 Hierarchy of Human Needs in a Hereafter-oriented Organization 222
Figure 7.3 Organizational Commitment in a Hereafter-oriented Organization 224
Figure 7.4 Human Communication Skills in Islamic Management 227
Figure 7.5 Comparison of the Types of Approaches Related to the Leader–Follower Relations 230
Figure 7.6 The Moralistic Culture Model for Unitarianism Organizations in Islamic Management 232
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 The Relationship between Types of Supervision, Disciplinary Measures, and Consequences 238
Figure 8.2 Principles of Organizational Control and Supervision Based on Verses and Islamic Narrations 247
Figure 8.3 Individual Punishment and Collective Benefits in the Islamic Disciplinary System 257
Figure 8.4 The Principle of Decisiveness in the Organizational Control System Based on the Management Style of Solomon (AS) the Prophet 260
Figure 8.5 Types of Reward and Punishment System Strategies in Hereafter-oriented Organizations 265

List of Tables

Chapter 1
Table 1.1 Typology of Organization and Their Social Functions According to Imam Ali (AS) 18
Table 1.2 Reviewing the Definitions of Management from the Islamic Scholars' Perspective 37
Table 1.3 Managers' Features and Characteristics from Imam Ali's (AS) Point of View 55
Chapter 2
Table 2.1 Tools of Recognition in Islamic Management 70
Chapter 8
Table 8.1 The Dimensions and Components of Self-control Based on the Narrations of the Infallibles 242
Table 8.2 Dimension of Public Control System Based on Quranic Verses 245
Table 8.3 Principle of Repentance and Forgiveness with Reference to Quranic Verses 252

About the Author

Seyed Mohammad Moghimi is a Professor of Management at Department of Public Administration, University of Tehran, Iran. His most important expertise and interests include Islamic Management, Public Administration, and Entrepreneurship. His most remarkable scientific activities include publishing 120 scientific papers in well-known journals, publishing 29 books, conducting 34 projects in national and organizational levels, supervising more than 20 Ph.D. and postdoctoral dissertations, participating in many international conferences, and representing over 30 papers in universities of Spain, Switzerland, Germany, France, Greece, Malaysia, and Iran in Persian, Arabic, and English languages. He cooperates with many journals like Islamic Management Journal as Editor-in-Chief, Director-in-Charge, and Editorial Board Member. Also, he works with many organizations as advisor, and he has been the executive manager and CEO of several institutes and dean of several colleges. His paper entitled “Public sector managers and entrepreneurship in Islamic Republic of Iran” published in Journal of Management Development has been awarded the Outstanding Paper in the 2010 Emerald Literati Awards. Since 2010, he is acting as UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship (UCE).

Preface

“In the name of Allah, the most beneficent, the most merciful”

“And we have sent down to you the Book (the Quran) as an exposition of everything, a guidance, a mercy, and glad tidings for those who have submitted themselves (to Allah as Muslims).” (Al-Nahl Verse No: 89)

The classic approach in management is based on this assumption that management conceptions have a generalized and universal identity irrespective of what environment they are applied. In management literature, there is another view that believes each position has a unique situation and the principle of management cannot be general and universal (case view) and learning management is possible through experiencing and exploring the cases in particular positions. For incorporating both perspectives (universal view and case view), a contingency view is proposed which does not recognize any of these two views and, instead, it considers individual requirements or variables to detect and realize positions by management. The basic idea of contingency or the situational approach is that there is no special managerial act appropriate for all situations. The contingency approach tells us that what is applicable in a particular complex may not work in another one, and the managers' reactions to the specific situation depend on the current circumstances and contingencies in that particular organizational situation. Since the value system ruling the society is the most influential component in the management operations, and regarding the assumptions of contingency theory, it is necessary for Islamic managers and societies looking for the governance of moral and spiritual values in their organizations to codify the basics and principles of management based on Islamic world view. Analyzing the type of the divine Prophets' management along with verses and narrations of the inspirational Islamic school, especially the Holy Quran, Nahj al-Balaghah will result in many instructive and informative lessons that ,according to effectiveness of management form the culture, studying and analyzing them is an inevitable necessity for codifying local pattern. The author believes that the rich Islamic sources are full of practical templates for managing the organizations in line with humanity material and spiritual welfare. The present book has tried to refer to the Quran and the other rich Islamic sources among which Nahj al-Balaghah is the most noteworthy, in order to provide a modern framework that is suitable for current requirements and necessities. For this purpose, the writer has carefully analyzed many Islamic sources expecting to find managerial content in them, so it can be said without any exaggeration that the volume of reviewed topics are beyond 10,000 pages. In the beginning of this series, the Holy Quran was carefully studied, and over 500 verses that appeared to be important from the author's point of view were derived through taking subjective notes. And then, by referring to the comments of the Holy Quran as a communicative bridge between the researchers mind and the Quran's bright verses, those guidance and orders of the Quran which are relevant to management science were analyzed. In utilizing the Quran, the author has considered verse 89 of Al-Nahl surah as a basic principle. Since the Quran is a guidance book for the general public and is expected to guide people, this heavenly book has talked about anything related to guide the people. Therefore, management and topics related to operating human communities are the subjects whose related discussions can be extracted from Quranic verses. The purpose of the Quran is not to provide managerial techniques and methods (although we can extract some managerial techniques from Quranic verses), but regarding Quranic verses, we can codify statements and presumptions that provide researchers of organizations with frameworks by which they can formulate guiding principles and rules and even managerial models and techniques for here and Hereafter bliss using their creative minds. This process has been repeated about many key Islamic sources, inter alia, Nahj al-Balaghah as the second main source after the Quran for writing this book has been explored frequently.

Efficient management contingency paradigm for promoting the aims of the Islamic system requires theoretical advancement and systematic codifying preassumptions and intellectual and practical management foundations from the Islamic point of view and spreading Islamic management style at all organizational and national levels. Today, one of the subjects that has become a concern and anxiety for researchers in the management arena is the detection of the managerial pattern of progressive and oriented excellence based on time and place requirements in the framework of the Islamic value system. Accordingly, management thinkers tend to design and explain the managerial models and paradigms in the Islamic management field fitted into their studied interests and assumptions. The author of this series has appreciated the valuable services implemented in this area that has been mainly provided in the forms of book and paper, meanwhile he has taken a distinctive approach and has tried to present a distinguishing product. The author has set the issues of the book within the following framework.

This book can be used in many areas such as Principles and Fundamentals of Islamic Management, business ethics, principles of management, comparative management, human resource management, international management, management philosophy, and the like, as the primary or supplementary reference for students, researchers, and practitioners.

This book could not have been written without the help of a number of people. I would like to thank the following persons for their support and suggestions.

First of all I wish to thank my publisher, Niall Kennedy, of Emerald Publishing Limited, for his great service and expert advice. He supported the entire development of the book with great proficiency. I would like to appreciate Kerry Laundon and Nick Wolterman of Emerald Publishing for their professional support. Likewise, I sincerely express my gratitude to the honorable members of the production team, especially Mohamed Imrankhan, Vasu, Arun, Sophie Darling, and Mike Hill who have been carefully following all their roles. Prof. Hossein Khanifar, Prof. Asadollah Kordnaeij, Prof. Taher Roshandel Arbatani, Dr Mousavi Moghaddam, Arash Pazooki, Morteza Azarpira, Abbas Kousari Mehr, Babak Nematollahi, and Jahangir Isfahani have offered informative suggestions on scientific resources and specialized terminology, and they have provided the author with valuable contributions in arranging the contents of the book, and I appreciate them all.

Finally, I would like to give special thanks to my family who supported me throughout this great project. I'd like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my adorable wife and to my son and daughter Seyed Mahdi and Mahya Sadat.

Seyed Mohammad Moghimi

University of Tehran, Iran

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