Access to trade agreements

, 28

Act of Supremacy (1534)

, 5, 75

Act of Uniformity (1534)

, 75

Amazon.com

, 91, 92, 93, 94, 179, 190

Ambition to succeed

, 92, 127

Andreessen, M.

, 97

Anglosphere civilisation

, 15

Antwerp

, 7, 43, 77, 82, 157

Apple

, 91

Apple iPhone

, 33, 104

Article

, 50, 26

of the Lisbon Treaty

, 25

negotiation time period

, 27

Article 68 of Vienna Convention of Treaties

, 26

Asian Financial Crisis

, 42, 43, 59, 161

Asset values/valuations

, 20, 118, 163

Augsburg Confession

, 73

Austerity

, 45–46

Automotive supply chains

, 39

Babylon Health

, 95, 190

Balance of Payments

current balance

, 121

deficit

, 42

Bale, J.

, 69

Barton, E.

, 68, 70

Beatlemania

, 18

Beer halls (of Munich)

, 149

Big Bang Disruption

, 93–95

Bilateral Treaty(ies)

, 27, 28

Bill (Parliamentary)

, 29, 30

Black swan events

, 105

Blair, T.

, 20

Blockbuster disrupters

, 161

Boleyn, A.

, 73

Borgia Pope Alexander IV

, 62

Boulton Watt

, 98, 160

Brexit (Current)

dislocation

, 140

dividend

, 133, 153

divides

, 147

legislative programme

, 29–30

negotiations

, 25, 29, 81

opportunity

, 160–161

post-Brexit

, 30, 85, 93, 154, 162

Referendum

, 71

uncertainty

, 89, 140

vote

, 122, 125

voting towns

, 126

Brexit day

, 27, 28, 136

Brexit (Previous)

AD

, 410, 2–3, 51–60

Elizabeth I

, 4–5, 73–89, 154, 157, 160, 164

Henry VIII

, 3–4, 5, 61–72

Brexiteer

, 10, 66, 142, 146, 147, 150, 154, 155, 169

Brexit White Paper

, 162, 169–171

Brin, S.

, 92

Britannia

fortress

, 76

Roman Colony

, 157

Britannica

, 12

British Eveready Battery Company

, 102–103

British exceptionalism

, 9

British Social Attitudes Survey

, 11, 131, 154

Bubbles, financial

, 101, 119

Bulkley, R.

, 77

Cabot, J.

, 79

Cabot, S.

, 79

Camden, W.

, 12

Canon Law

, 66

Capital

flows

, 41, 42, 45, 47, 48, 160, 161

investment

, 35, 36, 37, 45, 46, 48, 100, 103, 107, 116, 117, 123, 140, 163, 192

venture

, 49, 92, 95, 97–99, 101, 104, 159

Capitalism

, 54, 100–101, 110, 160, 164

definition of

, 100–101

Carmarden, R.

, 82

Century

Fifth

, 54, 55–58

Fourth

, 52–55, 157

Nineteenth

, 77, 78, 101, 126

Seventeenth

, 164

Sixteenth

, 7, 12, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66–67, 68, 69–70, 71, 76, 77, 78, 79, 97, 109, 152, 156, 164

Third

, 51–55, 157

Twentieth

, 98

Chancellor, R.

, 79, 80, 82

Changing population

, 112

Chartered corporations

, 86

Cheriton, D.

, 92

Churchill, W. S.

, 22–23

Citadels of Remain

, 14

City of London

, 99, 163

Cloth trade

, 77, 156

Clusters

, 106, 108, 140

Cobden Chevalier Treaty (1860)

, 78

Coin/coinage, Roman

, 3, 4, 51–60, 68, 72, 73

Comecon

, 138

Complexity

, 30, 32, 40, 59, 104

Complex supply chains

, 3, 6, 53, 87, 154, 162

Confidence

, 41, 42, 43, 85, 89, 128, 129, 133, 160, 161, 163, 181

Conservative

, 13, 64, 154

Consumption

, 19, 48, 136, 181

Continuity

, 87

Cornish Bank

, 98–99

Corn Laws

, 77

Creative destruction

, 95

Cromwell, T.

, 3, 4, 30–32, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 85, 109, 154, 156

Crowding out

, 46, 47, 181

Culture, entrepreneurial

, 95

Customs arrangements

, 154

Customs Union

, 25, 29, 137, 162

Darrye, R.

, 64

Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)

, 49, 97, 104–105, 106–107

Deficit

Balance of Payments

, 76

pension fund

, 123

Public Sector

, 43, 46

Trade

, 5, 28, 41, 42, 140

Defined benefit pensions

, 10, 115

Delusion

, 86–87

Deregulation

, 18

Devolution

, 11

Disruption

, 45, 48, 51, 52, 59, 71, 93, 123, 143, 154, 162

Dynamics

, 104, 122, 150, 155

Dyson

, 92, 93, 136

Ecclesiastical Appeals Act (1532)

, 65–66

Ecclesiastical Law

, 66

Economic

activity

, 42, 57, 142

autarky

, 76

benefits

, 95

challenges

, 55

dependencies

, 54

difficulties

, 115

event

, 58

gravity

, 48, 56, 57, 59

growth

, 47, 122

model

, 54, 187

shock

, 32, 42, 47, 56, 58, 59, 72, 102, 138

success

, 6, 8, 36, 85, 89, 122, 158–160

Economy, grey

, 36

Economic shock therapy

, 47

Economists for Free Trade

, 77

Elizabethan (age)

, 2, 72, 74, 76–79, 81–82, 84, 86

trade negotiations

, 81

Elizabeth I

, 5, 70, 73–89, 94, 109, 154, 157, 160, 164

Empire

British

, 22, 109

Roman

, 2

Employment growth

, 33–35

England First (policy)

, 76–81

English

Englishman’s castle

, 18–19

exceptionalism

, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 69, 84, 164

heroic

, 12

Industrial Revolution

, 98

national identity

, 11

Entitlement culture

, 118–122

Entrepreneurial

exceptionalism

, 5–7, 164

state

, 53, 104, 157

Entrepreneurs

, 7, 35, 38, 88, 91, 92, 97, 97–98, 99, 100, 109, 131, 140, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 192

Entrepreneurship

, 101, 158

Erasmus

, 64

Euratom

, 27, 30

European Aviation Safety Agency

, 27

European Communities Act 1972

, 67

European Council

, 26, 165, 166, 168

European Court of Auditors

, 13

European Court of Justice (ECJ)

, 25, 63, 67, 136, 167, 168

European Parliament

, 165, 167

European Union

, 2, 11, 25, 28, 30, 62, 123, 135, 165–166, 169

Directives

, 22

negotiations

, 26, 29, 44

EU/UK Brexit negotiations

, 27, 44

EU/USA 2011 Air Safety Treaty

, 27

Lisbon Treaty

, 6, 25, 26, 63, 165, 167

Subsidiarity

, 67, 159, 167–168

Eveready

, 102–103

Exceptionalism

British

, 9

English

, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 69, 84, 164

entrepreneurial

, 5–7

German

, 15

national

, 15

Exchange Traded Funds

, 100

Execution Streams

legislative programme

, 29–32

negotiation

, 28–29

Export

growth

, 76

productivity

, 45

sectors

, 45

Facebook

, 6, 91, 93, 150, 151, 190

Fairchild Instruments

, 96

Fake news

, 69, 150–151, 164

Fifth Century

hard Brexit

, 55–58

monetary and spatial shock

, 58

Financial

bubbles

, 101, 119

crisis

, 1, 6, 35

hubs

, 42, 43, 99

institutions

, 99, 100

markets

, 49, 99, 100, 101, 115, 117, 118, 119, 140, 192–193

products

, 100

services

, 34, 42–43, 44, 77, 84, 87, 139

Financial liberalisation of mortgage market

, 19

Financial services

, 44–45

Foreign Direct Investment

, 45, 107

Fraunhofer Institute(s)

, 182

Free health care

, 10, 115

Free trade

, 77

Free Trade Agreements

, 134, 136, 137, 140, 160

Funding paradox

, 97, 99

Gallic Chronicle (AD 452)

, 51, 55

Gaul

, 2, 51, 52, 55, 57

GDP per capita

, 191

General Election

, 137

Generational divide

, 123–124

changing population

, 111–112

entitlement culture

, 118–122

funding retired people

, 115–118

Genetic make up

, 15, 16, 152

German

, 15, 23, 63, 117, 136

exceptionalism

, 15

stock market

, 117

Germany

, 6, 32, 38, 39, 49, 51, 52, 63, 64, 82, 113, 145, 146, 149, 152, 164, 166

Global adventuring

, 79

Global Britain

, 81, 94, 148

Global Crash

, 10, 34

Global Innovation Economy

, 48

entrepreneurial capital

, 95–99

human capital, importance of

, 108

innovating new markets in face of uncertainty

, 103–108

long-term financial returns need constant innovation

, 99–102

Platform Firms and Big Bang Disruption

, 93–95

rapidly changing world

, 93

technology clusters

, 95

Google

, 49, 91, 92, 93, 98, 100, 158, 161, 178–179, 190

Google Earth

, 49

Great Debasement

, 4, 72

Great Depression

, 43, 59

Great Yarmouth

, 126–127

Harrison, E.

, 91

Hate crime

, 14–15

Henrician Reformation

, 2

Henry VIII

, 3, 4, 5, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 79, 85, 155, 183

High growth firms

, 89

Hitler, A.

, 152

Home ownership

, 9, 19, 120, 121, 122

House prices

, 18, 19, 42, 49, 86–87, 115, 120–121, 133

Housing

market

, 23, 42, 115, 118, 119, 121, 122, 163

social

, 9, 133

Housing affordability

, 120

Human capital

, 108

Iceland banking collapse (2008)

, 43

Identity, voting

, 9

Immigration

, 13–15

Bill

, 30

EU

, 14

non-EU

, 14

real wages

, 33

Imperial Army (Roman)

, 2

Income

distribution

, 34, 35, 115, 123, 129–130, 191

real

, 35, 36, 71, 129, 142

redistribution

, 47

Information

barriers

, 94

Commissioner

, 149

flow

, 149

Innovation

Big Bang

, 93

capacity

, 39

clusters

, 108, 110

competitive

, 76

diplomatic

, 62

global

, 48, 91–110

hothouse

, 104

incremental

, 93

level

, 39

Mission Based

, 104

product

, 37

rate

, 117

Schumpeter

, 100

technical

, 95

Triple Helix

, 104

Intergenerational issues

, 35, 121, 122, 163

International dimension (s)

adjusting to new international model

, 139–141

free trade dreams

, 136–138

trade

, 142–143

Internet

, 36, 69, 94, 145–152

Internet of Things

, 48, 104

Investment

capital

, 102

direct

, 100, 107, 140

inward

, 140

iPhone

, 93

Islamaphobia

, 14

Jenkinson, A.

, 79–82

Job creation sectors

, 114

Jobs

creation

, 114

routine/semi routine

, 125

self-sustaining

, 132

skilled

, 133

stable

, 15, 84

subsidy

, 131

well-paid

, 133

zero-hours contracts

, 158

Job subsidies

, 130–132

Johnson, B.

, 147

Kaufmann, E.

, 10

Keynes, J. M.

, 78

Knowledge

, 27, 98, 107, 150, 184

Labour

flexibility

, 140

foreign

, 83

intensive

, 33

market

, 10, 178

productivity

, 113

share (and share in GDP)

, 33

skills

, 37

Labour force participation

, 32, 33, 113, 114

Labour hour, value added

, 132

Labour Party

Remain voter

, 16–17

voters

, 122

Laffer, A.

, 47

Laffer Curve

, 47–48, 109, 139

Lawson Doctrine

, 139

Leave campaign

, 123, 146, 151

Leaver

, 1, 9, 11, 13, 16, 17, 22, 84, 146, 147, 149, 156, 164

Leave voter

, 6, 9, 10, 14, 16, 17, 22, 23

Left Behind

, 10, 23, 33

ambition

, 127–128

defined

, 125–127

earnings

, 129–130

economic success

, 158–160

job subsidies

, 130–132

stability

, 128–129

votes/voters

, 10, 23, 125–134

Legislation

, 4, 30, 70, 135, 165

Legislative programme

, 29–32

Liberal Democratic Party

, 122

Lisbon Treaty

, 6, 25, 26, 63, 165, 167

Living standards

, 18, 20, 35, 47, 88, 113, 132, 164

Londinium

, 51, 52

London

City of

, 99, 163

customs farm

, 82

role as a hub for finance

, 18, 42, 43, 99

London Company of the Merchant Adventurers

, 76, 97, 157, 187

Long-term financial returns

, 99–102

Low productivity

, 34, 35, 122, 127

Low wages

, 33, 127

Maffesoli

, 17

Market

adjustment

, 42, 49, 135, 163

allocation role

, 157

asset trading

, 118

digital

, 94, 95

economy

, 52, 53, 54, 59

EU

, 44, 140, 169

financial

, 49, 99, 100, 115, 117, 118, 119, 140, 192

housing

, 23, 42, 115, 118, 121

prices

, 37, 119

rationality

, 119

single

, 2, 7, 162, 170

stock

, 117, 135

stress

, 51

valuation

, 119

values

, 119

Marshall/Lerner Condition

, 179

Mary, I.

, 4, 68, 71, 73, 74

May, T.

, 25, 29

Mercantilism

, 4–5, 72

Merchant Adventurers (London Company of)

, 76, 77, 79, 82, 86, 97, 157

Merkel, Frau

, 166

Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (MSMEs)

, 39, 92

disrupting businesses

, 161

Middle-class voters

, 13

Minford, P.

, 48, 142, 187

Minsky, H.

, 119

Mittlestand

, 49

Monetary

economy

, 3, 53, 55, 57, 85, 157

policy

, 19, 179, 192

union

, 166

Mortgage-free home

, 10

Most Favoured Nation status (MFN)

, 78

M-Pesa

, 38

Multiple borders

, 39

Multiplier

, 95

Muscovy Company

, 79, 86

Mutual Recognition

, 27, 28, 44, 162, 170, 171

National Health Service

, 23, 84, 115, 123

Nationalism

, 62, 148, 152

nationalistic sentiment

, 11

Nation state

, 3, 61, 71, 148

Natural Monopolies

, 94

Natural Rate of Interest

, 192

Nazi

, 15, 152, 196

Neutral Rate of Interest

, 192

Neutral search algorithms

, 150

New fault lines

, 146–147

News

fake

, 69, 150, 151, 164

internet

, 150

social media feeds

, 150

Newspapers

, 25, 85, 150

Nietzsche, F

, 147–148

Nihilism

, 147, 154

Non-EU Trade

, 28, 136, 170

Non-pensioner income

, 115

Non-Tariff Barriers

, 40, 136, 162, 188

Occupational Pensions/Schemes

, 10, 115

Oil Crisis (1973)

, 18

Opportunity

, 6, 46, 86, 87, 92, 95, 105, 133, 147, 159, 164

Brexit

, 160–161

challenge

, 88, 152

Owner Occupation

, 120, 121

Page, L.

, 92

Papacy

, 61, 62, 185

Papal policy

, 63

Parliament(ary)

, 4, 30, 67, 68, 165, 167, 168, 184

Pension

, 10, 20, 33, 115, 115–118, 123

assets

, 118

benefits

, 36

Defined Benefit

, 33, 118

Occupational

, 10, 115

old age

, 115

Pensioners

, 10, 33, 115–116, 122

housing

, 115

incomes in 2017

, 115

National Health Service

, 84, 123

pensions

, 115

wealth

, 87

Pension Funds

assets

, 117

contributions

, 117

deficit(s)

, 116, 123

fund saving flows

, 117

solvency

, 117

Pension scheme funding risks

, 117–118

People’s Brexit

, 156

Philip II (of Spain)

, 4, 74

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536)

, 4, 31, 68, 72, 109, 155

Pilot project

, 128

Platform Company(ies)

, 93–94, 95, 179

Plato

, 152

Pope(s)

, 5, 63–64, 75, 183

Clement VII

, 184

Julius II

, 62

Popularism

new fault lines

, 146–147

nihilism as mainstream policy

, 147–149

post-modern truth

, 152

Post 2008 crash

, 32–33, 115

Post-Brexit

customs arrangements

, 85, 154

data exchange

, 94

jurisdiction

, 30

supply chains

, 162

Post-Corn Law repeal

, 78

Post-Modern Truth

, 152

Pottery

, 52, 58

Praed Bank

, 97, 98, 100, 101, 160

Praemunire (statute of)

, 3, 66–67, 186

Primary legislation

, 67

Privateering

, 81

Pre-Brexit world

, 17–21

Productivity

, 32–34, 37, 45, 122, 131, 132, 136, 162, 178

capital

, 37

capital allocation

, 101

growth

, 46

improvement(s)

, 112, 122

labour

, 113

leaders

, 45

sectors

, 36, 113

total factor

, 32, 37

Project Fear

, 154

Pro-Leave

, 84

Public Firms/Companies

, 45, 49

Public sector

, 43, 45–46, 47, 181

Racism

, 15

Real

economy

, 42, 59

estate

, 34, 41

income

, 35, 36, 71, 129, 142

prices

, 43

wages

, 4, 5, 19–20, 21, 33, 34, 35, 46, 65, 72, 73

world

, 43, 139, 153

Rebellion(s)/revolts

Kett’s Rebellion (1549)

, 4, 74

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536)

, 4, 31, 68, 72, 109, 155

Western Rebellion (1549)

, 202

Wyatt’s Rebellion (1554)

, 4, 74

Redistribution, income

, 47

Red Robo

, 18

Rees-Mogg, J.

, 146, 155

Referendum (Brexit)

, 11, 14, 15, 22, 25, 84, 125, 147, 151, 153

Reformation (English)

, 67, 185

Region/regional

, 17, 23, 33, 95, 140

Regulation

, 18, 30, 44, 76, 94, 136, 137, 160, 168, 171, 193, 197

uncertainty

, 44

Regulator(s)

, 27, 30, 41, 117, 170, 190

Regulatory

, 30, 40, 44, 77, 136, 137, 171

Remainer

, 22, 147, 154, 156, 164

Remain supporters

, 16

Remain voter

, 16

Renaissance Prince

, 61

Rentier

, 33

Research and Development/R&D

, 107, 171

Restructuring

, 18, 20, 44, 45, 140

Retirement funding

, 115–118

Roman

Army

, 52, 55, 58

Britain

, 2, 12, 51, 58, 85, 109

Britons

, 15

Catholicism

, 4

Civilisation

, 12

coin

, 3, 53, 54

Emperor

, 3, 61

Empire

, 2, 15, 51, 56, 59, 160, 180

Holy Roman Emperor

, 3, 61

identity

, 17

State

, 52, 53, 57

Royal

Court

, 31, 69, 85

gifts

, 80

Licences

, 81

Succession

, 4, 31, 67–68

visits

, 68

Rumsfeld, D.

, 47

Schumpeter, J. A.

, 36, 100

Scotland

, 11, 16, 74, 75, 84

Secondary Legislation

, 30

Sector-based analysis

, 37

employment growth

, 33

Self-employment

, 35, 177

Semi-conductor industry

, 96

Semi-skilled (employment)

, 136

Services

, 36, 37, 44, 105, 131, 140, 159, 161, 170, 178

Shock therapy (economic)

, 47

Silicon Valley

, 96–97, 101, 103–104, 106, 107, 108, 159

Single Market (European)

, 2, 7, 25, 41, 137, 162, 170

Sixteenth Century legal background

, 66–67

Skill(s)

, 33, 36, 48, 75, 89, 133, 159, 161

enhancement

, 37, 48

entrepreneurial

, 161

levels

, 159

reskilling

, 162

support

, 161

Social Media

, 6, 21, 149, 150, 151, 154, 164

Spielman, A.

, 128

Stuckley, W.

, 12

Subsidiarity

, 67, 165, 167, 168

Subsidy(ies)

job

, 130–132

wage

, 132

Sudden Stop Crises

, 43

Sultan, O.

, 80

Supply Chain(s)

, 3, 5, 31, 38–41, 45, 52, 54, 57, 58, 59, 79, 85, 87, 154, 157, 162

complex

, 3, 6, 53, 87, 154, 162

Swinging sixties

, 18

Tax

cuts

, 47–48

dissatisfaction (with)

, 4, 69

Farms

, 82

payments

, 2, 55, 58, 115

Technology

companies

, 178

manufacturing

, 178

platform

, 95

Technology clusters

, 95

Third Century Brexit

, 51–55

Third country (non EU)

, 28, 29

Tier 1 OEM manufacture

, 39

Total Factor Productivity

, 32, 37

Trade

Agreement

, 77, 134, 136, 137, 140, 160

borderless

, 2, 160

Cloth

, 77, 156

Deficit

, 5, 28, 41, 42, 43, 141, 179

export

, 77, 157

Free

, 39, 47, 77, 78, 109, 136–137, 140

International

, 81, 142–143

Training

, 133

Transition (Agreement)

, 28, 29, 30, 86–88, 139

Treason Act (1534)

, 68

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

, 145

Tribe

, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 57, 72, 150

Triple Helix Innovation Model

, 104

Triple locked state pension

, 10, 115

Tudor Rebellions

, 74–75

UK

aid projects

, 38

current trade

, 41–45

Referendum

, 9

welfare spending

, 116

UNCTAD

, 45

Unilateral free trade

, 77

United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP)

, 10

University, entrepreneurial

, 159

Unskilled (labour)

, 136

Varian

, 96

Venture capital market

, 97, 99, 104

Verdoorn’s Law

, 178

Viterbo, Annio de

, 69

Vodafone M-Pesa

, 38

Voter coalition

, 16–17

Wage subsidies

, 131–132

Wales

, 5, 9, 11, 12, 61

Wanniski, J.

, 47

Watt–Boulton Steam Engine

, 98

Wealth distribution

, 19

Welfare

, 4, 13, 14, 20, 69, 71, 115, 116, 129, 131, 133, 136, 155, 163

corporate

, 131

White, W.

, 96

White working class

, 10, 23, 84, 125, 127, 128, 133, 148

Withdrawal Bill

, 29

Withdrawal Treaty

, 29

Zero-hours contracts

, 20, 158

Zinc chloride technology

, 103