AA. See Arithmetic averaging (AA)
ABM. See Agent-based modelling (ABM)
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)
, 63, 391, 394–395, 399–400
forecast accuracy of developed models
, 401–402
input selection and prediction modelling
, 396–397
limitations, directions for future studies and potential applications
, 404–405
practical implications
, 403–404
R-Code for ANFIS
, 410–411
tender price index forecasting
, 402–403
univariate modelling techniques
, 391–394
univariate models application
, 398
Advanced modelling techniques
, 416, 419
AEC company. See Architect-engineer-construction Company (AEC company)
Agenarisk software package
, 306
Agent unified modelling language (AUML)
, 164, 165
Agent-based model
, 163–164
Agent-based modelling (ABM)
, 83–84, 154–155
Agglomerative hierarchical clustering
, 67
Aggregation
, 232, 242–243
See also Fuzzy aggregation
Agreement. See Idempotence
AHP. See Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
AI models. See Artificial intelligence models (AI models)
AIC. See Akaike information criteria (AIC)
Akaike information criteria (AIC)
, 399
Algebraic product t-norm
, 124–131
Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
, 21–22, 70, 185–186, 189, 235, 280, 285, 306
fuzzy extensions
, 280–288
Analytic network process (ANP)
, 83, 185–186, 190
ANFIS. See Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)
ANN. See Artificial neural network (ANN)
ANP. See Analytic network process (ANP)
Ant colony system
, 42, 92
AR model. See Autoregression model (AR model)
Archimedean t-norms
, 117–118
Architect-engineer-construction company (AEC company)
, 415
project execution process for
, 416
Arithmetic averaging (AA)
, 242–243
Arm gestures, robotic manipulator modelling of
, 453–460
Artificial bee colony algorithm
, 42
Artificial intelligence models (AI models)
, 64, 392, 393, 402, 404–405
Artificial neural network (ANN)
, 52, 157
hybridisation of fuzzy logic with
, 52, 63–66
Associativity property
, 245
@Risk software package
, 306, 311
Attitude towards risk. See Index of optimism
AUML. See Agent unified modelling language (AUML)
Autoregression model (AR model)
, 393
Average tolerance value
, 327
C-IOWA. See Consistency IOWA (C-IOWA)
Capital expenditure (CAPEX)
, 305
CAPEX. See Capital expenditure (CAPEX)
Cash flow analysis of resultant revenue
, 311
Causal loop diagrams (CLDs)
, 152–153
Cause-and-effect analysis
complex
, 434–436
compound
, 433–434
simple
, 424–432
Cause-effect approach
, 415
Centre of area method (COA method)
, 162, 268
Centre of gravity (COG)
, 16
CFPRs. See Consistent fuzzy preference relations (CFPRs)
CFs. See Contribution factors (CFs)
Chaotic-based DE technique
, 68
Characteristic of fuzzy set
alpha-cut (α-cut)
, 11–13, 19
complement
, 14, 18
core
, 11
height
, 11
support
, 11
CI. See Consistency index (CI)
CID. See Concept identifier (CID)
CL. See Complexity level (CL)
Classical set
, 7
See also Crisp set
Classical set theory
, 8–9
CLDs. See Causal loop diagrams (CLDs)
Closeness coefficient (CC). See Relative closeness index
CLP. See Construction labour productivity (CLP)
Clustering
agglomerative hierarchical clustering
, 66
methods based on
, 23–24
model-based clustering
, 67
partitional k-means clustering
, 67
See also Fuzzy clustering
CM. See Construction management (CM)
CM–FCM. See Construction management FCM modelling (CM–FCM)
COA method. See Centre of area method (COA method)
Coefficient of determination (R
2)
, 64, 69
Coefficient of variation (COV)
, 317
COG. See Centre of gravity (COG)
Cognitive maps
, 419
See also Fuzzy cognitive map (FCM)
Commutativity property
, 244
Complex cause-and-effect example
, 434–436
Complexity level (CL)
, 293, 295, 296
Compound cause-and-effect analysis
, 433–434, 437
Computational discrete methods
, 119
Computational methods
, 119
extended fuzzy arithmetic
using algebraic product t-norm
, 124–131
using bounded difference t-norm
, 131–136
using drastic product t-norm
, 137–141
for implementation
of extended fuzzy arithmetic
, 123–124
of standard fuzzy arithmetic
, 121–123
triangular fuzzy numbers
, 120
Concept identifier (CID)
, 434
Consecutive fuzzy arithmetic operations
, 116
Consensus
, 231–232, 233, 234–235, 236–237, 239, 241, 242, 270, 344
Consensus-reaching process
, 234
Consistency index (CI)
, 284
Consistency IOWA (C-IOWA)
, 249
Consistency of fuzzy pairwise comparisons
, 284–285
check for
, 290
Consistency ratio (CR)
, 198–199, 284
Consistent fuzzy preference relations (CFPRs)
, 266
Constrained fuzzy arithmetic
, 286, 287
Construction
, 5, 9, 20, 24, 30, 39, 50, 63, 64, 80, 89, 95, 141, 150–151, 155, 171, 187, 283
bidding applications
, 268–269
construction risk analysis, fuzzy hybrid techniques in
, 308
cost
, 390
engineering
, 358, 423
CM–FCM model
, 423–424
complex cause-and-effect example
, 434–436
compound cause-and-effect analysis
, 433–434, 437
simple cause-and-effect analysis
, 424–432
FSD model of quality management practice
, 168–170
fuzzy AHP application in construction project complexity evaluation
, 288
consistency of fuzzy pairwise comparisons
, 290
fuzzy pairwise comparison matrices
, 289–290
hierarchical structure of project complexity
, 288–289
local and global weights of criteria and sub-criteria
, 290–293
project complexity and performance
, 293–295
fuzzy arithmetic operations in construction applications
, 141–145
fuzzy consensus reaching and aggregation in construction industry applications
, 263–270
fuzzy simulation technique
, 168–171
applications of fuzzy system dynamics (FSD)
, 168–170
for construction modelling
, 167–168
fuzzy agent-based modelling (ABM) applications
, 170–171, 172
managers
, 414
procurement
, 266–267
productivity applications
, 269–270
sector
, 5
simulation techniques
, 150, 151–155
type
, 371–372
Construction labour productivity (CLP)
, 67
Construction management (CM)
, 414–417
enhancing CM tools and practices with FCM
, 417–419
Construction management FCM modelling (CM–FCM)
, 416, 419, 423–424, 432, 438–446
Construction projects
, 185
essential tasks in construction project management
, 364
cost management
, 364–365
planning analysis
, 366–367
safety analysis
, 365–366
life cycle
, 358
planning
, 366
Construction supply chain (CSC)
, 42
optimization
, 48
Contract-related risks
, 418
Contribution factors (CFs)
, 265
Cooperative neuro-fuzzy system
, 65–66
Cost
, 390
cost/tender price index
, 390
estimation
, 364
management
, 364–365
COV. See Coefficient of variation (COV)
CR. See Consistency ratio (CR)
Crane guidance
motion sensing
, 460
signals
, 452–453
Crane guidance gesture recognition
, 453
experimental results
, 466
fuzzy rule for stop
, 470, 471
hoist
, 467
human motions
, 452–453
lower
, 468
motion capture with Kinect camera and Myo Armband sensors
, 463–465
robotic manipulator modelling of arm gestures
, 453–460
Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system
, 460–463
swing
, 469
travel
, 470
Crisp set
, 11–13, 14, 18
See also Classical set
CSC. See Construction supply chain (CSC)
‘Cube’ of project complexity
, 288–289
Earthmoving operation
, 142
Earthmoving process-type system
, 152
EAs. See Evolutionary algorithms (EAs)
EBS financial system. See Enterprise business suite financial system (EBS financial system)
Econometric techniques
, 392
Economic screening
, 313
concept selection parameters
, 321
dry-hole risk for subsea option
, 314–315
fuzzy AHP technique
, 318–323
MCS
, 314
normalised weight distribution
, 322
pairwise comparison of factors
, 322
production risk for subsea option
, 315–318
tolerance value for membership functions of fuzzy sets
, 323
Effective risk analysis
, 305
Effective risk management
, 304–305
EFNIM. See Evolutionary fuzzy neural inference model (EFNIM)
EKF. See Extended Kalman filter (EKF)
ELECTRE. See Elimination and choice expressing reality (ELECTRE)
Elimination and choice expressing reality (ELECTRE)
, 70, 186, 191
Empirical data
, 337, 339, 343
Enterprise business suite financial system (EBS financial system)
, 421
Enterprise project planning system
, 422
Enterprise resource planning system (ERP system)
, 421
Entropy for fuzzy sets
, 3
Entropy-based fuzzy AHP
, 287, 290, 293, 296
Environmental criteria
, 78–79
ERD well solution. See Extended reach drilling well solution (ERD well solution)
ERP system. See Enterprise resource planning system (ERP system)
ETL process. See Extract, transform and load process (ETL process)
Evolutionary algorithms (EAs)
, 42
Evolutionary fuzzy neural inference model (EFNIM)
, 52, 64–65
Expert judgement
, 21, 30, 162–163, 185–187, 231, 267, 284, 290
Expert knowledge
, 6–7, 63, 70, 80, 84, 88–90, 150, 158, 162, 364, 368
Expert systems
, 417
See also fuzzy expert system
Extended fuzzy arithmetic
, 113, 116–119
using algebraic product t-norm
, 124–131
using bounded difference t-norm
, 131–136
using drastic product t-norm
, 137–141
implementation
, 123–124
Extended Kalman filter (EKF)
, 456–458
Extended reach drilling well solution (ERD well solution)
, 312
Extract, transform and load process (ETL process)
, 359
F-PROMETHEE. See FS-based preference ranking organisation method enrichment evaluation (F-PROMETHEE)
FABM. See Fuzzy agent-based modelling (FABM)
FAHP. See Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)
Failed risk management
, 304–305
FATLBO. See Fuzzy adaptive teaching-learning-based optimization (FATLBO)
FCM. See Fuzzy c-means (FCM); Fuzzy cognitive map (FCM)
FCM-PSO. See Fuzzy c-means-particle swarm optimisation (FCM-PSO)
FCQRA framework. See Fuzzy consensus qualitative risk analysis framework (FCQRA framework)
FDES. See Fuzzy discrete event simulation (FDES)
FDMM. See Fuzzy distance measurement method (FDMM)
Feedback
, 420
loops
, 153
processes
, 153–154
FEGA-PSO. See Fuzzy enabled GA-PSO method (FEGA-PSO)
FES. See Fuzzy expert system (FES)
FIS. See Fuzzy inference system (FIS)
Flexible management of essential construction tasks
essential tasks in construction project management
, 364–367
example of queries resolution
, 379–382
fuzzy multi-dimensional model
, 362–364
fuzzy multi-dimensional structure
, 367–379
information
, 358–359
measure and dimensions
, 383
multi-dimensional structure
, 359–362
FLINMAP. See Fuzzy linear programming technique for multi-dimensional analysis of preference (FLINMAP)
FMCDM. See Fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (FMCDM)
FMCS. See Fuzzy Monte Carlo simulation (FMCS)
FN-IOWA. See Fuzzy number induced ordered weighted averaging (FN-IOWA)
FNIS. See Fuzzy negative ideal solution (FNIS)
FNNs. See Fuzzy neural networks (FNNs)
FOAM. See Fuzzy optimal aggregation method (FOAM)
Footprint of uncertainty (FOU)
, 196
Forecast accuracy of developed models
, 401–402
Forward recursive equations
, 454
FOU. See Footprint of uncertainty (FOU)
FPIS. See Fuzzy positive ideal solution (FPIS)
FPRC approach. See Fuzzy preference relation consensus approach (FPRC approach)
FPWA operator. See Fuzzy prioritised weighted averaging operator (FPWA operator)
FRBS. See Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS)
Frequency response function (FRF)
, 67–68
FRF. See Frequency response function (FRF)
FSAM. See Fuzzy similarity aggregation method (FSAM)
FSC model. See Fuzzy similarity consensus model (FSC model)
FSD. See Fuzzy system dynamics (FSD)
FSE. See Fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE)
FST. See Fuzzy set theory (FST)
Fuzzification
, 16–17, 394
Fuzziness accumulation
, 116
Fuzzy ABM model of construction crew motivation and performance
, 170
Fuzzy adaptive teaching-learning-based optimization (FATLBO)
, 42–43
Fuzzy agent-based modelling (FABM)
, 84, 91–92, 162–167
applications
, 170–171, 172
Fuzzy aggregation
, 112–113, 242
classification of fuzzy aggregation operators and properties
, 243–245
FN-IOWA
, 248–251
fuzzy aggregation operators for MCGDM problems
, 245
fuzzy prioritised weighted aggregation operators
, 251–257
fuzzy prioritized weighted averaging operator (FPWA operator)
, 252
fuzzy TOPSIS-based approach for prioritised aggregation
, 257–263
FWA
, 245–246
LOWA
, 246–248
Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)
, 70–79, 235, 270, 280, 318–323
application
in evaluating construction project complexity
, 288–295
in oil drilling
, 310–313
computation in subsea drilling option
, 324–331
investment appraisal for oil drilling methods
, 304, 323
appraisal
, 313
economic screening
, 313–323
risk analysis in projects
, 305–310
Fuzzy arithmetic
, 19
alpha-cut (α-cut) approach
, 19–20
extension principle approach
, 19–20
Fuzzy arithmetic operations
, 238–239
computational methods
, 119–141
in construction applications
, 141–145
exact mathematical methods
, 112–119
fuzzy addition
, 113, 238
fuzzy division
, 113, 120
fuzzy multiplication
, 113, 115, 120
fuzzy subtraction
, 113, 120
Fuzzy c-means (FCM)
, 23, 49, 66–68, 160–161
Fuzzy c-means-particle swarm optimisation (FCM-PSO)
, 68–69
Fuzzy CDF. See Fuzzy cumulative distribution function (fuzzy CDF)
Fuzzy clustering
, 66
fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering
, 66–70
subtractive clustering
, 66–67
See also Clustering
Fuzzy cognitive map (FCM)
, 414–416
enhancing CM tools and practices with
, 417–419
modelling
, 419–423
Fuzzy composition
, 15–16
Fuzzy consensus
, 232–234, 242, 263–266, 270–271
See also Consensus
Fuzzy consensus qualitative risk analysis framework (FCQRA framework)
, 265
Fuzzy consensus-reaching process
, 233, 234, 263
building design applications
, 264
consensus measures
, 236
construction
bidding applications
, 268–269
procurement and project delivery applications
, 266–267
productivity applications
, 269–270
importance degree of experts
, 234–235
for MCGDM problems
, 236–242
mechanism adopting to guide discussion process
, 234
preference representation formats
, 235–236
risk analysis and hazard assessment applications
, 265–266
Fuzzy cumulative distribution function (fuzzy CDF)
, 84
Fuzzy discrete event simulation (FDES)
, 84, 88–90, 142, 151, 157–159, 167
Fuzzy distance measurement method (FDMM)
, 265
Fuzzy enabled GA-PSO method (FEGA-PSO)
, 51
Fuzzy evaluation vector of RM capability
, 348–349
Fuzzy extensions of AHP
, 280
consistency of fuzzy pairwise comparisons
, 284–285
fuzzy pairwise comparisons
, 281–284
fuzzy weights and defuzzification
, 285–288
Fuzzy feedback models
, 420
Fuzzy hybrid machine learning
, 52, 92–93
fuzzy clustering techniques
, 66–70
hybridisation of fuzzy logic with ANN technique
, 52, 63–66
papers for fuzzy hybrid machine learning techniques in construction
, 53–62
techniques
, 38
Fuzzy hybrid modelling in construction
, 29–30
Fuzzy hybrid optimization
, 41, 92
fuzzy hybrid evolutionary models
, 43, 48–49
fuzzy hybrid particle swarm optimization models
, 50–52
models
, 38
papers for fuzzy hybrid optimization models in construction
, 44–47
Fuzzy hybrid particle swarm optimization models
, 50–52
Fuzzy hybrid techniques
in construction engineering and management
future research directions
, 94–96
fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making
, 70–83, 93–94
fuzzy simulation
, 83–92, 94
systematic literature review methodology
, 39–41
in construction risk analysis
, 308
Fuzzy inference system (FIS)
, 24, 453, 469
See also Fuzzy expert system (FES); Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS); Mamdani inference; Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system; Sugeno inference; Sugeno fuzzy inference system; Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system
Fuzzy linear programming technique for multi-dimensional analysis of preference (FLINMAP)
, 83
Fuzzy linguistic terms
, 266
Fuzzy logic (FL)
, 38, 151, 305–308, 359, 362, 417, 453
integration and simulation techniques
, 157
fuzzy agent-based modelling
, 162–167
fuzzy DES
, 157–159
fuzzy system dynamics
, 159–162
Fuzzy machine learning techniques
, 30, 157, 159–163, 166, 173
Fuzzy membership functions
, 49, 65–66, 84, 460–462
Fuzzy Monte Carlo simulation (FMCS)
, 84, 88, 306
Fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (FMCDM)
, 38, 70, 93–94
fuzzy AHP
, 70, 78–79
fuzzy TOPSIS
, 80–81
fuzzy VIKOR
, 82–83
methods
, 186, 267
methods and applications
, 197
in construction management
, 197–220
FS-based MCDM methods and applications
, 197–205
HFS-based MCDM methods and applications
, 210–214
IFS-based MCDM methods and applications
, 205–210
linguistic variables
, 427
relationships for significant first-time events
, 428–430
T2FS-based MCDM methods and applications
, 214–220
papers for fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques in construction
, 71–77
See also Group decision-making process (GDM process); Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM); Multi-criteria group decision-making problems (MCGDM problems)
Fuzzy multi-dimensional structure
, 359, 362–364, 367
company
, 374–375
construction organisations
, 367–368
construction type
, 371–372
dimensions
, 369
injury
, 378–379
location
, 375–376
project
, 370–371
promoter
, 374
task
, 372–374
time
, 369–370
worker
, 377–378
Fuzzy negative ideal solution (FNIS)
, 258, 269
Fuzzy neural networks (FNNs)
, 52
Fuzzy number induced ordered weighted averaging (FN-IOWA)
, 232, 248–251
Fuzzy numbers
, 18–20, 91, 112–113
Fuzzy optimal aggregation method (FOAM)
, 265
Fuzzy pairwise comparison
check for consistency of
, 290
matrices
, 289–290
Fuzzy positive ideal solution (FPIS)
, 258, 269
Fuzzy preference relations
, 203, 235, 249, 265
See also Preference relations
Fuzzy preference relation consensus approach (FPRC approach)
, 267
Fuzzy prioritised weighted aggregation operators
, 251–257
Fuzzy prioritised weighted averaging operator (FPWA operator)
, 252
Fuzzy RA decision-making process
, 343
Fuzzy random
approach
, 51
multi-objective decision-making model
, 50–51
variables
, 48, 88
Fuzzy ranking method
, 89, 158, 198, 199
Fuzzy relational matrix
, 347–348
Fuzzy risk allocation methodology
, 345–351
Fuzzy rule-based systems (FRBS)
, 3, 24–25, 27–29, 42–43, 235
See also Fuzzy inference system (FIS); Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS); Mamdani inference; Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system; Sugeno inference; Sugeno fuzzy inference system; Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system
Fuzzy set theory (FST)
, 5–6, 185–186, 192, 231, 232, 339
HFSs
, 194–195
IFSs
, 193–194
T2FSs
, 195–197
Fuzzy set-based analytic hierarchy process
, 198–200
Fuzzy set-based elimination and choice expressing reality
, 202
Fuzzy set-based MCDM methods and applications
, 197
analytic hierarchy process
, 198–200
elimination and choice expressing reality
, 202
F-MCDM method applications in construction management
, 203–205
F-PROMETHEE
, 203
technique for order of preference
, 200–202
weighted sum method
, 197–198
Fuzzy set-based preference ranking organisation method enrichment evaluation (F-PROMETHEE)
, 203
Fuzzy sets
, 7–17, 342, 358, 417
Fuzzy similarity aggregation method (FSAM)
, 265
Fuzzy similarity consensus model (FSC model)
, 267
Fuzzy simulation
, 38, 83–92, 94, 112–113
in construction
, 151–155, 167–171
FDES
, 88–90
FMCS
, 84, 88
FSD
, 90–91
fuzzy ABM
, 91–92
integrating fuzzy logic and
, 157–167
limitations
, 155–157
papers for fuzzy simulation techniques in construction
, 85–87
Fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE)
, 339, 342, 343
Fuzzy system dynamics (FSD)
, 84, 90–91, 151, 159–162
applications
, 168–170
model of quality management practice
, 168–170
Fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS)
, 70, 80–81, 232
fuzzy TOPSIS-based approach
, 263
for prioritised aggregation
, 257–263
Fuzzy TOPSIS. See Fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS)
Fuzzy upper and lower project management costs
, 324
Fuzzy variables
, 13–14, 156
Fuzzy weighted aggregation
, 239
Fuzzy weighted average (FWA)
, 232, 245–246
aggregation method
, 268
Fuzzy weighted mean. See Fuzzy weighted average (FWA)
FWA. See Fuzzy weighted average (FWA)
MA model. See Moving average model (MA model)
MAE. See Mean absolute error (MAE)
Mamdani inference
, 26, 27
See also Fuzzy expert system (FES); Fuzzy inference system (FIS); Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS); Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system
Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system
, 460
See also Fuzzy expert system (FES); Fuzzy inference system (FIS); Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS); Mamdani inference
MAPE. See Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)
Mathematical methods
, 112
consecutive fuzzy arithmetic operations
, 116
for implementation of extended fuzzy arithmetic
, 116–119
implementation of standard fuzzy arithmetic
, 113–116
MCDM. See Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM)
MCGDM problems. See Multi-criteria group decision-making problems (MCGDM problems)
MCS. See Monte Carlo simulation (MCS)
ME design. See Mechanistic-empirical design (ME design)
Mean absolute error (MAE)
, 64
Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)
, 397, 398
Mean aggregation operator
, 269–270
Mean square error (MSE)
, 29, 64
Mechanistic-empirical design (ME design)
, 68
Membership function specification methods
, 20
based on clustering
, 23–24
horizontal method
, 20–21
pairwise comparison using analytic hierarchy process
, 21–22
statistical methods
, 22–23
vertical method
, 20–21
Membership function
, 7, 159–160, 346–347, 461–462
basic set operations on fuzzy sets
, 14–15
characteristics
, 11–13
defuzzification
, 16–17
fuzzy relations and fuzzy composition
, 15–16
fuzzy variables and fuzzy partitions
, 13–14
representing membership functions
, 9–10
See also Fuzzy membership functions
Metaheuristic optimization technique
, 42
Microsoft Kinect motion camera
, 463
Middle of maxima (MOM)
, 162
MOA. See Median of area (MOA)
Model-based clustering technique
, 67
Moderate RM capability
, 342
MOM. See Mean of maxima (MOM); Middle of maxima (MOM)
Monotonicity property
, 244
Monte Carlo simulation (MCS)
, 82, 151, 306, 314, 458
Motion sensing system
, 452
Motion trajectory tracking
, 453
Moving average model (MA model)
, 393
MRC. See Multimode resource-constrained (MRC)
MSE. See Mean square error (MSE)
Multi-attribute utility function
, 235
Multi-criteria analysis methods
, 313–314
Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM)
, 38, 185–186
methods
, 70, 280
process
, 264
process and methods
, 186
AHP
, 189
ANP
, 190
in construction management
, 186–192
ELECTRE method
, 191
PROMETHEE
, 192
TOPSIS
, 190–191
WSM
, 188–189
Multi-criteria group decision-making problems (MCGDM problems)
, 231, 232, 235
fuzzy aggregation processes
, 242–263
fuzzy consensus reaching and aggregation
, 263–270
fuzzy consensus-reaching process
, 233–242
Multi-dimensional structure
, 359
DW
, 359–360
fuzzy logic
, 362
operations
, 360–362
Multi-linear regression
, 64
Multi-nonlinear regression
, 64
Multimode resource-constrained (MRC)
, 49
Myo armband sensor
, 453, 466
motion capture with
, 463–465
P-IOWA. See Preference IOWA (P-IOWA)
PA operators. See Prioritised averaging operators (PA operators)
Pairwise comparison
, 291, 322
using analytic hierarchy process
, 21–22
consistency of fuzzy
, 284–285
fuzzy
, 281–284
Particle swarm optimization (PSO)
, 42–43, 157
Partitional k-means clustering
, 66–67
Percentage error metrics
, 398
PIS. See Positive ideal solution (PIS)
Planning
, 421
analysis
, 366–367, 369, 379
PM. See Project management (PM)
PM–FCM model. See Project management–fuzzy c-means model (PM–FCM model)
Positive ideal solution (PIS)
, 257–258
distances of weighted normalised collective evaluations to
, 262
Post-mortem analysis
, 416
POWA operators. See Prioritised OWA operators (POWA operators)
PPPs. See Public–private partnerships (PPPs)
Prediction modelling
, 396–397
Preference IOWA (P-IOWA)
, 249
Preference ranking organisation method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE)
, 7, 185–186, 192
See also T2FS-PROMETHEE
Preference relations
, 192, 203, 209, 210, 235–236, 249, 265
linguistic preference relations
, 235–236
multiplicative preference relations
, 235
See also Fuzzy preference relations
Preference representation formats
, 235–236
Prioritised averaging operators (PA operators)
, 252
Prioritised OWA operators (POWA operators)
, 252
Probabilistic distributions
, 84, 156, 158
Probabilistic values
, 155
Probabilistic variable
, 150, 151, 156, 157, 162
Production risk for subsea option
, 315–318
Productivity
, 5, 9, 25, 28, 42, 65, 91, 93
Project
, 370–371
complexity
, 279, 293–295
framework for measuring
, 288
hierarchical structure
, 288–289
delivery applications
, 266–267
dimension hierarchy
, 371
performance
, 168–169, 266, 270, 279–280, 293–295
PPP
, 288
project-execution risks
, 418
pursuit process
, 415
risk analysis in
, 305–310
Project management (PM)
, 374, 423–436
Project management–fuzzy c-means model (PM–FCM model)
, 424
PROMETHEE. See Preference ranking organisation method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE)
PSO. See Particle swarm optimization (PSO)
Public–private partnerships (PPPs)
, 338
case study
, 343–344
decision criteria for defining RM capability
, 341, 342
fuzzy risk allocation methodology
, 345–351
fuzzy synthetic evaluation and risk allocation
, 342–343
practitioners’ feedback on methodology
, 351
previous studies on risk allocation in
, 339–341
projects
, 288
round three of Delphi survey for risk allocation
, 344
two-round Delphi survey for risk allocation decision criteria
, 344
Pursuit review items
, 418