Index
Radicalisation and Counter-Radicalisation in Higher Education
ISBN: 978-1-78756-005-5, eISBN: 978-1-78756-002-4
Publication date: 12 November 2018
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
McGlynn, C. and McDaid, S. (2018), "Index", Radicalisation and Counter-Radicalisation in Higher Education (Great Debates in Higher Education), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-002-420181008
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019 Catherine McGlynn and Shaun McDaid
INDEX
Abdullah, Bilal
, 60
Abdulmutallab, Umar Farouk
, 60, 62
Abedi, Salman
, 145
Adebolajo, Michael
, 3, 94
Adebowale, Michael
, 3
Adorno, Theodor W.
, 45
Afghanistan
, 14, 18, 42
Ahmed, Kafeel
, 60
Ajegbo Report
, 25
Algeria
, 14
Al-Muhajiroun (AM)
, 58
Al-Qaeda
, 2, 3, 14, 16, 18–20, 32, 60, 61, 63, 65
Angry Brigade
, 48
Ann Arbor
, 43
Anti-abortion politics
, 15
Armstrong, Geoffrey
, 52
al-Assad, Bashar
, 2
Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO, UK)
, 3, 30
Aum Shrinkiyo
, 13
Awan, Mohammed
, 3
al-Awlaki, Anwar
, 60–62
Azzam, Abdullah
, 61
Baader, Andreas
, 46
al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr
, 2
al-Banna, Hassan
, 55
Bates, Lord
, 66–68
Belfast City Centre
, 15
Begg, Moazzam
, 57
Belgium
, 2
Bin Laden, Osama
, 14, 16, 18
Blears, Hazel
, 69
Bloody Friday
, 15
Bosnia
, 42, 56–57
Bosnian war
, 56
British Medical Association
, 99
British National Party (BNP)
, 28
Browne Report of 2010
, 77
‘Bunch of guys’ theory
, 21
Bush, George W.
, 18
Business-as-usual approach
, 109
Cameron, David
, 34
Canada
student radicalism
, 46–47, 72
Cantle Report
, 25
Carlile of Berriew, Lord
, 30
Centre for Social Cohesion (CSC)
, 62
CHANNEL strategy
, 27, 30, 31, 37, 82–83
partnership
, 87, 88, 90
Vulnerability Assessment Framework
, 35
Charlie Hebdo attacks
, 75
Chilling effect
, 4, 9, 73, 150
Choudary, Anjem
, 58
Choudhry, Roshonara
, 60–62, 72
Christian Identity Movement
, 14
Citizenship Survey of England and Wales 2010
, 34–35
City University Islamic Society
, 62
Civil liberties
, 30–31
Classroom etiquette of controversial topics
, 116–121
Cold War
era, approach to terrorism
, 18
US foreign policy
, 71
Commune
, 1, 45
Communism
, 46, 72
Communist Party
, 44
Community cohesion
, 34, 147
Community integration
, 147
Compangnies Républicaines de Sécurité (CRS)
, 44
Compliance
, 84–87, 106
Conservatives
, 77
and Liberal Democrats, PREVENT under coalition between
, 30–37
CONTEST (counter-terrorism) strategy
, 2, 6, 24, 28, 145–147, 154
See also Counter-terrorism
Controversial topics
classroom etiquette of
, 116–121
teaching and learning
, 112–113
Counter-extremism
, 31
Counter-extremism and Safeguarding Bill
, 148
Countering radicalisation to violence (CRV)
, 7
Countering violent extremism (CVE)
, 7
Counter-radicalisation
, 2, 4, 5, 11, 17–18, 19, 24, 28, 29, 31, 38, 99, 106, 146, 148, 149, 153, 154
as clumsy and potentially counter-productive
, 127–134
compliance
, 112
in university classroom
, 111–113, 115, 116, 121, 141–144
See also Radicalisation
Counter-terrorism
, 3, 12, 17, 19, 22, 31, 42
effectiveness of
, 148–156
recommendations for
, 156–158
university students’
, 59–65
See also CONTEST (counter-terrorism) strategy; Terrorism
Counter-Terrorism and Security Act of 2015 (CTSA)
, 1, 34, 42, 66, 69, 72, 75, 81, 109, 113, 149
Cox, Jo
, 146
Culture wars
, 117
Dearing Report of 1997
, 77
de Gaulle, President
, 44
Department for Communities
, 34
Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG)
, 26
Doherty, Kieran
, 52
Dutschke, Rudi
, 45
Egypt
, 55
Emwazi, Mohammed (aka Jihadi John)
, 3, 59
English Defence League (EDL)
, 58
Ensslin, Gudrun
, 46
Equality
, 28
Equality Act of 2010
, 81, 86
Europe
, 14
student radicalism
, 41
European Commission
, 4
European Union
, 19
Euskadi ta Askatasuna (ETA)
, 5, 16
Extreme right-wing terrorism
, 146
Extremism
counter-extremism
, 31
countering violent
, 7
defined
, 104–105
Islamist
, 23, 54, 103
non-violent
, 82, 109
violent
, 1, 34, 35, 109, 121, 124, 148
ERG22+
, 35–37, 67, 100, 104, 137
Farooq, Mohammed Umar
, 64–65, 70, 142
Far-right
, 11, 14–16, 28, 33, 90, 101, 136, 138, 146, 154
Fatah
, 91
Federation of Student Islamic Societies (FOSIS)
, 54, 55
Forster, Anthony
, 78, 86
Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution
, 18
France
, 71
student radicalism
, 43, 44
Frankfurt School
, 45
Freedom of expression
, 9–10
Freedom of Information
, 79, 80
Fundamental British Values
, 33, 104, 105, 132
Germany (West – FRG)
, 15, 71
student radicalism
, 44–46
Glasgow airport attacks of 2007
, 59, 60
Glees, Anthony
, 145
Good Friday Agreement of 1998
, 16
Governance of higher education, radicalisation and
, 75–110
academic debate about Prevent Duty in universities
, 82–84
compliance
, 84–87
partnership
, 87–91
research procedure and methodology
, 79–82
values
, 105–109
vulnerability
, 92–105
Graham, Edgar
, 53
Great Britain. See United Kingdom (UK)
Grievance
, 21, 22
Grooming
, 123
Guantanamo Bay
, 57
Habermas, Jürgen
, 45
Hamas
, 16, 91
Henry Jackson Society
, 62
Higher Education Commission for Pakistan
, 7–8
Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE)
, 78, 79, 81, 94, 105–107
Higher education institutions (HEIs)
, 1, 5–7, 34, 47–48, 54, 62, 76–79, 87, 88, 93, 99, 100, 102, 105, 108, 109, 150–152, 156–158
Hizb ut-Tahrir (HT)
, 42, 55–58
Hoffman, Bruce
, 15
Home Affairs Select Committee
, 76
Horkheimer, Max
, 45
House of Commons Committee
, 30
Human Rights Act
, 81
Hunger strikes
, 52–53
Imperial College London
, 104–105
Indonesia
, 8
Information Technology
, 1
Injustice
, 21
Integration
, 28
Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA)
, 6, 115
Iran
, 2
Iraq
, 2
Irish National Liberation Army (INLA)
, 52
Irish Republican Army (IRA)
, 5, 15, 16, 49, 52, 136, 142, 149
Official
, 51
Provisional
, 15, 51
Irish War of Independence
, 12
ISIS
, 131
Islamic State (IS)
, 2, 11, 75–76, 130
Inspire magazine
, 61
Islamism
, 13, 25, 62, 154
Islamist extremism
, 23, 54, 103
Islamist Hamas
, 16
Islamist student activism, origins of
, 54–59
Jamaat-e-Islami
, 55
Javid, Sajid
, 146, 147
Jihad
, 2, 3
Jihadis
, 56
Jihadisation
, 21
JIMAS (Association to Revive the way of the Messenger)
, 57, 72
Johnson, Jo
, 78
Johnston, Kyle
, 92–93
Joint Committee on Human Rights
, 106
Khan, Sara
, 142
Kings College London
, 89, 110
Kings College London Student Union (KCLSU)
, 89
Ku Klux Klan
, 16
Laqueur, Walter
, 15
Lashkar-e-Taiba
, 57
Leaderless resistance
, 15
Learning of controversial topics
, 112–113
Leeds University Union (LUU)
, 88
Left Bank
, 44
Legal duty
, 1
Les événements de mai 1968
, 44
Liberal Democrats
and Conservatives, PREVENT under coalition between
, 30–37
London School of Economics (LSE)
, 84, 85
Lone wolves
, 15
Luton Council
, 131
Macdonald, Lord
, 67
Madrid bombing of 2004
, 11, 19
‘The Magnificent 19’
, 58
Mansell, Robin
, 84
Marginalisation
, 71
Marxist–Leninist ideology
, 17
al-Masri, Abu Hamza
, 58–59
May, Theresa
, 30
Maze, HMP
, 52
McDermott, Lord
, 53
McVeigh, Timothy
, 14
Means-based understandings of radicalisation
, 121–127
Metropolitan Police
, 50
Middle-East and North Africa
, 2
Miller, David
, 145
Mohammed, Omar Bakri
, 56–58
Muslim Brotherhood (MB)
, 55
Muslim Students Society (MSS)
, 55
Nadal, Louise
, 94–95
National Offender Management Service (NOMS)
, 35–36
National Socialist Underground
, 15
National Union of Students (NUS) Students not Suspects Campaign
, 89
National Union of Students (NUS)
, 57
Netherlands, The
, 2
New Labour
, 77
PREVENT strategy under
, 24–30
New terrorism, age of
, 12–18
New York Police Department (NYPD)
, 3
9/11 attack
, 11, 18, 19, 42
Non-violent extremism
, 82, 109
North America
student radicalism
, 41
Northern Ireland
, 9, 16
Bloody Friday
, 15
hunger strikes
, 52–53
Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA)
, 50
Northern Ireland related terrorism (NIRT)
, 6
Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC)
, 50
student radicalism
, 47–54, 71
role of education in the conflict
, 41
Ulster Unionist Party (UUP)
, 49
Norway
, 8, 48
Office for Students (OfS)
, 78
Ofsted
, 33, 105, 138
O’Loan, Baroness
, 67
O’Neill, Terence
, 50, 51
Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO)
disorganisation and factionalism within
, 15–16
Partnership
, 87–91
PATRIOT Act
, 18
People’s Democracy (PD)
, 50
Political radicalism
, 9
Political violence
, 41, 126
Politicos
, 56
Post-materialism
, 48
Poverty
, 19
PREPARE strategy
, 2
Prevent Consultation Group
, 88
Prevent Duty
, 1–6, 8–10, 34, 35, 37, 38, 42, 53–54, 62, 65, 73, 76, 79–81, 145, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 157
partnership
, 87, 89
as safeguarding
, 134–140
and student vulnerability
, 66–71
in universities, academic debate about
, 82–84
university classroom
, 111–116, 127, 128
PREVENT strategy
, 2–4, 12, 22, 38, 62, 65, 66, 69, 75, 85, 110, 118, 141
under coalition between the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats
, 30–37
under New Labour (2003–2010)
, 24–30
Prevent Duty. See Counter-Terrorism and Security Act of 2015 (CTSA)
Workshop to Raise Awareness of Prevent (WRAP) training
, 100
PROTECT strategy
, 2
Purists
, 56
PURSUE strategy
, 2
Quilliam Foundation
, 61
Racism
, 14
Radicalisation
, 1, 2, 4, 5
counter-radicalisation
, 2, 4, 5, 11, 17–18, 19, 24, 28, 29, 31, 38, 99, 106, 111, 112, 146, 148, 149, 153, 154
countering violent extremism
, 7
critics
, 20–24
debate and policy
, 11–39
defined
, 97
genesis of
, 18–20
and governance of higher education
, 75–110
models of
, 12, 22, 37
of 1960s generation
, 42–47
stages of
, 21, 24
in university classroom
, 111–144
Radicalisation on British University Campuses: A Case Study
, 61–62
Rammell, Bill
, 78
Red Army Faction (RAF)
, 46
Relevant Higher Education Bodies (RHEB)
, 79
Rigby, Fusilier Lee
, 94, 156
Risk assessment
, 36
Robbins Report of 1963
, 47, 77
Roehampton Student Union (RSU)
, 88–89
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)
, 46, 47
Royal Holloway University of London
, 102
Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC)
, 50
Rudolph, Eric
, 14
Rushdie, Salman
Satanic Verses
, 56
Russell Group
, 114
Russia
, 2
Sabir, Rizwaan
, 63, 64, 70
Safe Campus Communities, Universities UK
, 93–94
Safeguarding
, 5, 7, 10, 64, 69, 70, 79, 80, 82–84, 90, 92–102, 104, 109, 110, 112, 116, 134–140, 143, 144, 148, 151–153, 155, 157
Salafism
, 56, 57
Sanderson, Paula
, 108
Sands, Bobby
, 52
Satanic Verses (Salman Rushdie)
, 56
School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS)
, 108
Securitization of education
, 113
Self-identification
, 21
Self-radicalisation
, 21
7/7 attack
, 24, 25, 59
Shah of Persia (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi)
, 45
Shia Islam
, 16
Social exclusion
, 26
Social inequality
, 26
Socialist Workers’ Party (SWP)
, 58
Sozialistischer Deutsche Studentenbund (SDS)
, 45
Sri Lanka
, 16
Student radicalism
, 41–73
from civil rights to civil war
, 47–54
counter-terrorism
, 59–65
Islamist student activism, origins of
, 54–59
1960s generation
, 42–47
Prevent Duty and student vulnerability
, 66–71
Students’ Unions
, 88–89
Sudan
, 14
Symbionese Liberation Army
, 43
Syrian Civil War
, 2–3, 66, 75
Taliban
, 18
Tamil Tigers
, 16
Teaching Excellence Framework
, 78
Teaching of controversial topics
, 112–113
Terrorism
, 38, 113
counter-terrorism
, 3, 12, 22, 31, 42, 59–65, 148–158
new terrorism, age of
, 12–18
traditional
, 13
Terrorism Act 2000
, 154
Terrorism Studies: A Reader
, 65
Thatcher, Margaret
, 52
Thematic analysis
, 80–81
Thornton, Rod
, 64
Thought police
, 4
Tick box managerialism
, 112, 134–140
Timms, Stephen
, 59–61
Trimble, David
, 51
Trojan Horse Affair
, 33
UK Islamic Mission (UKIM)
, 54–55
Ulster Unionist Party (UUP)
, 49
Ulster Polytechnic
, 53
Ulster Vanguard movement
, 51
Underpants bomber
, 60
United Kingdom (UK)
Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO)
, 3, 30
CONTEST strategy
, 2, 6, 24, 28, 145–147, 154
Counter-Terrorism and Security Act of 2015 (CTSA)
, 1
Department of Employment
, 48
Federal Government
, 14
Madrid bombing of 2004
, 11, 19, 20
PREPARE strategy
, 2
PREVENT strategy
, 2, 12, 22, 24–38, 62, 65, 66, 69, 72, 75, 85, 141, 145, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 157
PROTECT strategy
, 2
PURSUE strategy
, 2
7/7 attack
, 24, 25, 59
United States (USA)
, 41
culture wars in
, 117
foreign policy during Cold War
, 71
9/11 attack
, 11, 18, 19, 42
student radicalism
, 44
Universities
, 41–73
academic debate about Prevent Duty in
, 82–84
Anglia Ruskin University
, 107
Birmingham City University
, 86, 109
Canterbury Christ Church University
, 92, 109
City University
, 62
counter-terrorism
, 59–65
De Montfort University
, 85
Hertfordshire University
, 80
Hull University
, 80
Imperial College London
, 104–105
Islamist student activism, origins of
, 54–59
John Moores University
, 102–103, 105
Kent State University
, 43
Lancaster University
, 80, 87
Leeds Beckett University
, 96
Leeds Trinity University
, 80
London South Bank University
, 107
Loughborough University
, 88, 152
Newcastle University
, 85
Newman University Birmingham
, 99
The Open University
, 47, 52
Prevent Duty and student vulnerability
, 66–71
Queen Mary University
, 107–108
Queen’s University
, 50, 53
radicalisation from civil rights to civil war
, 47–54
radicalisation of 1960s generation
, 42–47
Royal Academy of Music
, 100
Royal Holloway University of London
, 102
School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS)
, 108
Solent University Southampton
, 109
Sorbonne Université, Paris (France)
, 43
St Mary’s University Twickenham
, 85
Staffordshire University
, 64–65, 97, 142
Surrey University
, 47, 106–107
University of Bath
, 85, 88, 145
University of Bradford
, 95
University of Buckingham
, 145
University of California, Berkeley (USA)
, 43
University of Derby
, 152
University of Essex
, 86
University of Exeter
, 81–82
University of Greenwich
, 94–95, 155
University of Huddersfield
, 95, 152
University of Leeds
, 88, 109
University of Leicester
, 98
University of Lisburn
, 52
University of Liverpool
, 97
University of Michigan, An Arbor (USA)
, 43
University of Middlesex
, 88
University of Nanterre
, 43
University of Nottingham
, 63–64
University of Oxford
, 109, 140
University of Plymouth
, 95
University of Reading
, 95
University of Roehampton
, 89
University of Salford
, 100, 145, 152–153
University of Sheffield
, 89
University of Sunderland
, 103
University of Sussex
, 47, 98
University of the Arts London (UAL)
, 80, 85, 103
University of the West of England
, 99
University of Westminster
, 105
Worcestershire University
, 80
Writtle University College
, 105
York St John University
, 140
Universities UK (UUK)
Safe Campus Communities
, 93–94
University and College Union (UCU)
, 109
University classroom, radicalisation in
, 111–144
classroom etiquette of controversial topics
, 116–121
counter-radicalisation, as clumsy and potentially counter-productive
, 127–134
means, values and vulnerability-based understandings of radicalisation
, 121–127
Prevent Duty, as safeguarding
, 134–140
research data and analysis procedure
, 114–116
teaching and learning controversial topics
, 112–113
tick box managerialism
, 112, 134–140
USA Rediscovering
, 14
USS Cole bombing in 2000
, 14
Values
, 105–109
Values-based understandings of radicalisation
, 121–127
Vietnam, imperialist war in
, 42
Violence
, 21, 23
countering radicalisation to
, 7
political
, 41, 126
Violent extremism
, 1, 34, 35, 109, 121, 124, 148
Vulnerability
, 5, 92–105
Vulnerability Assessment Framework
, 35
Vulnerability-based understandings of radicalisation
, 121–127
Wahabbis
, 56
War on Terror
, 18, 19
Weather Underground
, 43
Weinberg, Julius
, 78
Workshop to Raise Awareness of Prevent (WRAP) training
, 100
World War Two
, 54
Yezza, Hicham
, 63–64, 70
Yugoslavia
, 56