DISCIPLES AND DISSENTERS: TACTICAL CHOICE AND CONSEQUENCES IN THE PLOWSHARES MOVEMENT

Abstract

State-oriented models of collective action are too narrow to encompass expressive movements that challenge religious authority structures. These limitations are evident as I explore the tactics of the Plowshares movement. Inspired by the Catholic Left, Plowshares activists have distinguished themselves from other peace groups by their controversial methods of nonviolent sabotage. I argue that the tactical choices of this movement defy state-centered theories that assume political instrumentality, tactical neutrality, and rational calculation of costs and benefits. The Plowshares case reveals that expressive groups and religious movements may not select their methods solely on the basis of efficacy. Rather, tactical choice and innovation are influenced by the opponent’s source of power as well as activists’ beliefs, values, and moral commitments. I also call for greater attention to the effects of tactics on the movement itself, moving beyond an exclusive focus on outcomes. Particularly when controversial methods of action are employed, tactical consequences may include ideological refinement and unanticipated cultural developments that can pose further challenges.

Citation

Erickson Nepstad, S. (2004), "DISCIPLES AND DISSENTERS: TACTICAL CHOICE AND CONSEQUENCES IN THE PLOWSHARES MOVEMENT", Myers, D.J. and Cress, D.M. (Ed.) Authority in Contention (Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change, Vol. 25), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 139-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-786X(04)25006-6