Index
ISBN: 978-1-78714-834-5, eISBN: 978-1-78714-833-8
Publication date: 18 April 2018
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Herrmann, A., Brenner, W. and Stadler, R. (2018), "Index", Autonomous Driving, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 427-445. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-833-820181045
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
A9 autobahn in Germany
, 134, 135, 407
ACCEL
, 324
Accelerating
, 8, 22, 27, 59, 78, 91, 122, 295, 296
Access Economy
, 344
Acoustic signals
, 108
Ad-hoc mobility solutions
, 354
Ad-hoc networks
, 133
Adaptive cruise control
, 4, 51, 72–74, 78, 86, 96, 113, 116, 289, 297, 333
Aerospace industry
, 153
Agenda for auto industry
culture change
, 396
increasing speed
, 398
service-oriented business model
, 397–398
V-to-home and V-to-business applications
, 399
Agile operating models
, 330
Agriculture
, 154
productivity
, 155
sector
, 154–157
Air pollution
, 27
AirBnB
, 311
Airplane electronics
, 144
Aisin
, 9
Albert (head of design at Yahoo)
, 228
Alexandra (founder and owner of Powerful Minds)
, 228
Alibaba Alipay payment system
, 372
Alternative fuels, autonomous vehicles enabling use of
, 305
Altruistic mode (a-drive mode)
, 252
Amazon
, 138, 141, 311
American Trucking Association
, 68
Android operating system
, 327
Anthropomorphise products
, 290
Appel Logistics transports
, 167
Apple
, 9, 138, 327
CarPlay
, 285
Apple Mac OS
, 247
Apple-type model
, 323
Application
layer
, 119
software
, 118
Artificial intelligence
, 115, 255, 291, 332–333
Artificial neuronal networks
, 114–115
Asia projects
, 371–374
Assembly Row
, 386
Assessment of Safety Standards for Automotive Electronic Control Systems
, 144
Assistance systems
, 71–77
Audi
, 5, 130, 134, 137, 179, 211, 301, 318, 322, 398
Driverless Race Car
, 5
piloted driving
, 286
piloted-parking technology
, 386–387
Audi A7
, 44, 198, 282
Audi A8 series-car
, 79, 180
Audi AI traffic jam pilot
, 79
Audi Fit Driver service
, 318–319
Audi piloted driving lab
, 227, 229
Audi Q7
, 74
assistance systems in
, 75
Audi RS7
, 43, 44, 79
autonomous racing car
, 179
driverless
, 227
Audi TTS
, 43
Audi Urban Future Initiative
, 384–386, 406
Augmented reality
, 279
vision and example
, 279–280
Authorities and cities
, 171–173
Auto ISAC
, 146
Autolib
, 317, 344
Autoliv
, 285
Automakers’ bug-bounty programs
, 146
Automated car
, 233, 246, 264, 289, 384
Automated driving
division of labour between driver and driving system
, 48
examples
, 51–53
image
, 177
levels of
, 47–51
scenarios for making use of travelling time
, 52
strategies
, 53–56
technology
, 160
Automated vehicles
, 9, 174, 246
Automated Vehicles Index
, 367–368
Automatic car
, 233, 244
Automatic pedestrian highlighting
, 78
Automation
ironies of
, 76
responsibility with increasing
, 235
Automobile
, 3, 21
locations
, 405
manufacturers
, 311
Automotive design
, 265–266
Automotive Ethernet
, 126
Automotive incumbents operate
, 330
Automotive industry
, 332–335, 367, 379, 397
Automotive technology
, 327–328
AutoNet2030 project
, 369
Autonomous buses
, 14, 81, 158, 159, 175, 302
Autonomous cars
, 25, 126, 197, 205–206, 233, 244, 270
expected worldwide sales of
, 85
savings effects from
, 67–68
Autonomous driving
, 3, 8, 39, 62, 94, 111, 116, 120, 121–123, 141, 160–162, 171, 173, 207–208, 217, 247, 252, 266, 332–333, 379
applications
, 10–12, 160
aspects for
, 93
Audi car
, 5
autonomous Audi TTS on Way to Pikes Peak
, 43
in combination with autonomous loading hubs
, 166
driving to hub
, 213
ecosystem
, 18–20, 131
element
, 243
facts about
, 306
functions
, 74
impression
, 40
industry
, 16–18
living room in Autonomous Mercedes F015
, 44
milestones of automotive development
, 4
NuTonomy
, 6
projects
, 41–45
real-world model of
, 92
scenarios
, 211–215
science fiction
, 39–41
technology
, 9–10, 92
time management
, 215–218
vehicles
, 12–16
See also Human driving
Autonomous driving failure
, 221
consequence
, 221–222
decision conflict in autonomous car
, 223
design options
, 222–223
influencer
, 223–224
Autonomous Mercedes F015 living room in
, 44
Autonomous mobility
, 12, 13, 16–17, 172, 405
establishment as industry of future
, 404–405
resistance to
, 171–172
Autonomous Robocars
, 81
Autonomous sharp
, 274
‘Autonomous soft’ mode
, 274
Autonomous trucks
, 161
from Daimler
, 163
savings effects from
, 68–69
Autonomous vehicles
, 26, 81, 99, 138, 155, 182, 221, 238, 249, 255, 353–354
enabling use of alternative fuels
, 305
integration in cities
, 406
promoting tests with
, 407
uses
, 153
AutoVots fleet
, 350
Backup levels
, 127
Baidu apps
, 338, 372
Base layer
, 119
Becker, Jan
, 42–43
Behavioural law
, 234
Being driven
, 61, 63, 78, 342–343
Ben-Noon, Ofer
, 142, 143, 145
Benz, Carl
, 3, 4
Bertha (autonomous research vehicle)
, 42
Big data
, 313, 332–333
BlaBlaCar
, 359
Blackfriars bridge, lidar print cloud of
, 104
Blind-spot detection
, 78
Bloggers
, 225–227
Blonde Salad, The
, 226
Bluetooth
, 130, 142, 154
BMW
, 6, 130, 137, 174, 180, 316, 320, 322, 332–333, 372, 398
3-series cars
, 338
BMW i3
, 27
holoactive touch
, 285
Boeing 777 development
, 243
Boeing
, 787, 261
Bosch
, 9, 181–182
Bosch, Robert
, 333
Bosch suppliers
, 315
BosWash, metropolitan region
, 384
Budii car
, 272–273
Business models
, 311, 353–355
automobile manufacturers
, 311
content creators
, 319–320
data creators
, 320–322
examples
, 312
hardware creators
, 314–315
options
, 312–314
passenger looks for new products
, 321
passenger visits website
, 321
service creators
, 316–319
software creators
, 315–316
strategic mix
, 322–323
Business vehicle
, 15
Business-to-consumer car sharing
, 342–343
Cadillac
, 180
California PATH Research Reports
, 298–299
Cambot
, 290
Cameras
, 111, 126
CAN bus
, 126, 143
Capsule
, 33
Car and ride sharing, studies on
, 348
Car dealers, repair shops and insurance companies
, 173–174
Car manufacturers
, 328, 396–397
business model
, 312
Car-pooling efforts
, 364–365
Car-sharing
programs
, 364–365
service
, 383
Car-sharing
, 206
Car2Go
, 317, 345
Casey Neistat
, 226
Castillo, Jose
, 364–365
Celebrities and bloggers
, 225–227
Central driver assistance control unit
, 124
Central processing unit
, 96, 124
zFAS
, 125
Centre for Economic and Business Research in London
, 189
Chevrolet
, 40
app from General Motors
, 316
Spark EV
, 27
Cisco
, 41
CityMobil project
, 369, 406
CityMobil2
, 14, 157
Cognitive distraction
, 287
Coherent European framework
, 246
Committee on Autonomous Road Transport for Singapore
, 347
Communication
, 198–200
investing in communication infrastructure
, 403–404
technology
, 261
Community
, 341
detection algorithms
, 389
Companion app
, 316
Compelling force
, 223
Competitiveness
Iain Forbes
, 368–369
projects in Asia
, 371–374
projects in Europe and United States
, 369–371
projects in Israel
, 374–375
Computer operating systems
, 247
Computer-driven driving
, 108
Computerised information processing
, 109
Congestion pricing
, 296
Connected car
, 129
ad-hoc networks
, 133
connected driving
, 137–138
connected mobility
, 138
development of mobile communication networks
, 130
digital ecosystems
, 138
eCall
, 136–137
online services
, 136–137
permanent networks
, 130
statement by telecommunications experts
, 132–133
V-to-I communication
, 134–135
V-to-V communication
, 133–134
V-to-X communication
, 135–136
See also Digitised car
Connected mobility
, 129, 138
Connected vehicles
, 138
vulnerability of
, 142
Connected-car services
, 313
Connectivity of vehicles
, 147
Consumer-electronics companies
, 285
Container Terminal
, 159
Content creators
, 319–320
Continental (automotive suppliers)
, 9, 284, 315
Continuous feedback
, 281
Convenience
, 302–304, 306
Conventional breakthrough approach
, 332
Conventional broadband applications
, 132
Conventional car manufacturing
, 10
Cook, Tim
, 182
Cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS)
, 369–370
Corporate Average Fuel Economy standard
, 297
Cost(s)
, 187–192, 295
autonomous vehicles enabling use of alternative fuels
, 305
fuel economy
, 297–299
intelligent infrastructures
, 299–301
land use
, 304
operating costs
, 301–302
relationship between road speed and road throughput
, 296
vehicle throughput
, 295–297
Croove app
, 318
Culture
, 330
change
, 396
differences
, 195–197
and organisational transformation
, 395
Curtatone, Joseph
, 387
Customers’ expectations
attitudes
, 204–207
incidents
, 203–204
interview with 14 car dealers
, 207
persuasion
, 207–208
statements by two early adopters
, 205
Cyber attacks
, 141
Cyber hacking or failures in algorithms
, 354
Cyber security
, 141–146
Cyber-physical systems
, 9
Daimler
, 130
Data
, 121
categories in vehicle
, 147
creators
, 320–322
from passengers
, 94–95
privacy
, 147–148
processing
, 91
protection principles
, 148
recorders
, 239
Data-capturing technology
, 103
Data-protection issues
, 239
Database
, 98
Decelerating
, 91, 122
Decision-making mechanism
, 369
Declaration of Amsterdam
, 246–247
Deep learning
, 115
Deep neural networks
, 115–116
Deere, John
, 154, 155
Deere, John
, 154, 155, 263
Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA)
, 41
Degree of autonomous driving
, 53
Degree of autonomy
, 262
Degree of market penetration
, 84
Degree of not-invented-here arrogance
, 332
Degree of vehicle’s automation
, 233–234
Delhi municipal government
, 21–22
Delphi
, 9, 181
Delphi Automotive Systems
, 6
Demise of Kodak
, 111
Denner, Volkmar
, 333–334
Denso
, 9
Depreciation
, 345
Destination control
, 299, 300
Digital company development
, 395–396
Digital economy
, 225
Digital ecosystems
, 138
Digital light-processing technology
, 277, 279
Digital maps
, 101
Digital products
, 267
Digitised car
algorithms
, 113–117
backup levels
, 127
car as digitised product
, 111–112
data
, 121
drive recorder
, 125–126
drive-by-wire
, 122
over-provisioning
, 127
processor
, 122–125
software
, 117–121
See also Connected car
Digitising and design of vehicle
, 265–267
Dilemma situations
, 61
Direct attacks
, 141
Direct connectivity of vehicle
, 130
Disruptions in mobility
, 31, 34
arguments
, 34–35
history
, 32–33
OICA
, 34
Disruptive technologies
, 221, 223, 402
Document operation-relevant data
, 263
Doll, Claus
, 166
Dongles
, 142
Drees, Joachim
, 165
‘Drive boost’ mode
, 274
“Drive me” project
, 370
Drive recorder
, 125–126
‘Drive relax’ mode
, 274
Drive-by-wire
, 122
DriveNow
, 317, 345
Driver
, 235
role
, 235–238
Driver distraction
, 55
causes and consequences
, 278
Driver-assistance systems
, 53, 71, 160, 174, 222, 298, 333, 353
Driverless
cars
, 3, 7, 27–28, 222, 233, 244
taxis
, 302
vans
, 406
vehicles
, 168
Driverless Audi RS7
, 227–229
Driverless Race Car of Audi
, 5
Driving
manoeuvres
, 91
modes
, 107
oneself
, 342–343
Drunk driving
, 303
Dvorak keyboard
, 242
Dynamic patterns of movement in city of London
, 390
eCall. See Emergency call (eCall)
Eco-driving functions
, 297
Eco-routing applications
, 299
Economic(s)
, 65, 328
approach
, 250–251
exchange
, 344
potential savings from self-driving cars and trucks
, 66
savings effects from autonomous cars
, 67–68
from autonomous trucks
, 68–69
value shifts in automotive industry
, 329
Ecosystem
degree of autonomy
, 262–263
ecosystem of vehicles
, 263–264
intelligent connected vehicle
, 261–262
tractor to ecosystem
, 262
of vehicles
, 263–264
e-drive mode. See Egotistical mode (e-drive mode)
e-Golf
, 180
Egotistical mode (e-drive mode)
, 252
Eight Race car Drivers, statements by
, 62
Electric cars
, 26, 27
Electric motors
, 26
Electric Tesla Model S
, 203
Electrification
, 26–27
Electronic stability control (ESC)
, 303
Electronic stability program (ESP)
, 333
Elevator technology
, 32
Emergency call (eCall)
, 136–137
Emerging societies
automotive industry
, 379
process of industrialization
, 378
Emissions
, 187–192
End-2-end deep neural networks
, 115
Endorsers
, 225
Engine management
, 122
Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB). See Conventional broadband applications
Entertainment
, 74, 212
Epley, Nicholas
, 292
Ericsson
, 130
Ethernet
, 143–144
Ethics and morals for autonomous driving
approaches
, 250–252
avoid collisions
, 249–250
conflicts
, 252–254
ethics commission
, 254–255
experiments
, 252
Julian Nida-Rümelin statement
, 253–254
level of transparency
, 255
Martin Kolmar statement
, 256
trolley problem
, 250
Europe, projects in
, 369–371
European Commission
, 246
European Union
, 407
Facebook
, 26, 117, 227, 319
Fail operational system
, 123
Fail-safe system
, 123
Fallback level
, 127
Faraday Future
, 183
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
, 234
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
, 146
Fendt manufacturer
, 154
Ferragni, Chiara (Italian fashion designer)
, 226
Fiat 500e
, 27
Fields, Mark
, 180
Fiesta model
, 227
Fiesta Movement
, 227
Financial incentives
, 222
Finnish mobility
, 371
First autonomous vehicles, categories of
, 82
5G
, 131–133
Automotive Association
, 130
licenses
, 403
networks
, 132, 173, 379
Flannagan, Carol A.
, 303–304
Fleet(s)
, 349–350
management
, 364–365
of robo-cars
, 347
Forbes, Iain
, 368–369
Ford
, 6, 130, 180, 322, 332–333, 372
Ford Fiesta
, 227–229
Ford Focus Electric
, 27
Ford Sync system
, 316
Forward collision warning
, 4, 72, 193
4G networks
, 65, 165, 377, 379, 403
Fraunhofer Society
, 320
Frazzoli, Emilio
, 112
Free time
, 58
Fröhlich, Dieter
, 148
Front and rear crash sensing
, 78
Fuel economy
, 297–299
Fuel-cell electric vehicles
, 26–27
Gassmann, Oliver
, 300
Geisi
, 157
General Motors
, 6, 40, 133–134, 136–137, 180, 281, 322, 332–333
Generation Y
, 28
German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA)
, 17
German car manufacturers
, 367–368
Germany, A9 autobahn in
, 134, 135
Gett app
, 317
Gladbach, Peter
, 148
Glaser, Erik
, 198
Global positioning system (GPS)
, 141, 377
GPS-based satellite navigation systems
, 104
navigation
, 154, 263
Google
, 9, 138, 173, 179, 182, 255, 327, 330, 334–338, 359
Android Auto
, 285
cars
, 54
mapping vehicles
, 336
maps
, 338
GPUs
, 115
Gradual automation
, 211
Grape harvest
, 156
Greenwheels
, 345
Gridlock
, 22
Grove, Andy (Intel CEO)
, 222
GuideConnect system
, 154
Hardware creators
, 314–315
Hazard warnings
, 137
HD map
, 101, 105, 135
Head-up display
, 279, 280, 281
Henriksson, Henrik
, 161
Her (2013 movie)
, 291
Herbie (anthropomorphic racing beetle)
, 41
HERE
, 137–138
live map
, 101
Map Service
, 101
Hiesinger, Heinrich (ThyssenKrupp CEO)
, 324–325
High-performance software
, 281
Highly automated vehicles
, 403
Highway assistant
, 49
Highway chauffeur
, 49
Highway pilot
, 49
Hilly landscape of Istanbul
, 385
Hockenheim racetrack
, 227, 229
Honda Fit EV
, 27
Hongqi HQ3
, 379
Huang, Jen-Hsun (CEO of Nvidia)
, 6
Huawei
, 130, 131, 372
Human dignity
, 251, 253
Human driving
, 21
facts about
, 21, 23
traffic problems
, 22
See also Autonomous driving
Human senses
, 279
Human voice
, 292
Human-like speech
, 292
Humanising
driving
, 102
technology
, 292–293
Human–machine interaction
, 233, 277, 282, 288, 332–333
causes and consequences of driver distraction
, 278
head-up display
, 280
mechanics
, 277–283
take-over request
, 285–287
technology
, 332
trust
, 287–293
user interfaces
, 283–285
vision and example of augmented-reality application
, 279–280
Hyundai
, 180, 372
IBM
, 31
IBM Global Parking Survey
, 191–192
IBM OS/2
, 247
IEEE
, 243
Image processing
, 124
Imperative programming
, 99
In-vehicle algorithms
, 298
Individualised displays
, 316
Industrial policy
, 405
Industrialization process
, 378
Industry clusters development
, 405–406
Infinity Q50
, 123
Influencers
, 223–225
Information
to passengers and to environment
, 108
technology
, 261
Infotainment devices
, 142, 284, 285
Instant torque
, 26
Insurance
, 369
companies
, 356–357, 358
Insurance industry
business model
, 353–355
liability
, 355–356
new products, new services
, 356–359
Intel
, 35, 42, 125, 130
Intelligent connected vehicle
, 261–262
Intelligent infrastructures
, 299–301
International norm committees
, 243
International Transport Forum of OECD
, 349
Internet
, 336
in cars
, 136
connectivity
, 320
giants
, 138, 359
industry
, 338
services
, 19
iPhone
, 7, 398
ISO 11270 Norm for Lane-Keeping Assistance System
, 244
ISO committees
, 243
Israel, projects in
, 374–375
Jaguar
, 42, 130
Jaybridge Robotics
, 181
Junge, Lutz
, 115
K-City
, 7
construction
, 7
self-driving car test facility
, 373
Keecker Robot
, 291
Keller, David
, 39
Kia
, 6, 7
Kia Soul EV
, 27
Kinze manufacturer
, 154
Klout
, 227
Knight Rider TV series
, 41
Kodak
, 111, 312
Kolmar, Martin
, 256
Kolodge, Kristin
, 289
Kred company
, 227
Kremling, Hartmut
, 131
Land Rover
, 42, 130
Land use
, 304
Landmarks
, 93, 103
Lane localisation
, 103
Lane modelling
, 103
Lane-departure warnings
, 72, 78
Lane-keeping assistance systems (LKAS)
, 244
Lantz, Brett
, 99–100
Last-mile delivery
, 168
Launching ride-and car-sharing services
, 317
Le Super Electric Ecosystem (LeSee)
, 183
LeEco
, 16, 183
Legal entities
, 235
Legal framework
, 57, 79, 246, 335, 378, 401–402
Legislation
, 11, 172, 367, 401
Leisure time
, 34, 212, 322
LeSee. See Le Super Electric Ecosystem (LeSee)
Lexus
, 173
Liability
, 355–356
law
, 237
mechanism
, 237
Lieu, Ted
, 145
Life magazine
, 40
Light detection and ranging technology (lidar technology)
, 95, 96, 126
lane-level and intersection mapping based on
, 105
sensors
, 338
systems
, 181, 331
Line-haul transportation
, 160–168
Little, Patrick
, 126
Live roads
, 100, 102
Living Machine, The
, 39
Localisation
, 94
accurate lane
, 103
vehicle’s own
, 104
Localising
, 94, 101–104
Logistics operations
, 159
London
Centre for Economic and Business Research in
, 189
dynamic patterns of movement in city of
, 390
lidar print cloud of Blackfriars Bridge in
, 104
pedestrians in traffic in
, 196
Long-distance autonomous vehicle, interior of
, 15, 16
Long-haul trucks
, 69
Long-term evolution (LTE)
, 65
LTE-V
, 131–133
Luxe app
, 319
Lyft
, 174, 344
Ma, Jun
, 373
Machine-learning
, 99, 113, 332–333
algorithms
, 93, 96, 98, 116–117, 336
technology
, 332
Macroeconomic analyses
, 243
‘Made in China 2025’
, 371–372
Magna
, 9
Manufacturers
, 17, 21, 45, 55, 84, 179–181, 263, 331
Mapping
, 94, 101–104
Mars Rover Curiosity
, 153
Mass motorisation
, 39
McKinsey & Company
, 320
Megacities
, 58, 381–383
Megatrends in mobility
, 25
connectivity
, 25–26
electrification
, 26–27
sustainability
, 27–28
urbanisation
, 26
Melody of speech
, 292
Mercedes
, 137, 179, 180, 316, 318, 322, 332–333, 398
F015
, 282
Mercedes-Benz
, 372
Mercedes-Benz robot
, 290
S-Class cars
, 184, 261
Self-Driving F015
, 5
Mercedes’ Self-Driving F015
, 5
Metaphors
, 290
Metropolises
, 382, 406
Meyer, Andreas
, 175
Microsoft Windows
, 9, 183, 247, 327
Military industry
, 153
Mobileye
, 9, 16
Mobility
, 363
autonomous
, 171–172
behaviours
, 222
connected
, 138
platforms
, 174–177, 184, 317
Mobility as social interaction
communication
, 198–200
cultural differences
, 195–197
pedestrians in traffic in London
, 196
pedestrians in traffic in Teheran
, 197
Mobility, disruptions in
, 31, 34
arguments
, 34–35
history
, 32–33
OICA
, 34
Mobility, megatrends in
, 25
connectivity
, 25–26
electrification
, 26–27
sustainability
, 27–28
urbanisation
, 26
Mobility, problem with
implications of congestion in United States
, 188
safety
, 192–193
time, costs and emissions
, 187–192
Modes of transportation
, 12, 81, 138, 343, 384
Modified 3-series BMW
, 180
MOIA Company
, 317
Monitoring
, 106–108
Monotonous voices
, 292
Montparnasse Station, Paris, accident at
, 32, 33
Moore’s Law
, 124
Moovel mobility platform
, 19, 174, 317
Moral behavior
, 253–254
Morgan Stanley Research
, 65, 66
MP3 technology
, 312
Multi-layered cyber security approach
, 145
Multi-purpose vehicles
, 14
Multimodal approach
, 281
Multimodal transport app, Finland
, 371
Multipliers
, 225, 228
Musk, Elon
, 181
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
, 55, 57, 61, 125, 144, 191
Nauto
, 41, 42
Navia
, 158
Navya
, 41, 42
Nelson, Bill
, 146
Netflix
, 141, 311, 319
Network coverage
, 403
Neural Networks
, 99, 115–116
New Displays
, 283, 284
New York City public transportation network
, 363
Nida-Rümelin, Julian
, 253–254
Nielsen’s ten usability heuristics
, 283
NioEV’s new sports car Nio EP9
, 5
Nissan
, 6, 198
Nissan Leaf
, 27
Nissan Teatro for Dayz
, 273–274
Nokia
, 130, 131
Norms
, 241–242, 243–246
NuTonomy
, 6, 9, 16, 112, 315
Nvidia
, 6, 9, 16, 117, 125, 183, 315
Object recognition
, 55, 93
Ohlsen, Jörg
, 83
Online services
, 129, 136–137
OnStar
, 136–137
Open-source software
, 119
Operating costs
, 301–302
Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles (OICA)
, 34
Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)
, 146
Orix
, 317, 344
Output layer
, 119
Over-provisioning
, 127
Paolo (Netflix Design Director)
, 228
PARK incentive program
, 385
Park24
, 317, 344
Parking
space
, 304
system
, 78
Parsons, Philip
, 388
Particulate matter (PM)
, 191, 204
Pearl River Delta
, 386, 389
Pedestrians
car’s interactions with
, 200
traffic in London
, 196
traffic in Teheran
, 197
Peer-to-peer
car sharing
, 342–343
service
, 350–351
Perceptual errors
, 249
Peters, Gary
, 146
Peugeot Instinct concept car
, 273
Physical roadside objects
, 103
Pikes Peak drive
, 179
Pivotal 2015
, 320
Planning
, 94, 106–108, 406
behavioural
, 107
mission
, 106–107
trajectory
, 336
Platooning
, 133, 163, 165
autonomous truck
, 347
vehicle
, 299
Platoons
, 8, 49, 164, 166, 299, 369
Players
manufacturers
, 179–181
mobility platforms
, 184
new players
, 183
suppliers
, 181–182
technology companies
, 182–183
Playing fields, autonomous driving
agricultural sector
, 154–157
autonomous tractor in use
, 156
last-mile delivery
, 168
line-haul transportation
, 160–168
logistics operations
, 159
military and aerospace industry
, 153
public transportation
, 157–159
warehouse transportation
, 159
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
, 26
Pokrzywa, Jack (Director of SAE)
, 244–245
Politicians
, 172, 249
Politics
, 171–173
Polmans, Kristof
, 123–124
Pooling
, 342–345
Power, J. D.
, 288
PPzuche
, 317, 344
Pre-programmed algorithms
, 250
Premium manufacturers
, 14, 315
Private transport
, 246, 404
Processing unit
, 73, 91, 315
Processors
, 122–125
automotive
, 126
graphics
, 167
Qualcomm Snapdragon
, 126
Qualcomm Technologies
, 126
Product
design
, 267
estimated revenues by product package
, 77
innovation
, 225
Protection and liability of autonomous systems
data recorders
, 239
degree of vehicle’s automation
, 233–234
driver role
, 235–238
legal situation in United States
, 234–235
responsibility with increasing automation
, 235
Vienna Convention
, 234
PSA
, 180–181
Public opinion
, 171–173
Public pilot project
, 370
Public transport
, 12, 18, 34, 54, 343, 404
Public transportation
, 157–159, 347, 363, 386, 389
Purucker, Christian
, 76
Qualcomm Technologies
, 9, 125, 126, 130, 315
QWERTY keyboard configuration
, 242
Radar sensors
, 134, 333
Radar technology. See Radio detection and ranging technology (Radar technology)
Radio detection and ranging technology (Radar technology)
, 95, 126
Railways
companies
, 174–177
development
, 32
network
, 386
Rand Corporation
, 6, 191
Real-time traffic
, 137, 262
Real-world model
, 92, 99, 105–106
of autonomous driving
, 92
computer-driven driving
, 108
data from passengers
, 94–95
information to passengers and to environment
, 108
lane-level and intersection mapping based on lidar
, 105
lidar print cloud of blackfriars bridge
, 104
mapping and localising
, 101–104
planning and monitoring
, 106–108
sensing and detecting
, 95–100
sensors for vehicle dynamics information
, 97
sensors in autonomous vehicles
, 95
simulation
, 91–92
un-fused sensor data of static and dynamic objects
, 106
Redundant steering systems
, 124
Reich, Andreas
, 135, 136
Reinforcement learning
, 114
Relaxation
, 80, 212, 218
Reliability of electronic brake systems
, 122
Remote vehicle monitoring
, 261
Responsibility with increasing automation
, 235
Ride-sharing
, 22, 184, 206, 302
companies
, 404
models
, 343
services
, 344, 384, 397
RIO platform
, 167
Road(s)
, 103
experience management
, 94
networks in Chinese megacities
, 382
road-safety legislation
, 192
and telecommunication networks
, 379
traffic
, 195
users
, 108
Roadmap
assistance systems
, 71–77
categories of first autonomous vehicles
, 82
development phases
, 77–81
estimated revenues by product package
, 77
expected worldwide sales of cars
, 85
sales forecasts
, 84–86
types of vehicles
, 81–84
Roadside objects
, 103, 107
Roadster
, 27
Robo-cars
, 12, 18, 19, 83, 298, 346–349, 347, 406
autonomous
, 13
from Google
, 335–336
Robots
, 10, 58, 238
Roland Berger & Partners
, 320
Rosa, Hartmut
, 217
SAE J3016 document
, 244
Safety
, 192–193, 295, 302–304
autonomous vehicles enabling use of alternative fuels
, 305
fuel economy
, 297–299
functions
, 74, 78
intelligent infrastructures
, 299–301
land use
, 304
operating costs
, 301–302
relationship between road speed and road throughput
, 296
vehicle throughput
, 295–297
Sales forecasts
, 84–86
Samuelsson, Hakan
, 174
San Francisco Park
, 301
Savarese, Domenico
, 354
Savings effects
from autonomous cars
, 67–68
from autonomous trucks
, 68–69
Scania truck
, 162, 261
Schaeffler
, 9
Science fiction
, 3, 39–41
Scientists
, 177
Security and Privacy in Your Car Act of 2017 (SPY Car Act of 2017)
, 145
Segway scooter
, 221
Self-determination
, 147, 148, 205
Self-driving
cars
, 22, 24, 25, 39, 61, 203, 223, 224, 233, 244, 261, 295, 299, 304, 337, 346, 395
features
, 222
fleet of vehicles
, 171–172, 349
grain trailer
, 263
prototypes
, 198, 377
taxis
, 337, 345, 374
tractors
, 8, 154, 155, 156
trucks
, 66, 69, 70, 164, 165
vehicles
, 153, 171, 175, 222, 225, 233, 354, 368, 379, 388
Self-learning system
, 55, 238
Self-parking
, 74, 288, 387
Sensing
, 93
and detecting
, 95–100
front crash-sensing system
, 78
Sensor(s)
, 261, 374–375
applications
, 132
in autonomous vehicles
, 95
data
, 165
for vehicle dynamics information
, 97
Sensory perception
, 279
Service creators
, 316–319
Service-oriented business model
, 397–398
Sharing economy
fleets
, 349–350
peer-to-peer service
, 350–351
robo-cars
, 346–349
sharing, pooling
, 342–345
trend
, 341–342
Shashua, Amnon
, 93
Shenzhen
, 386–389
Shneiderman’s eight golden rules of interface design
, 283
Shoeibi, Houchan (President, Saint-Gobain Sekurit)
, 271
Shuttle service
, 14, 383
Simulation
, 91–92, 121, 345, 350
Singapore Autonomous Vehicle Initiative
, 372–373
Smart-city
challenges
, 383
features
, 406
Smartphone
, 79, 216, 222, 317, 402, 407
app
, 6, 28, 358, 374
industry
, 127
signals
, 136
unrestricted spread
, 255
Social acceptance
, 402
Social discourse
, 402
Social exchange
, 344
Social interaction
communication
, 198–200
cultural differences
, 195–197
mobility as
, 195
pedestrians in traffic in London
, 196
pedestrians in traffic in Teheran
, 197
Social networks
, 7, 225, 227, 341
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
, 47, 144, 243–245
Software
, 93, 111, 117–121
creators
, 315–316
errors
, 249
testing
, 120
Somerville
, 386–389
Spotify
, 141, 316, 319
Stahl, Florian
, 113–115
Stakeholders
car dealers, repair shops and insurance companies
, 173–174
public opinion, politics, authorities and cities
, 171–173
railway companies and mobility platforms
, 174–177
scientists
, 177
technology and telecommunication companies
, 173
train station as transportation hub
, 176
Standards
, 241
characterisation
, 242–243
development of technology
, 241–242
dominant design
, 247–248
State Farm Insurance
, 316
State Route 91 in Southern California
, 296
Statham, Jason (British actor)
, 226
Status-conscious customers
, 204
Steer-by-wire
, 122
solutions
, 324
system
, 123
Steering
, 76, 91, 96, 108, 122
manoeuvre
, 253, 286
redundant steering systems
, 124
systems
, 324
ThyssenKrupp
, 123
wheel
, 15, 43, 72, 76, 123, 238, 285
Stop-and-go traffic
, 58, 206, 218, 295, 299
Suburbs
, 317, 404
Supervised learning
, 113–114
Suppliers
, 17, 35, 41, 70, 77, 125, 171, 181–182, 243, 284, 312, 323, 333, 398, 405
Swedish car manufacturer
, 355
Swiss Railway Corporation
, 174–176
Systematic connectivity
, 403
Tactile signals
, 72, 108
Take-over request
, 285–287
TaxiBots fleet
, 350
Technical standards
, 247, 371
Technological functions
, 247
Technology
, 173
companies
, 55, 182–183
fusion
, 330–334
partnerships
, 318
Teheran, pedestrians in traffic in
, 197
Telecommunication
companies
, 173
statement by telecommunications experts
, 132
Telematics
data
, 356
devices
, 142
services
, 142
Ten-point plan for governments
, 401
autonomous mobility establishment as industry of future
, 404–405
autonomous vehicles integration in cities
, 406
industry clusters development
, 405–406
initiating social discourse
, 402
investing in communication infrastructure
, 403–404
investing in transport infrastructure
, 402–403
linking public and private transport
, 404
promoting research, development and education
, 406–407
promoting tests with autonomous vehicles
, 407
setting legal framework
, 401–402
Terror (film)
, 252
Tesla
, 5, 27, 53, 125, 179, 203–204
Texas A & M University
, 69
Texas Institute for Urban Mobility
, 68
Thune, John
, 146
ThyssenKrupp Steering
, 123, 324–325
Time
, 187–192, 295, 302–304
autonomous vehicles enabling use of alternative fuels
, 305
fuel economy
, 297–299
intelligent infrastructures
, 299–301
land use
, 304
management
, 215–218
operating costs
, 301–302
relationship between road speed and road throughput
, 296
vehicle throughput
, 295–297
Time-critical, reliable applications
, 132
Touareg, Volkswagen
, 41
Toyota
, 6, 181, 332–333
research into artificial intelligence and self-driving cars
, 183
Toyota RAV4 EV
, 27
Tractor’s steering system
, 154
Traditional automobile companies
, 53
Traditional automotive suppliers
, 9, 125
Traffic
, 389
and art
, 389–390
flows control
, 248
infrastructure
, 58, 247–248, 377, 383, 386
laws
, 148, 249
regulations
, 44, 107, 195, 255, 373
situation
, 6, 10, 21, 55, 65, 80, 93, 102, 160, 187, 206, 251, 316, 336, 365, 386
in United States, Canada, and Northern and Central Europe
, 195
Traffic jams
, 21, 63, 68, 189, 247, 286, 365, 388
assistants
, 10, 53, 113
in daily commuter traffic
, 365
time lost in
, 187
Transparency
, 147, 148, 167, 255
Transport cost
, 166, 346, 347
Transport infrastructure, investing in
, 402–403
Transportation system
, 8, 158, 324, 384–385
Trendsetters
, 225
Trojans
, 142
Trolley problem
, 250
Truck(s)
, 66, 160
of de Winter Logistics transport
, 167
explanation of savings effects from autonomous
, 68–69
potential savings from self-driving cars and
, 66
Trust
, 287–293
TRW
, 9
Twitter
, 26, 141, 226, 227
Type-approval
authorities
, 172
law
, 234
Uber
, 174, 184, 311, 317, 343, 358
UK automotive industry
, 368
Ultrasonic sensors
, 126, 333
Un-fused sensor data of static and dynamic objects
, 106
Unbox Therapy
, 226
Underused assets
, 341, 351
UNECE vehicle regulations
, 234
Uniform legal framework
, 246
Union Square in Somerville
, 387–388
United Nations General Assembly
, 192
United States
, 63, 67, 367, 402
current fuel economy for cars
, 59
implications of congestion in
, 188
legal situation in
, 234–235
Luxe start-up in
, 319
projects in
, 369–371
roads in
, 86
traffic in
, 195
University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute
, 120
Urban Challenge
, 42
Urban development
Audi urban future initiative
, 384–386
megacities
, 381–383
Shenzhen
, 386–389
smart-city challenges
, 383
Somerville
, 386–389
traffic and art
, 389–390
“Urban Parangolé” project
, 384–385
Urban traffic
, 17, 54, 79, 120, 168, 183, 384
Urbanisation
, 26, 29, 341, 381, 382
US Department for Energy
, 69
US Department of Transportation
, 69, 298, 355, 383
US Environmental Protection Agency
, 191
US Federal Highway Administration
, 296
US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
, 145–146, 370
US Tech Choice study
, 288
Use cases for autonomous driving
driving to hub
, 213
scenarios
, 211–215
time management
, 215–218
User groups
, 66
User interfaces
, 283–285
Utilitarian approach
, 250–251, 257
V-to-business application
, 399
V-to-dealer communication
, 25
V-to-everything communication
, 375
V-to-home
application
, 399
services
, 318
V-to-life applications
, 318
Valeo
, 182
Value chains
Baidu
, 338
conditions
, 328, 330, 331
economics
, 328, 329
Google
, 334–338
redesign
, 327–328
technology fusion
, 330–334
Vehicle
automation
, 401
connectivity
, 143
digitising and design
, 265–267
management
, 74
manufacturers
, 313
platooning
, 299
surroundings
, 284
throughput
, 295–297
types
, 81–84
Vehicle as ecosystem
, 263–264
degree of autonomy
, 262–263
intelligent connected vehicle
, 261–262
tractor to ecosystem
, 262
Vehicle detection
in autonomous vehicles
, 95
challenges
, 98, 100, 103–104
lidar
, 95, 96
machine-learning algorithms
, 96, 98
Radar
, 95
for vehicle dynamics information
, 97
Vehicle sketches and drafts
, 267
Audi designers’ drafts of short-distance vehicles
, 269–270
Audi designers’ sketches of long-distance vehicles
, 268
Budii car concept
, 272–273
driverless cars
, 267–269
interview with Houchan Shoeibi
, 271–272
Nissan Teatro for Dayz
, 273–274
Volkswagen Sedric
, 274–275
Vehicle-to-cloud communication (V-to-C communication)
, 129
Vehicle-to-infrastructure communication (V-to-I communication)
, 25, 74, 129, 134–135, 143, 182, 241, 243, 246, 247, 332, 369, 371, 377, 397, 399
Vehicle-to-pedestrian communication
, 136
Vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V-to-V communication)
, 10, 25, 74, 129, 133–134, 182, 241, 243, 246, 247, 295, 298, 332, 369, 371, 375, 377, 397, 399, 403
Vehicle-to-vehicle connectivity
, 143
Vehicle-to-X (V-to-X)
, 25, 135–136, 241, 369–370
applications
, 101, 147
communication
, 272
Version control
, 120
Video cameras
, 227, 333
Vienna Convention (1968)
, 11, 172, 234, 246, 254, 401
Virginia Tech Transportation Institute
, 278
Viruses
, 142
Visions
, 57
energy
, 59–60
lives
, 57–58
objections
, 61–63
people
, 60
people doing in autonomous cars
, 62
preconditions
, 60–61
space
, 58–59
time
, 58
VisLab research vehicle
, 42
Visteon
, 284
Visual signals
, 78, 247
Visualisations of mobility hubs for Boston and Washington
, 385
Volkswagen
, 6, 130, 317, 332–333
e-Golf
, 27
group
, 198
Sedric
, 274–275
Volvo Car Corporation
, 45, 117, 174, 181, 316, 322
von Pentz, Markwart
, 155
Vulnerability of connected vehicles
, 142
Warehouse transportation
, 159
Waterfall approach
, 330
Waze, real-time traffic mapping app
, 374–375
Wickenheiser, Othmar (Professor of Design)
, 266
Wilson, Joe
, 145
Wissmann, Matthias
, 17–18
WLAN
, 154
Work and welfare
Jose Castillo statement
, 364–365
prisoners of city
, 366
traffic jams
, 365
World Health Organization
, 191, 354, 378
WWired article
, 142
YouTube
, 53, 227, 319, 323
YouTubers
, 226
Yueting, Jia
, 183
Zetsche, Dieter
, 290
zFAS central processing unit
, 118, 124, 125
zForce steering wheel
, 285
Zimmer, John
, 180
Zipcar
, 344
Zurich Insurance Group
, 354
- Prelims
- Part 1 Evolutions and Revolutions in Mobility
- Chapter 1 Autonomous Driving Is a Reality
- Chapter 2 Facts about Human Driving
- Chapter 3 Megatrends in Mobility
- Chapter 4 Disruptions in Mobility
- Part 2 Perspectives on Autonomous Driving
- Chapter 5 History
- Chapter 6 Levels
- Chapter 7 Visions
- Chapter 8 Economics
- Chapter 9 Roadmap
- Part 3 Technology of Autonomous Driving
- Chapter 10 Model
- Chapter 11 The Digitised Car
- Chapter 12 The Connected Car
- Chapter 13 Cyber Security and Data Privacy
- Part 4 Arena of Autonomous Driving
- Chapter 14 Fields
- Chapter 15 Stakeholders
- Chapter 16 Players
- Part 5 Customers and Their Mobility Behaviour
- Chapter 17 The Problem with Mobility
- Chapter 18 Mobility as Social Interaction
- Chapter 19 Customers’ Expectations
- Chapter 20 Use Cases for Autonomous Driving
- Chapter 21 Can Autonomous Driving Fail?
- Chapter 22 New Types, New Segments
- Part 6 Framework Conditions for Autonomous Driving
- Chapter 23 Protection and Liability
- Chapter 24 Norms and Standards
- Chapter 25 Ethics and Morals
- Part 7 Impact on Vehicles
- Chapter 26 The Vehicle as an Ecosystem
- Chapter 27 Vehicle Design
- Chapter 28 Human–Machine Interaction
- Chapter 29 Time, Cost and Safety
- Part 8 Impact on Companies
- Chapter 30 Business Models
- Chapter 31 Value Chains
- Chapter 32 The Sharing Economy
- Chapter 33 The Insurance Industry
- Part 9 Impact on Society
- Chapter 34 Work and Welfare
- Chapter 35 Competitiveness
- Chapter 36 Emerging Societies
- Chapter 37 Urban Development
- Part 10 What Needs to be Done?
- Chapter 38 Agenda for the Auto Industry
- Chapter 39 Ten-Point Plan for Governments
- Epilogue: Brave New World
- Bibliography
- Index