Index

Citation

(2019), "Index", Visvizi, A. and Lytras, M.D. (Ed.) Politics and Technology in the Post-Truth Era (Emerald Studies in Politics and Technology), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 287-299. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-983-620191020

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2019, Editorial matter and selection Anna Visvizi and Miltiadis D. Lytras, published under exclusive license. Individual chapters the respective Authors.

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INDEX

Note: Page numbers followed by “n” with numbers indicate foot notes.

Abnormal returns (AR)

, 30

Absher

, 237–238, 241, 243

Abstractive summarization

, 79

Academia Sinica Bilingual Ontological Wordnet (BOW-WordNet)

, 65

Accountability

, 124–125, 206

Administrative processes

, 240

Advanced computational techniques

, 4–5

Africa, internet and democratization in

, 15–20

“Al Jazeera effect”

, 12

Al-Qaida

, 190, 191n3

Albania, digital diplomacy in

, 195–197

Analytics

, 74

Big Data

, 92, 96

predictive

, 82

text

, 76, 79–80

Android 7.0 Google

, 134

Angel community

, 52

Angola, internet and democratization in

, 16

Anonymization

, 89–90, 97–98, 101

decision-making framework

, 109

Anti-migration messages

, 150

Anticorruption

, 6, 165, 168

ICTs as anticorruption tools

, 162–165

Appropriate mathematical procedure

, 95

Arab Spring

, 13, 15

Arab Spring movements (2010)

, 191

drivers of

, 190

Article 29 Working Party (WP29)

, 93–94, 97

Artificial intelligence system

, 62

Asia-Pacific region

, 262

Aspect-based analysis

, 80

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

, 269

Associations with groups

, 132

AT&T Transparency Report

, 134n7

Autonomous Key Control

, 174

Behavior scores

, 74

Belarusian socio-political model

, 44

Belarusian information space

, 49–50

Belarusians’ unity and homogeneous society

, 47–48

Constitution of the Republic of Belarus

, 45

national security

, 44–45

political activity and forms of public engagement

, 48–49

political party system and NGOs

, 46

sphere of state interests

, 45–46

Big Data

, (see also Information and communication technologies (ICTs)), 24, 59, 76, 204

analytics

, 92, 96

techniques

, 61

Biometric data

, 91–92

Bitcoin

, 172, 179

BitCoinFog

, 177

Blockchain

, 173–174, 176

possibilities of

, 180

Blogging

, 12

Boomer Barons

, 132

Bosnia, digital diplomacy in

, 197

Brexit referendum

, 28

Brexit Twitter network

, 30–31, 37

Brokers

, 77

data

, 131

Budgetary transparency

, 165

Bulgaria, corruption in

, 164

“Caged” countries

, 224

Capital flight

, 179

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

, 66

Catching-up

, 266, 275, 278

Cause-effect model

, 275

CCC–rating

, 192, 196

Censorship

, 11

Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)

, 4, 6, 144

recommendations for CEE states

, 153–155

risks to CEE state security

, 150, 152–153

Russian information war and propaganda in

, 148–150, 151

“Champ” countries

, 224

Chief financial officer (CFO)

, 253

Chief information officer (CIO)

, 248

Chinese Network Sentiment Dictionary (CNSD)

, 66

Chinese retaliation to tariff increment

, 31–34

Cine ce a promis/Who promised what

, 167

Citizens

, 207

engagement models

, 225

journalism

, 13

Civic issue tracker model

, 225

Civil activism

, 44

Civil initiatives in Belarus

, 51–54

Civil society management

, 180

Closed circuit televisions (CCTVs)

, 115–116, 118, 122

Closed-response types

, 136

CNN effect

, 12

Code exchange model

, 225

Cognitive ties

, 248

Color-coded graphs

, 254

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

, 265

Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)

, 134–135

Community

detection

, 77

support

, 172

Comprehensive sentiment mining approach

, 65

Computational Linguistics

, 78

Confederação Nacional da Indústria (CNI)

, 210

CNI X TBIW data occurrences comparison

, 214

comparison between CNI answers and TBIW correspondence

, 213

sample of keywords equivalence TBIW × CNI

, 211

Confidentiality

, 106

Consent management system

, 111–112

Constitutional rights

, 139

Contemporary politics and society

internet and new media actors in Belarus

, 50–51

new information and communication challenges

, 50

new social platforms and civil initiatives in Belarus (2017)

, 51–54

online communication

, 43–44

peculiarities of Belarusian social and political model

, 44–50

Contemporary Russian information space

, 144

Content

lack diversity

, 19

virality

, 27

Control agent

, 120–121

Conventional content censorship

, 14

Conventional media

, 32

Cook County of Illinois (USA)

, 180

Cookie identifiers

, 90

Corpuses

, 136

Corruption

, 162, 164, 214–215

reduction of

, 241

Cost reduction

, 239

“Counter-culture” in CEE

, 154

Crime

, 120–121

Cryptocurrencies

, 6, 172, 174, 178

Cryptographic key management

, (see also Data protection), 174–175

Cultural capital

, 224

Cumulative abnormal returns (CAR)

, 36–38

Currency issuance method

, 174

Cyber Command

, 124

Cyber intelligence

, 5

accountability and reforms

, 124–125

CISA

, 116

cyber-surveillance legislation

, 118–119

literature review

, 117–118

narrative and silence

, 119–121

Snowden and debate over US cyber intelligence

, 121–124

Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act

, 119

Cyber terrorism

, 5

Cyber-surveillance legislation

, 118–119

Cyberattacks

, (see also Data protection), 116, 153

Cyberbullying

, 139

Cybersecurity

, 121, 123

Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA)

, 116

Cyberspace

, 116

Data

brokers

, 131

collection

, 65

concept

, 102–103

consumers

, 110

controllers

, 93–95, 110

disclosure

, 108–110

concerning health

, 92

management

, 76

mining

, 76, 204

policy

, 228

preprocessing

, 66

publishers

, 110–111

sets

, 224

sharing principles

, 228

subject

, 89–90, 110

subject consent

, 107, 110

technical issue of data disclosure

, 108–109

transit

, 134–135

over wall model

, 225

Data protection

, 107

to compliance with GDPR

, 101–102

legislative frameworks

, 82–85

to mitigate risks

, 98–101

obligations

, 101

Decision-making

, 163, 165, 191, 205

virtual currency impact

, 178–181

Degree centrality

, 77

Democracy

, 10–11

digital

, 205

flawed

, 15

oligarchization of

, 152

Democratization in Africa

, 15–20

Denial-of-service attacks (DDoS attacks)

, 153

Denmark, digital developments in

, 162

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

, 91

Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development, Canada

, 189–190

Department of Homeland Security

, 124

Detector de Ficha de Político

, (see Politician’s Record Detector)

Diffusion patterns of political content

, 24

Chinese retaliation to tariff increment by United States

, 31–34

context

, 28

event characterization

, 29

event studies

, 27–28

identification of relevant events

, 29

information diffusion in social networks

, 25

Jo Cox’s murder

, 34–38

metrics

, 30–31

models

, 25–27

network construction

, 29–30

results

, 31

Digital activism

, 13, 19

Digital Agenda for Europe

, 160

Digital communications

, 117–118

Digital democracy

, 205

Digital diplomacy

, 189–190

cheerleaders of

, 199

in context of ministries of foreign affairs

, 190–191

country profiles

, 195–200

digital platforms

, 194

frequency of publishing on social media

, 195

population and social media penetration

, 193

in practice

, 192–195

reports

, 188

Digital Diplomacy Review

, 188, 192, 196–200

Digital Diplomacy Strategy

, 198

Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI)

, 161–162

Digital Kosovo initiative

, 198

Digital media

, 11

Digital Pearl Harbor

, 123

Digital platform

, 241–242

Digital single market

, 160–161

Digital technologies

, (see also Information and communication technologies (ICTs)), 159–160, 224

“Digital tiger”

, 191

Diplometrics

, 190

Dismiss, distort, distract, dismay approach (4D approach)

, 153–154

Distributive justice effect

, 251

Document frequency (DF)

, 63

Document-level techniques

, 80

Domnule Primar/Dear Mr. Mayor

, 166

Double-spend attack

, 178

Durable top management support

, 252–253

E-commerce

, 238

E-government

, 4

economic impacts of project

, 239–240

impacts in Saudi Arabia

, 240–242

in Saudi Arabia

, 237–238

tax collection system

, 239

E-Konsullata (mobile application)

, 196–197

Economic Freedom Index (2017)

, 278

Economic/economy

, 240–241, 262, 266

capital

, 224

objective

, 27

policy

, 179

Education

, 213

factor

, 153

Effort justification effect

, 249

Egypt, internet and democratization in

, 15–16, 19

Emotions

, (see also Public mood and emotion modeling), 60

mining

, 59

Encryption

, (see also Data protection), 101

mobile devices

, 134

Enterprise resource planning system (ERP system)

, 247

Entity recognition (ER)

, 79

EOS

, 172

Epidemic models

, 26

Ethereum

, 172

Ethical behavior

, 206

Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)

, 273

European Banking Authority

, 179

European Data Portal

, 106

European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS)

, 96

European Union (EU)

, 5

DESI

, 161–162

digital single market, inclusion, and public services

, 160–161

ICTs

, 160–161

European Union Data Protection Directive (1995)

, 82

Event studies

, 27, 32

adaptation to social network analysis

, 28

event characterization

, 29

Exchange strategies

, 246, 251

Exposure effect

, 249

Extended Technology Acceptance Model

, 223

Extractive summarization

, 79

Facebook

, 24, 53, 59, 61–62, 83, 134, 165, 194, 198–199

Feature selection method

, 63

Feature weighting method

, 63

Federal Service for Supervision of Communications

, 146

File-based encryption

, 134

Financial markets

, 58

impact of ICT and Development on

, 60–61

Finland, digital developments in

, 162

First Amendment

, 116n2

51% attack

, 178

Flickr

, 25, 194, 196, 198–199, 200

Foreign affairs, digital diplomacy in context of ministries of

, 190–191

Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO)

, 190

Foreign direct investment (FDI)

, 267

Foreign Trade Integrated System

, 272

“Forerunner” countries

, 224

“Forward” transactions

, 275

Four-stage model

, 224

Fourth Amendment

, 116n2

Fourth Industrial Revolution

, 1

Foxconn Technology Group

, (see Hon Hai Precision Industry Company)

Free speech

, 10–11, 24

Freedom of internet

, 14

ICT and democratization

, 10–15

internet and democratization in Africa

, 15–20

Freedom of press

, 19–20

Gagging clauses

, 121

“Game theory” strategy

, 123

Gazeta (Russian newspaper)

, 147

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

, 5, 74, 82–84, 89–90

data protection techniques as means to compliance with

, 101–102

General Inquirer (GI)

, 66

Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH)

, 30–31, 36

Genetic data

, 91–92

Gephi Twitter Streaming Importer

, 29

Global Competitiveness Report

, 227

Global value chains (GVC)

, 260

backward and forward participation

, 276

ICT and

, 274–277

model of cooperation

, 277

share of export-added value

, 277

Google

, 62

Android 7.0 Google

, 134

NLP

, 210

server

, 135

Google-Profile of Mood States

, 60

Google+

, 194

Governments

, 131

institutions

, 207

sector development

, 242

Harmonized System (HS)

, 261

Herzegovina, digital diplomacy in

, 197

Homeland Security Act (HSA)

, 118–119

Hon Hai Precision Industry Company

, 67

HTML tags

, 66

Human Development Index (HDI)

, 18

Human dynamics

, 25

Human trafficking

, 139

Hybrid threats

, 144

iCloud (Apple)

, 135

Identity theft

, 132

iDiplomacy

, 191

Illegal activity

, 139

Import Duty (II)

, 272

Independent cascades model (IC model)

, 26

Indirect data provision

, 224

Induced compliance effect

, 249

Industrialized markets

, 268–269

Industrialized Product Tax (IPI)

, 272

Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)

, 18

Information

, (see also Big Data)

blocking tools

, 13

diffusion in social networks

, 25

extraction

, 79

privacy

, 106

security

, 144

weapon

, 146

Information and communication technologies (ICTs)

, 2, 10, 57–58, 130–131, 159–160, 172, 204, 259–260

as Anticorruption Tools

, 162–165

best practices as participatory tools in Romania

, 166–167

comparison of continents’ creative industries and share of GNP

, 264

and democratization

, 10–15

and development

, 277–281

Development Index

, 17

development path along software value chain

, 279

difficulties suppliers

, 279

employment as share of total employment

, 265

in EU

, 160–161

features of international market for

, 260

goods

, 261, 263

and GVCs

, 274–277

impact and development

, 59–62

level of competition

, 280

perspective social media impact on politics

, 208

politics and

, 2–8

role, and size of market

, 260–265

in Romania

, 162

value-added in ICT sector

, 264

world exports of telecommunications and computer and information services

, 266

Information Security Doctrine (Russia)

, 147

Information security risks

information war concept and propaganda in Russia

, 145–148

recommendations for CEE states

, 153–155

risks to CEE state security

, 150, 152–153

Russian information war and propaganda in CEE

, 148–150, 151

Information systems project (IS project)

, 245–246

politics and political influence in

, 247–251

top management support

, 246–247

two-stage process

, 251–255

Information war

, 144

and propaganda in Russia

, 145–148

Instagram

, 59, 70, 194, 196

Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA)

, 119

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

, 260

International Labour Organization

, 260

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

, 261

International Open Data Charter (2018)

, 103

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

, 58

International trade

, 260, 265

Internet

, 10, 24, 149, 159–160

in Africa

, 15–20

in Belarus

, 50–51

censorship

, 13

freedom

, 20

protocol addresses

, 90

traffic information

, 119

users

, 73

Voice over IP traffic

, 134–135

Inverse document frequency (IDF)

, 63

Islamic State

, 191n3

Italian legislation

, 104

Italian Open Data License

, 108

JavaScript

, 66

k-anonymity

, 101

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

, 222, 227

Knowledge discovery from data (KDD)

, 76

Kosovo, digital diplomacy in

, 197–198

l-diversity

, 100–101

Lag-1

, 67

“Laggard” countries

, 224

Learning

, 242

machine

, 63, 80–81

supervised

, 60, 81

unsupervised

, 81

Legislation

, 163

cyber-surveillance

, 118–119

Italian

, 104

Legitimate interests pursued by controller

, 95–97

Linear threshold model (LT model)

, 26

LinkedIn

, 59, 194, 197

LiveJournal blog

, 60, 146

Local data at-rest

, 134

Macedonia, digital diplomacy in

, 198–199

Machine learning

, 63, 80–81

Market capitalization

, 172

Market penetration

, 193n4

Mass communication

, 6, 10–12

Mass media

, 146

Mass mobilization

, 11, 13, 15

Media actors in Belarus

, 50–51

Merchandised Product and Service Circulation Tax (ICMS)

, 272

Message processing effect

, 250

Micro-targeting

, 75

Microblogging

, 12, 32, 59

Miners

, 173–174

Mining

, 173

emotion

, 59

Mobile device

, 134

Mobile internet

, 50

Mobile phones

, 11–12

Mobile social media penetration

, 193n4

Modernity

, 117

Montenegro, digital diplomacy in

, 199

Moore’s law

, 177

Morphemes

, 78

Morphological analysis

, 78

MPLA

, 16

MySpace

, 61

Naive Bayes (NB)

, 63

Nanya Technology Corporation (NTC)

, 67

National contact center

, 237–238, 241, 243

National security

, 120–121

clauses

, 121

National Security Agency

, 121–122, 124

PRISM program

, 121

National security/terrorist/threat

, 139

National Taiwan University Sentiment Dictionary (NTUSD)

, 65

National Transformation Program

, 227

NATO scepticism

, 150

Natural language processing (NLP)

, 76, 78, 80, 136

morphological and lexical analysis

, 78

syntactic analysis

, 78–79

Negativity bias effect

, 250

Netherlands, digital developments in

, 162

Network

, (see also Social network)

capacity

, 13

construction

, 29–30

graphs

, 76

peer-to-peer

, 173

structural

, 24

VPN

, 12

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

, 12, 14, 46, 155, 166–167, 277

Non-governmental sector

, 155

Non-profit organizations

, 209

Non-tariff barriers (NTBs)

, 260, 268, 270

Non-tariff protections (NTP)

, 269

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

, 144

Occupy movements (2011)

, 13, 191

Oil crisis (2018)

, 16

“Oligarchization” of democracy

, 152

One-bit communication devices

, 25

Online

communication

, 43–44, 51

identifiers

, 90

mobilization

, 204

petition

, 52–53

OPEC

, 27

Open data

, 102–105

anonymization and pseudonymization

, 97–98

booklet/guideline

, 228

data protection and

, 107

data protection techniques

, 98–102

initiatives

, 223

legal issue of data disclosure

, 109–110

legitimate interests pursued by controller

, 95–97

lifecycle

, 110–112

openness and

, 102–105

personal data types

, 91–93

portal of Saudi Arabia

, 227

privacy and

, 105–106

profiling and automated individual decision making

, 95

publishing

, 107–110

set feedback

, 226

set request

, 226

set specifications

, 226

status of data controller

, 93–95

technical issue of data disclosure

, 108–109

Open Definition (2018)

, 103

Open Government Data (OGD)

, 7, 221–222

adherence

, 224

evaluation of national OGD portal

, 227–229

facilitators and hindrances in re-using datasets

, 230–232

initiatives

, 222

portals

, 226

related research

, 223–227

research directions

, 233

social and practical implications

, 229

Open Government License (OGL)

, 108

Open Government Maturity Model (OGMM)

, 188, 195

levels and rankings of observed countries

, 196

Open Knowledge Foundation

, 103

Opinion mining

, (see Sentiment analysis)

OpinionFinder tool

, 60

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

, 261

Over-the-top content (OTT content)

, 134–135

Parsing

, (see Syntactic analysis)

Participatory open data model

, 225

Peer-to-peer network (P2P network)

, 173

Personal computers

, 261

Personal data

, 89–90, 107

different types of personal data

, 91–93

relating to criminal convictions and offences

, 92

Personal information

, 109, 138–139

Personal relationships

, 248

Pew Research Center

, 130n2

Pew Survey data

, 136

Piata de spaga/The bribery market

, 166

Pinterest

, 59

Polarity

, 138–139

lexicon usage

, 66

Policy

data

, 228

economic

, 179

social

, 43

virtual currency impact

, 178–181

Policymakers

, 206–207

Political campaigns

, 82

future research

, 85–86

social media and

, 74–75

Political/politics

, 24, 260

activity

, 48–49

attitude’s perspective

, 205–206

behaviors

, 246

choice of political influence strategies,

, 251–255

events

, 29

and ICT

, 1–8

impact of ICT and development

, 61–62

ICT’s perspective

, 208

in IS project

, 247–251

maneuvering

, 8, 246

news and TAIEX price prediction

, 68–69

parties

, 46, 82–85, 207

perspectives of social media impact

, 205

power in

, 77

service

, 58

stakeholder’s perspective

, 206–208

“Politics 2.0”

, 73–74

Post-Soviet space

, 154

Poverty

, 16

reduction

, 14–15

Pragmatic economic approaches

, 48

Predator/child pornography

, 139

Predictive analytics

, 82

Press Agency of Slovak Republic (TASR)

, 155

Prioritatile orasului tau/Priorities of your city

, 166–167

PRISM program

, 119–125, 125

Privacy

, 131, 139

and open data

, 105–106

Privacy Panel Survey

, 135

Project

crises

, 252

managers

, 248–249

team members

, 248–249

Protectionism

, 267

Pseudonymization

, 90, 97–98, 101

“Psychology tricks”

, 209

Public Diplomacy 2.0 initiative

, 190

Public diplomacy scholars

, 189

Public engagement

, 48–49

in Belarus

, 43–54

Public management practices

, 224

Public mood and emotion modeling

financial news of single company and TAIEX prediction

, 67

ICT

, 57–58

impact of ICT and development

, 59–62

political news and TAIEX price prediction

, 68–69

research methodology

, 65–66

sentiment classification and analysis

, 62–64

Taiwan 50 financial news and TAIEX price prediction

, 67–68

Public mood dynamic prediction model

, 61

Public sector information (PSI)

, 103

Public security

, 215

Quality demands

, 268

Radio frequency identification tags

, 90

Rational persuasion strategy

, 246, 249–251

Ratiu Center for Democracy

, 167

Reciprocal obligation

, 251

Rede Globo initiative

, 209

Reforms of cyber intelligence

, 124–125

Regex algorithm in python

, 209–210

Reinforcement effect

, 251

Relation extraction (RE)

, 79

Remote data at-rest

, 134–135

Resource Center for Public Participation

, 167

Resources

, 224

provision

, 247

“Responsive democratization”

, 11

Revolution 4.0

, 261–262

“Revolution” in ICT

, 11

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

, 91

Risk

, (see also Information security risks)

assessment

, 99

associated with private data

, 132–133

calculus

, 118

to CEE state security

, 150, 152–153

identification

, 99

in virtual currency

, 177–178

Romania

best practices in using ICTs as participatory tools in

, 166–167

corruption in

, 164–165

culture of transparency

, 163

ICTs in

, 162

RSS Feed

, 194, 199–200

Russia Today (RT)

, 146

Russian information

landscape

, 144

war and propaganda in CEE

, 148–150, 151

Russian Information Security Doctrine

, 146

Russian propaganda

, 144–145

information war concept and

, 145–148

Saudi Arabia

case study of Saudi Arabian OGD Initiative

, 227–229

e-government in

, 237–238

social impacts of E-government

, 241–242

specific impacts of E-government

, 240–241

Yesser project in

, 238

Security

, (see also Information security risks), 118–119

national

, 44–45

public

, 215

security-oriented technologies

, 117–118

Sentence-level techniques

, 80

Sentiment analysis

, 5, 59, 62–65, 80, 131

constructing corpuses

, 136

data transit

, 134–135

encrypting mobile devices

, 134

literature review

, 131

modeling and research findings

, 137–140

privacy

, 131

remote data at-rest

, 135

research methodology

, 136

research study

, 135–136

risks associated with private data

, 132–133

Sentiment mining

, (see Sentiment analysis)

Sentiment polarity modeling

, 66

Serbia, digital diplomacy in

, 199–200

“Seventh sense”

, 44

Shared Key Control

, 174–175

Simple cue effect

, 249–250

Slovak Foreign Policy Association (SFPA)

, 154–155

Small-and medium-size enterprises (SMEs)

, 260

Smartphone location tracking

, 118

SMS text messages

, 134–135

Snapchat

, 59

Snowden, Edward

, 117

and debate over US cyber intelligence

, 121–124

Social

capital

, 224, 246, 248–249

engagement strategy

, 246, 249

event studies adaptation to social network analysis

, 28

influence analysis

, 77–78

interactions

, 25

mobilization

, 14

movements

, 13

network sentiment

, 38

policy

, 43

security number

, 132

social-economic factor

, 153

Social media

, 4, 7, 58, 61, 138, 149, 152–153, 207

in Belarus

, 43–54

ICT impact and development

, 59

impact on politics

, 205–208

mining

, 59

penetration

, 193n4

platform

, 63

and political campaigns

, 74–75

as PR tool

, 75

tools

, 187–189

Social media analytics

, 74, 76

big data

, 76

community detection

, 77

data mining

, 76

machine learning

, 80–81

natural language processing

, 78–79

predictive analytics

, 82

social influence analysis

, 77–78

text analytics

, 79–80

Social networking services (SNS)

, 24–25, 27, 51

Social networks

, 76–77

information diffusion in

, 25

sites

, 59, 165

Social platforms in Belarus

, 51–54

Society

, 238–239, 241–242

Socio-economic structure decentralization

, 175

Socio-political discourse

, 45

Sovetskaya Belorussiya

, 50

Speculative investment in virtual currencies

, 178

Stakeholder

dialogue

, 110

perspective social media impact on politics

, 206–208

State authorities

, 13–14

Statistical inferences

, 132

Statistical procedure

, 95

Stock market trend prediction

, 66

Stock price movement

, 60

Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence (StratCom)

, 155

Subjectivity analysis

, (see Sentiment analysis)

Superpanopticon

, 116, 118

Supervised learning

, 81

Supervised machine learning algorithms

, 60

Support Scores

, 74

Support vector machine (SVM)

, 63

Surveillance

, 115–116, 118, 134–135

Sustainable administration

, 181

Sustainable Development Goals (2015)

, 15, 181

SVO triplets

, 79

Sweden, digital developments in

, 162

Swedish International Development Cooperation framework

, 14

Symbolic capital

, 224

Syntactic analysis

, 78–79

t-closeness

, 100–101

Tadawul

, 237–238, 240, 243

Taiwan Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX)

, 61

financial news of single company and

, 67

political news and

, 68–69

Taiwan 50 financial news and

, 67–68

Taiwan Science and Technology Park

, 58

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC)

, 67

Tariff protection

, 268

Tariff war, USA–China

, 23, 29–30

Taxonomy

, 92–93

Technical and organizational measures

, 95

Technical attacks

, 14

Telecommunications

, 134–135

Temporal models

, 26–27

Term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF–IDF)

, 63

Term presence (TP)

, 63

Text analytics

, 76, 79

information extraction

, 79

sentiment analysis

, 80

summarization

, 79

Text mining

, 5, 59

research domain

, 136

“The Brazil I Want” initiative (TBIW initiative)

, 204

Brazilian issues

, 208–215

comparison between CNI answers and TBIW correspondence

, 213

count of most commented keywords

, 212

data gathering, extraction, and handling process

, 210

perspectives of social media impact on politics

, 205–208

sample of keywords equivalence TBIW × CNI

, 211

sample of salience result of keyword employment in

, 211

sample of subtitle

, 211

Third Amendment

, 116n2

Topological models

, 26

Trade

barriers to

, 265–274

international

, 260, 265

trading volume

, 172

weighted tariffs applied average tariffs rates in

, 269

Traditional media

, 144

channels

, 206

Transnational companies (TNC)

, 261

Transparency

, 104, 177, 205–206, 241

in activity of public officials, civil servants, board members

, 163

in operation supervision

, 177

True Blues

, 132

Trust

low

, 253

in project team

, 253

Tunisia, internet and democratization in

, 15–16

Twitter

, 23–24, 26, 31, 53, 59–62, 83, 194, 198–199

UK Anonymization Network guidance (UKAN)

, 109

UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

, 261

UN development goals

, 262

Unemployment

, 15, 210, 215

Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model

, 223

United States (US)

, 116

cybersecurity arrangement

, 124

National Security Agency

, 119–120

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

, 84–85

Uruguay Round of GATT

, 268

US Trade Representative Office (USTR)

, 28

USA–China network construction

, 29–30

User practices

, 224

User-generated content

, 76

Value-added tax (VAT)

, 272–273

Violation of user rights

, 14

Viral content

, 27

Virality

, 27

Virtual currency

, 6, 171–172

applications

, 175–177

function

, 172–175

impact on policy and decision-making

, 178–181

risks and threats

, 177–178

Virtual private networks (VPN)

, 12

Virtual public sphere

, 13

Volume, velocity, and variety (3V’s of Big Data)

, 76

Voter engagement

, 75

Voting systems

, 179

Vulnerability Index

, 150

Vulnerability of legal rights

, 177

“Weaponization of culture and ideas”

, 154

Web 2.0

, 160

Web traffic

, 134–135

Web-based collaborative systems

, 215

Webpage mining

, 59

WeChat

, 59

Western Balkan communicators

, 189

Western Balkan Countries

, 192–195

WhatsApp

, 19, 134

World Customs Organization Harmonized System

, 261

World Health Organization

, 260

World Trade Organization (WTO)

, 8, 260

tariff reductions and increasing membership

, 268

Yesser project

, 237–238, 240–241, 243

YouTube

, 61–62, 194, 196, 198–200

Zerocash

, 177